Detailed analysis of reasons:
1. Unreasonable food structure-iron content and absorption rate vary with food types. Studies have confirmed that the iron absorption rate of animal foods is high, while the dietary structure of our people is mainly plant foods, which is easy to cause iron deficiency.
The human body's demand for iron is increasing-babies, growing children, pregnant women and so on. It is higher than normal people 10% ~ 30%. If you don't pay attention to proper iron supplementation at this time, it will cause iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
3. Excessive iron loss-the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in girls is 20%, which is caused by the following reasons:
(1) Girls are in a period of rapid growth and development, and the body's demand for various nutrients increases accordingly.
⑵ Menstruation occurs in adolescence, and the average blood loss during a menstrual period is 50 ~ 60 ml, which will consume 20 ~ 30 mg of iron. The endocrine system in adolescence is unbalanced, which is easy to cause excessive menstrual flow and serious blood loss.
(3) Some girls deliberately pursue physical beauty, and bad habits such as dieting, food restriction, picky eaters, partial eclipse, anorexia, etc. lead to nutritional imbalance in adolescence, resulting in a serious shortage of iron intake.
2. Prevention is effective:
Although the incidence of iron deficiency anemia is high, it can be greatly improved as long as people pay attention to it and take precautions first. Preventive measures are simple and effective, and the most important thing is to increase the intake of iron-rich foods, such as animal liver, blood and meat. Fresh green vegetables are rich in folic acid, which can participate in the formation of red blood cells and improve anemia symptoms. Adolescent girls must arrange their diet scientifically and reasonably, and correct bad habits such as partial eclipse and picky eaters. To prevent anemia, besides iron supplementation, we should also take protein and vitamin C which can promote iron absorption.
Preventing iron deficiency anemia is an urgent task for individuals, families and the whole society. Anemia surveys should be conducted regularly to prevent the occurrence of anemia.
Iodine deficiency disorders include regional iodine deficiency and phase, which produce thyroid hormones necessary for human growth and development. If there are two regional iodine deficiency disorders. Regional iodine deficiency refers to the pathological biological chain of iodine deficiency in plants, animals and human beings due to iodine deficiency in surface water and soil in some areas such as Chinese mainland, especially in mountainous areas. Iodine is processed by thyroid gland in human body, and iodine deficiency will cause iodine deficiency diseases in people in iodine-deficient areas, such as mental retardation of children, endemic goiter and endemic cretinism (deaf, dumb, short, stupid and dull); Relative iodine deficiency refers to pregnant women, fetuses, infants, teenagers and other people who have special needs for iodine. Because their bodies need a lot of iodine, if they don't replenish iodine in time, there will be relative iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency can cause infertility, pregnancy abortion, premature delivery, or fetal malformation, stillbirth and neonatal death. The surviving babies need iodine supplementation in time, otherwise there will be mental retardation, goiter and even cretinism in children.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral element in human body, accounting for 1.5% of human body weight. For an ordinary adult, the total calcium in the body is about 1kg, of which 99% is distributed in bones and teeth, which constitutes the bones of the human body and plays a supporting role in the human body. At the same time, calcium participates in many physiological and biochemical metabolism in the body, maintains the excitability of neuromuscular, maintains the normal acid-base balance in the body and maintains the normal coagulation function. When the calcium content in the diet is too low to meet the needs of the body, then the body will use the "stock solution" to dissolve some calcium in the bones and enter the blood to maintain the body's physiological and biochemical metabolism. Over time, the lack of calcium in the body will inevitably cause a series of diseases to the human body, which will seriously harm human health.
1. Infants, children and adolescents are in the stage of rapid growth and development of their bodies and bones, and need a relatively large amount of calcium. If they can't get enough calcium, it will undoubtedly affect the normal development of children and adolescents. According to the statistics of pediatric outpatient department in this hospital, about 60-70% of children have rickets in different degrees, which are often manifested as irritability, anorexia, night crying, yellow hair, late teething, late toddler, serious skeletal deformity, chicken breast, X-leg, O-leg, short stature, and some children are irritable, inattentive, poor academic performance and mental retardation. Dental caries in children are also caused by calcium deficiency. The child is short of calcium for life.
2. Calcium deficiency in pregnant women and lying-in women will directly endanger the health of two generations. Fetal period is the whole period of bone and tooth germ formation. Adequate calcium intake by pregnant women is the premise to ensure their own health and fetal health. If the daily calcium intake is insufficient, the calcium in maternal bones will be used to meet the needs of fetal development. Especially in the late pregnancy, the calcium required by pregnant women will increase greatly. Calcium deficiency in pregnant women and lying-in women can cause backache, numbness in hands and feet, and leg cramps. In the late pregnancy, the calcium required by pregnant women will increase greatly, but the intake is relatively insufficient. Pregnant women are prone to hypertension syndrome, postpartum teeth are easy to loosen or even fall off, and it is easy to leave sequelae of joint pain. Calcium deficiency in pregnant women will also affect the skeletal development of the fetus, which will lead to congenital rickets in severe cases. Postpartum calcium deficiency will reduce milk secretion and low calcium content, which will affect the further development of infants' bones and continue to damage the skeletal health of lactating mothers.
3. Calcium deficiency in middle-aged and elderly people will cause premature aging and a series of diseases. The main manifestations are hyperosteogeny, osteoporosis, fracture, loose or falling teeth, arthritis, cervical spondylosis, low back pain, back pain, leg cramps, hunchback, short stature, numbness of hands and feet, itchy skin, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, liver and gallbladder, kidney calculi, etc., all of which are related to calcium deficiency. Because of the loss of minerals such as calcium in bones, bones become thin and soft and prone to fractures. It is of great help to the health of elderly comrades. Almost all the elderly over 60 years old have different degrees of osteoporosis, but some people like sports when they are young and have high bone peak quality. After old age, the loss of bone calcium is slow, so the degree of osteoporosis is light, while some people don't like sports when they are young, and their bone density is not high, which is easy to osteoporosis and more serious.
It is worth noting that recent scientific research found that low daily calcium intake is an important cause of hypertension. Calcium supplementation can lower blood pressure, and about 40% of hypertensive patients have significantly lower blood pressure after calcium supplementation. The reason is that high-calcium diet can inhibit hypertension factors (peptides produced by parathyroid gland) in the body, thus causing blood pressure to drop. Because of the hardness of drinking groundwater or mountain spring water (containing high calcium and magnesium ions), hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are less than those of rural and mountainous urban residents; Animal experiments show that 40% of animals fed with low calcium diet have hypertension, while animals fed with high calcium diet have no hypertension. At the same time, animals with hypertension can return to normal after three months.
5. The blood of patients with calcium deficiency is often acidic. At first, it is easy to cause skin lesions such as eczema or urticaria, while women show rough skin, dark spots and freckles. And further develop into allergic constitution or extreme tension, which is prone to fatigue, shoulder and neck pain, dizziness and other symptoms. Calcium supplementation can improve women's skin, making it delicate, smooth and beautiful.
1940 successfully separated the relationship between zinc and human physiological function from carbonic anhydrase for the first time. At present, there are more than 70 kinds of zinc-containing enzymes (including carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase, carboxypeptidase, DNA polymerase, aldolase and superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic proteins in human body. These enzymes play their active role by the existence of several zinc atoms (generally, one gram of zinc contains 1 ~ 4g atoms). In addition, there are other enzymes (such as arginase, histidine, lecithin and enolase) that need zinc activation.
(1) Zinc and endocrine system Zinc affects the function of endocrine system. Zinc deficiency in humans and animals shows hypogonadism, which may be related to the decrease of gonadotropin secretion or the disorder of testosterone production in pituitary gland. Some authors have also observed gonadal dysplasia in zinc-deficient mice. Earlier studies mentioned that adding zinc to the extract of posterior pituitary can prolong its antidiuretic effect on frogs. Recent experiments show that when bovine pituitary extract is kept warm with zinc, the release of GH, TSH, LH, FSH and ACTH increases. Zinc is easy to combine with insulin to form a complex, delaying and prolonging its hypoglycemic effect; At the cellular level, zinc may be related to the release of insulin. On the other hand, the concentration of hormones in blood can affect the concentration of zinc in blood, urine and tissues. For example, when GH concentration increases (such as acromegaly), urinary zinc excretion increases and blood zinc decreases; Insufficient GH will lead to the opposite result. The secretion changes of other hormones such as estrogen, prolactin, adrenocortical hormone, thyroxine and parathyroid hormone also affect the blood zinc concentration.
(2) Zinc and immune function Zinc also plays an important role in the immune function of the body, including the development of the chest and spleen, the synthesis of immunoglobulin, and cellular immunity with delayed skin allergic reaction as the indicator. Zinc promotes lymphocyte mitosis and inhibits or regulates the functions of mast cells, macrophages, granulocytes and platelets.
Zinc promotes the synthesis of DNA, protein and collagen, so it can promote growth and development (including bone growth) and help wound healing.