1958, in order to cope with the military provocation and war threat of the United States, Mao Zedong issued a call to organize militia divisions, and militia organizations were generally established in rural areas and cities throughout the country.
From June 65438 to June 962, Mao Zedong instructed that "militia work should be implemented organizationally, politically and militarily", which promoted the healthy development of militia work. During the "Cultural Revolution", although the leadership system and management system of the militia were seriously disturbed and destroyed, due to the correct leadership of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries, the militia construction still made progress.
1976 10 the central military commission timely rectified and restored the traditional leadership system and management system of the militia. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh China Producers' Party, with the shift of the focus of national work, the reform of urban and rural economic system and the change of the guiding ideology of national defense construction, the organizational construction, military training and political education of the militia have been adjusted and reformed accordingly, and the weapons and equipment have been continuously improved.
On May 3, 65438+ 1984, the new Military Service Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated, which further established the system of combining militia and reserve.
1990 65438+On February 24th, the State Council and the Central Military Commission promulgated the newly revised Regulations on Militia Work, which clearly defined the tasks, guiding principles, organizational construction, political work, military training, weapons and equipment, combat readiness and other aspects of militia work, and promoted the all-round development of militia work. This is of far-reaching significance to enhance people's national defense concept, further strengthen the construction of national defense reserve forces and safeguard national peace and social stability.
The contemporary China militia, after more than 40 years of construction, has made great achievements. Under the leadership of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, the leading bodies of militia at all levels have been established and improved, and a relatively complete leading system of militia organizations has been formed from top to bottom.
The general staff department is responsible for the militia work throughout the country; The military region is responsible for the militia work in the region according to the tasks entrusted by its superiors; Provincial military regions, military sub-regions and county people's armed forces departments are the leading and commanding organs of local militia; Villages, towns, streets, enterprises and institutions have people's armed forces departments, which are responsible for militia work.
Local people's governments at all levels also lead the militia work, organize and supervise the completion of militia work tasks. The tasks of militia work are:
1. Establish and consolidate militia organizations, improve the military and political quality of militia, equip and manage militia weapons and equipment, and reserve reserve soldiers needed in wartime.
2, mobilize the militia to participate in socialist modernization, organize the militia to undertake combat readiness service, and maintain social order.
3. Organize militia to join the army and participate in the war, support the front line, resist aggression and defend the motherland. Militia is divided into backbone militia and ordinary militia. Soldiers discharged from active service under the age of 28 and citizens who have received basic training are incorporated into the backbone militia; The remaining male citizens aged 18-35 who were not incorporated into the backbone militia were incorporated into the ordinary militia; Female citizens join the backbone militia as needed. The militia is organized according to the principles of being conducive to leadership, activities and tasks. In rural areas, administrative villages are generally organized into companies or camps; Cities are organized into rows, companies, camps and regiments with enterprises, institutions and streets as units. The backbone militia are organized separately into classes, platoons, companies, battalions or regiments according to the number of people. According to the needs of combat readiness and existing weapons and equipment, the militia professional and technical detachment will be established. In key civil air defense cities, transportation hubs and important targets. , will form a militia anti-aircraft artillery battalion, regiment.
Militia training, in accordance with the "militia military training program" issued by the General Staff Department, organized and implemented by the county people's armed forces department. The backbone militia who have not served in active service, aged 18-20, participated in military training for 30-40 days. The training time of professional and technical soldiers should be appropriately extended according to actual needs. There is a militia military training base in the county, and the militia is trained in a standardized way. The weapons and equipment of the militia are uniformly planned by the General Staff. The national militia are equipped with rifles, submachine guns, light and heavy machine guns, anti-aircraft guns, anti-aircraft guns, ground guns and anti-tank weapons. The political education of the militia is mainly combined with organizational rectification, military training, conscription and major festivals.
In peacetime, according to the ideological reality of the militia, we should do a good job in ideological and political work, improve the consciousness of training soldiers and practicing martial arts, and mobilize the militia to take the lead in the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization. Mobilize militia to join the army in wartime, support the front line, organize militia to carry out activities such as killing and disintegrating the enemy, and ensure the completion of combat and logistics tasks. Contemporary militia in China have spread all over urban and rural areas, and have professional technical units such as anti-aircraft guns, ground guns, communications, chemical defense, engineering, reconnaissance, navy and air force, which can perform combat tasks at any time.
In the socialist revolution and modernization, the militia inherited and carried forward the glorious tradition of the revolutionary war years. This is not only a combat team fighting against the enemy, but also a commando team on the production front. Not only did it play an important role in liberating coastal islands, exterminating bandits, maintaining social order, suppressing counter-revolutionary riots, resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, and all previous self-defense counterattacks, but it also established a joint defense between the military and the people with the People's Liberation Army, and cooperated with and supported the People's Liberation Army to complete the sacred task of defending the motherland.
