Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arterial and peripheral vascular diseases, are mostly chronic diseases with a long course. Many factors can induce or aggravate the disease, and some of them are even fatal. Therefore, understanding cardiovascular diseases is very important for your health.
Please pay attention to the following aspects: 1 Common sense: Understand the common sense of health care and treatment of diseases through doctors, nurses and related books, make clear the name, type, classification and staging of diseases, and master the first aid methods and precautions in acute attack. 2. Diet: Cardiovascular diseases advocate a low-salt, low-fat and high-fiber diet, and eat more fresh vegetables. Diabetic patients should strictly follow the diabetic diet.
The daily intake of common dietary salt in this area is more than 9 ~ 12g, far exceeding the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (5 ~ 6g per day). Salted vegetables and Aral Sea products that people like to eat in this area have high salt content and should be restricted and prohibited.
About salt intake: 5~7 grams per day for patients with mild hypertension and less than 3 grams per day for patients with moderate and severe hypertension; Patients with mild heart failure are below 5 grams per day, moderate below 2.5 grams, severe below 1 gram or even prohibited. Three. Work and life arrangement: After the acute and severe illness is discharged from the hospital, physical exercise and daily life should be properly arranged according to the age, physical strength and specific conditions of the illness, so as to avoid excessive mental stress and physical activity, ensure enough sleep and rest time, and combine work and rest, which is beneficial to nerve and blood circulation function and improve exercise tolerance. Obese people can lose weight.
However, uncontrolled patients such as angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, severe hypertension and arrhythmia should be restricted in their activities. Fourth, blood pressure monitoring: blood pressure monitoring of cardiovascular diseases is very important, especially for patients with hypertension, and it should be measured at least once a week.
Attention should be paid to the circadian rhythm and physiological changes of blood pressure. The measured values of different limbs are different, generally taking the right upper arm as the standard. Mental stress should be eliminated before the measurement, and the measurement should be carried out after a rest 10- 15 minutes. Try to measure people regularly, learn the correct measurement methods and judge the measurement results, and record the changes of blood pressure and corresponding conditions.
5. Quit smoking and drinking: Smoking and drinking are common bad habits in this area, which are closely related to diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia and heart failure, especially sudden death coronary heart disease. After abstinence, the risk of illness is obviously reduced, which is an effective preventive measure.
6. Mental health care: Cardiovascular diseases are mostly chronic diseases with long course and various complications, which have different degrees of influence on the quality of life. We should correctly understand the disease, establish an optimistic outlook on life, avoid anxiety, tension and pessimism, and enhance our determination and confidence in fighting the disease.
7. Insist on taking medicine according to the doctor's advice: most cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, etc. Need to take medicine for a long time. Treatment after discharge is an important part of the whole treatment plan of the disease. Patients spend most of their time receiving treatment after discharge, especially those with hypertension. It is dangerous to insist on taking medicine after the blood pressure is controlled normally. Sudden withdrawal of drugs will lead to withdrawal syndrome and aggravate the condition. Pay attention to the name, types, usage, adverse reactions and sources of drugs.
Drugs for cardiovascular diseases are developing rapidly, and the treatment concept is constantly updated. Some traditional drugs are gradually replaced by a series of new drugs because of many side effects and unreliable curative effects, and some even aggravate the condition. For example, patients with coronary heart disease should use dipyridamole with caution, patients with myocardial infarction should use nifedipine with caution, and patients with hypertension should not take compound antihypertensive tablets (or compound apocynum venetum).
These drugs have been replaced by new drugs with good curative effect and less adverse reactions. In addition, it is more noteworthy that you should never take drugs with unreliable quality, and try to buy drugs from regular pharmacies and reputable medical units in regular hospitals.
Eight, regular follow-up: Regular follow-up of cardiovascular diseases is very important, and the doctor will adjust the dosage and type of medication according to your condition. Because the use of drugs for cardiovascular diseases is more complicated, I suggest you go to a hospital with a cardiovascular clinic for a follow-up visit.
If you suddenly have chest tightness, chest pain, headache, dizziness, palpitation, etc. You should go to the hospital in time.
2. How to prevent cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular diseases, also known as circulatory diseases, are a series of diseases involving the circulatory system. The circulatory system refers to the organs and tissues that transport blood in the human body, mainly including the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins and microvessels), which can be subdivided into acute and chronic diseases, generally related to arteriosclerosis.
These diseases all have similar etiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Mainly include: palpitation, dyspnea, cyanosis, dizziness, syncope, fatigue and other symptoms.
Common in coronary heart disease, hypertension, sudden death, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia and other diseases. Four risk factors: obesity, protein deficiency, dietary fiber and salt deficiency.
Prevention: A reasonable diet is very important in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Patients should pay strict attention to the following points in diet: 1. Control cholesterol intake. Studies have proved that the incidence of coronary heart disease in people with high cholesterol is five times higher than that in normal people.
Therefore, patients with cardiovascular diseases should eat less high-cholesterol foods such as animal brain marrow, viscera, egg yolk and crab yolk. 2. Control the quality and quantity of fat intake.
Saturated fatty acids can increase blood cholesterol, and polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce cholesterol, so the intake of saturated fatty acids such as lard and butter should be controlled in the diet. 3. Eat more foods rich in vitamin C, such as vegetables and fruits.
Vitamin C can increase blood vessel elasticity and protect blood vessels. 4. Increase the intake of dietary fiber.
Dietary fiber can absorb cholesterol and prevent it from being absorbed by human body. 5. Limit salt.
A high-salt diet will increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. For people with mild hypertension or family history of hypertension, the salt intake should be controlled below 5 grams per day. For patients with hypertension or complicated heart failure, the daily salt intake should be1~ 2g. 6. Eat less and eat more, avoid overeating, and don't eat too much at dinner, otherwise it will easily induce acute myocardial infarction.
Patients with cardiovascular diseases should also give up smoking, limit alcohol and drink less strong tea, and the following dietetic Chinese medicines can be applied: 1. Eating 1~2 hawthorn every day has the effect of lowering blood pressure. Suitable for patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease.
2. Garlic The effective components of garlic can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis, lower blood lipid and prevent blood coagulation, so it should be eaten regularly. 3. Experiments of seaweed and kelp show that both of them have the effects of lowering blood fat and blood pressure, which can delay the development of arteriosclerosis, and patients with coronary heart disease should take them frequently.
4. Lotus seeds can soothe the nerves and tonify the spleen and kidney. Regular use of this product is beneficial to people with palpitation, upset, insomnia and dreaminess.
5. Longan meat has the functions of nourishing the heart and strengthening the spleen, benefiting qi and enriching blood. 6. Stigma Maydis and Stigma Maydis are decocted in water, which has the functions of pressing and diuresis.
With the improvement of people's living standards in China, the quality of life of residents is also constantly improving. But many people's diet is not scientific, thinking that big fish and big meat is the improvement of quality of life, but it is not.
People's health is different, so is their diet. It is suggested that patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases develop the following eating habits.
1. Increasing fiber in fiber diet can reduce serum cholesterol concentration. Foods rich in dietary fiber mainly include miscellaneous grains, rice bran, wheat bran, dried beans, kelp, vegetables and fruits. 35-45 grams of fiber per day.
Common foods with lipid-lowering function are onion, garlic, mushrooms, fungus, celery and so on. 2. Eat more fish and fish oil. Fish oil can obviously regulate blood lipid and prevent arteriosclerosis.
A large intake of fish oil rich in omega-3 has a positive preventive effect on cardiovascular diseases. International nutrition organizations suggest that people should consume 2,500 kilocalories per day, and correspondingly 0.6- 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA.
Take the middle-aged and elderly fish oil of Hongyangshen as an example. You should take at least 3-5 fish oil capsules with 700mg and 30% content every day to ensure the basic needs of the human body. 3. Eat more soy products. Soybean is rich in many kinds of phospholipids necessary for human body.
Eating more bean products such as bean curd, bean sprouts, dried bean curd and soybean oil is beneficial to human health and can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. 4. In addition, the intake of fat and cholesterol should be reduced appropriately, and the intake of fat should be strictly limited to no more than 30 grams per day or less than 15% of total calories.
Cholesterol intake should be controlled below 200 mg -300 mg per day. Try to avoid eating foods with high cholesterol, such as brain, spinal cord, viscera, egg yolk, shellfish (such as mussels) and mollusks (such as squid, cuttlefish and roe).
Iron is an important element that binds oxygen to heme. In the lungs, the inhaled oxygen is combined with red blood cells and then transported to various organs through blood vessels.
Therefore, as an important tissue part of oxygen supply medium, once the supply can not meet the demand, it will directly lead to the reduction or even disappearance of blood oxygen transport capacity, which will seriously endanger human health. Scientific life 1. Strengthen physical exercise. Exercise every day 1 hour. During exercise, the heart rate should not exceed the difference between 170 and age, or the body is slightly sweaty and not tired, and feels relaxed after exercise. Keep exercising for not less than 5 days a week and persevere.
2. Quit smoking and limit alcohol. Long-term smoking and drinking will interfere with blood lipid metabolism and increase blood lipid. 3. Avoid mental stress, emotional excitement, insomnia, overwork, irregular life, anxiety and depression, etc. to make lipid metabolism disorder.
Middle-aged and elderly people should not play mahjong or chess for a long time, keep calm and try to be less angry. Take drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism as little as possible, such as beta blockers, propranolol, diuretics, dihydrograms, furosemide, steroid hormones, etc. , can raise blood lipids.
Actively treat diseases that affect blood lipid metabolism, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, alcoholism, pancreatitis, lupus erythematosus and so on. , will interfere with blood lipid metabolism. Middle-aged people over 45 years old, obese people, people with a family history of hyperlipidemia, people who often take part in eating, drinking and entertainment, and workers with high mental stress are all high-risk targets. Blood lipid and blood pressure should be checked regularly (at least once a year).
The dietary principles of cardiovascular diseases: cholesterol control: do not eat or eat as little as possible egg yolk, animal brain and viscera, crustaceans, mussels, snails, crabs, etc. Control fat: don't eat or eat less animal oil, eat vegetable oil, peanut oil, sesame oil and corn oil (oily food); Control sugar: don't eat or eat less candy, pumpkin, sucrose and other things with more sugar. Corn corn is rich in fat, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, is as high as 60%.
3. What's not delicious about cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?
About cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diet:
1. Drinking apple juice regularly will reduce the incidence of heart disease. This is because the antioxidants in apple juice are beneficial to the healthy operation of the heart.
2. Eating less is to limit the quantity and variety of food, eat less high-fat and high-cholesterol foods such as fat, fat and animal viscera, and eat less and more salt will lead to sodium and water retention, increase blood volume and increase the burden on the heart.
3. Add more dietary fiber. Cellulose mainly exists in vegetables, such as bamboo shoots, dried plums, celery and leeks. There are more soybeans and oats in food crops. If you consume 26 grams of cellulose every day, you can reduce the risk of heart disease and myocardial infarction in women. Supplement more vitamins, leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin C; Meat, grains, peanuts and yeast are rich in vitamin PP; Oils, beans and vegetables are rich in vitamin E, supplemented with trace elements. Selenium can protect the heart and prevent virus infection, and is the patron saint of the heart.
4. Walnut ranks first among the foods beneficial to the heart.
Foods beneficial to the heart are whole wheat, oats, brown rice, lentils, onions, garlic, mushrooms and eggplant. Fruit: Apples are rich in fiber, which can replenish enough fiber to human body, reduce the incidence of heart disease and lose weight. Bananas are high in potassium, which is good for human heart and muscle function. Cherry can help people protect their heart health. Blackberry, the fiber content in the same weight of blackberry is more than three times that of other fruits, which is beneficial to heart health. The chemical structure of goose and duck meat is very close to olive oil, which is good for the heart, especially for the elderly. Chicken is recognized as the "best source of protein", and the elderly and children should supplement it in time. Remember to drink fresh soup after eating meat. The best quality Tang Fei chicken soup, especially hen soup, also has the function of preventing and treating colds and bronchitis, especially in winter and spring, which is better to drink now.
5. Patients with heart disease should not eat watermelon with more water content, so as not to increase the burden on the heart. Persimmon, mango, papaya, peach, banana, cantaloupe, strawberry, kiwi, lemon, pomegranate and orange should all be eaten. These fruits are rich in potassium, which can prevent the accumulation of sodium in the body, thus preventing diseases such as hypertension.
Step 6 Exercise moderately
Take an active part in moderate exercise. Keeping regular and proper exercise is conducive to enhancing heart function and promoting normal metabolism, especially for promoting fat metabolism and preventing atherosclerosis. For patients with heart disease, according to heart function and physical strength, engaging in moderate physical activity is helpful to improve blood circulation, enhance resistance, improve the function of various organs in the whole body and prevent thrombosis. However, excessive activity should also be avoided. In order not to cause symptoms, the amount of activity should be gradually increased.
Live a regular life
Develop healthy living habits. Live a regular life and be happy, avoiding emotional excitement and overwork.
Excessive iron is harmful to the heart.
High-fat breakfast is easy to induce heart disease, so you should eat more low-fat foods such as yogurt, fruit and cereal.
Patients with heart disease should not take too much calcium.
First, nuts:
Nuts such as almonds and peanuts are rich in amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial to the heart.
Can reduce the risk of heart disease.
Second, coix seed:
Coix seed, a water-soluble fiber, can accelerate the liver to eliminate cholesterol and protect heart health.
Third, black sesame:
Black sesame contains unsaturated fatty acids and lecithin, which can maintain vascular elasticity and prevent arteriosclerosis.
Fourth, soybeans:
Soybean contains many essential amino acids, most of which are unsaturated fatty acids, which can promote the metabolism of fat and cholesterol in the body.
Five, corn:
Corn oil contains unsaturated fatty acids and up to 60% flax oleic acid, which is a good cholesterol absorbent. Corn in Chinese medicine has diuretic effect, which helps to stabilize blood pressure.
Six, potatoes:
This kind of food contains more vitamin C, sodium, potassium and iron. Especially potassium, which contains 502 mg per 100 g, is a rare high-potassium vegetable. Patients with heart disease, especially those with cardiac insufficiency, are often accompanied by hypokalemia. Eating potatoes regularly can not only supplement potassium, but also sugar, protein, minerals and vitamins.
Seven, spinach:
This product is rich in folic acid and can effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases. In addition, iron and trace elements in spinach can also play a role in enriching blood.
Eight, celery:
Celery contains apigenin, which can protect cardiovascular function. Eat celery with leaves, because leaves are the essence of nutrition. Vitamin C in leaves is higher than that in stems, and it is rich in plant nutrients with high nutritional value. Celery is also a food rich in cellulose. The latest research results show that eating more foods rich in cellulose can reduce the risk of heart attack.
Nine, fungus:
Edible fungi can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and accelerate cholesterol excretion. In addition, auricularia auricula contains anti-platelet coagulation substances, which have a good health care effect on arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and obstructive stroke.
Ten, kelp:
Kelp is a soluble fiber, which is more easily decomposed, absorbed and utilized by the large intestine than ordinary plant fiber, so it can accelerate the excretion of harmful substances such as cholesterol, prevent thrombosis and increase of blood viscosity, and prevent arteriosclerosis.