According to the incomplete statistics of Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and other provinces 1 1, in the fight against bandits in 1950- 1953, more than 850,000 people participated in the battle 10. More than 70,000 times, 30 bandits were wiped out. More than 40,000 people seized 32 weapons. More than 30 thousand pieces, especially the militia, have become the main force in detecting and chasing bandits.
1950- 1979, a small number of armed agents, 104, 827 people, were annihilated by the militia alone or with the army. Combating criminal activities is a regular task of the militia. 1953- 196 1 year, militia throughout the country assisted public security organs, cracked criminal cases1390,000, and arrested more than 990,000 criminals. In the anti-criminal activities carried out by 1983, 2.38 million militiamen were mobilized nationwide.
Militia often plays a leading role in the great cause of developing production, emergency rescue and disaster relief, afforestation and building socialist material and spiritual civilization. For example, after the Tangshan earthquake in July, 1976, there were 1 520,000 militiamen in Tangshan city and its nearby counties, forming a1rescue team. Together with the China People's Liberation Army, 30,000 people rescued 37 people. More than 70,000 people were transferred to escort the wounded 17. 60 thousand people. 1983 In the summer, the Yangtze River was flooded, and several provinces along the Yangtze River mobilized millions of militiamen to participate in the flood fighting, among which only Hubei Province had 19 1. 90,000 militiamen participated in emergency rescue and disaster relief, accounting for 64% of the total number of people fighting floods in the province, from 15. 290,000 militiamen organized into 4,864 commandos, reinforced dikes for 540 kilometers, and eliminated dangerous situations 1000.
In the summer of 199 1, a rare flood disaster occurred in some parts of the country. According to the statistics of 15 provinces and cities, there are 1 1 10,000 militiamen who participated in flood fighting and disaster relief, rescued more than 2 million people, rescued more than 0.93 million tons of materials/kloc-0, and reinforced tens of thousands of kilometers of dams. 1987 in may, a serious forest fire broke out in Daxinganling, Heilongjiang province, and the militia mobilized. 90,000 people, forming 74 fire fighting commandos, were praised by the fire fighting headquarters.
The broad masses of militia also actively responded to the government's call and took the lead in planting trees, with remarkable achievements. By 1984, only the militia in Gansu province had planted10.34 million mu, accounting for 63% of the afforestation area in the province. The history of China's reserves
China attaches great importance to the construction of military reserve forces. During the revolutionary war, organizations such as the Red Guards, the Self-Defense Forces and the Militia were established. These mass armed forces not only cooperated with the army to fight, protect the masses, defend production and local political power, but also shouldered the task of supplementing the army's strength and made great contributions to winning the revolutionary war.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Military Service Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated in 1955, which clearly stipulated the establishment of a reserve system. Soldiers' reserve registration was widely implemented throughout the country, and pilot registration of reserve officers was carried out in some areas. 1984 The military service law promulgated again put forward the system of combining militia with reserve, which made the reserve have a new development.
According to the provisions of the Military Service Law, citizens should serve in active service according to law, and soldiers, officers and other eligible citizens who have retired from active service should be reserved for oral use at a specified age; Serving in active service and reserve service is a military service obligation that citizens must fulfill; Militia is the basic organizational form of reserve; Reserve is divided into soldier reserve and officer reserve. Soldiers' reserve members include: all militiamen and male citizens who have registered for reserve service and meet the requirements of soldiers' reserve service.
Among them, the backbone militia, retired soldiers under the age of 28 who have registered for reserve service and local professional and technical personnel are the first type of soldier reserve; Ordinary militia, retired soldiers aged 29-35 and other male citizens who have registered for reserve service are the second type of soldier reserve. Those who have served in the first type of soldier reserve shall be transferred to the second type of soldier reserve as needed. The officers' reserve includes: officers who have retired from active service and transferred to reserve service, retired soldiers who have been confirmed to serve in the officers' reserve service, college graduates, full-time people's armed cadres, militia cadres, cadres in non-military departments and professional and technical personnel. All kinds of reserve officers who have reached the maximum age for reserve service according to regulations shall be discharged from the reserve service.
In order to meet the needs of rapid mobilization of the army under modern conditions, the state has established reserve forces, which are divided into active service forces and arms reserve forces. They are composed of reservists and a small number of active-duty soldiers, equipped with a certain amount of weapons and equipment, and carry out military and political training in a planned way at ordinary times, and can be quickly transferred to active-duty troops to carry out combat tasks in wartime. Reserve personnel have played a great role in previous self-defense counterattacks, maintaining social order, emergency rescue and disaster relief, and are an important force in building socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization.