1) Enhance immunity.
Bioactive peptides such as interferon and interleukin can activate and regulate the immune response of the body and significantly improve the proliferation ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Animal experiments and clinical studies have proved that thymosin 5 plays an important role in regulating the immune function of patients with low immunity and autoimmune diseases.
Another study showed that some small peptides produced by hydrolysis of protein had immune activity. They can not only enhance the body's immunity, but also stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes and enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages. These immunoreactive peptides can interact with intestinal mucosal nodules and lymphoid tissues, and can also enter the blood to interact with peripheral lymphocytes. In addition, small molecular peptides can also enhance the vitality of liver cells, effectively regulate the function of T lymphocyte subsets, enhance humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and fundamentally improve human immunity, which is an effective preparation for treating and preventing various liver diseases.
Li Xiaoyu and other studies have found that enzymatic hydrolysis of ovalbumin peptides can activate the immune system, significantly increase the number and activity of lymphocytes, and significantly promote the function of B cells (antibody production) and the proliferation of T lymphocytes.
2) Antibacterial and antiviral
The first antibacterial peptide found in the world is cecropin, which is a polypeptide with antibacterial activity produced by Swedish scientist Boman et al. after inducing wild silkworm with Bacillus cereus in 1980. It was named cecropin. Subsequently, many antimicrobial peptides were found in other organisms, such as magainins, melittin, defensins and so on. At present, there are more than 1200 kinds of antimicrobial peptides known in the world. At first, people found that this kind of active peptide has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency bactericidal activity against bacteria, so it was named antibacterial peptide.
The research results at home and abroad show that antibacterial peptides not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial ability, but also have a powerful killing effect on some bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and cancer cells. Clinical trials also show that when the body is infected with bacteria or may lead to bacterial infection, antibacterial peptides can quickly kill the invading bacteria and prevent the bacteria from continuing to infect. Since the discovery of antibacterial peptides, people have done a lot of research on the mechanism of antibacterial peptides. At present, it is known that antimicrobial peptides act on bacterial cell membranes and kill microorganisms by increasing the permeability of cell membranes.
Due to the global abuse of antibiotics, more and more bacteria may develop into strains resistant to traditional antibiotics. People are eager to find drugs that can replace traditional antibiotics, so antimicrobial peptides have been widely valued.
3) anti-oxidation and anti-aging.
Antioxidant peptides are a kind of natural active peptides that have been widely studied in recent years. They can effectively remove excess active oxygen free radicals in the body, protect the normal structure of cell membrane and mitochondria and prevent lipid peroxidation. Oxidation is closely related to human natural aging and the occurrence and development of many diseases such as cancer, diabetes, arteriosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
The most studied are antioxidant peptides, such as carnosine and glutathione. Carnosine is a natural dipeptide rich in animal muscle. It can inhibit lipid oxidation catalyzed by iron, hemoglobin, lipid oxidase and monopeptide oxygen in vitro.
Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine.
Glutathione has many biological functions, such as
It can protect cell membrane from free radical oxidation damage;
It can protect the -SH group in the enzyme molecule, which is beneficial to the activity of the enzyme, and can restore the active function of the -SH group in the damaged enzyme molecule, so that the enzyme can regain its activity;
Can protect hemoglobin from hydrogen peroxide oxidation, free radical oxidation, etc., so that it can continue to play a normal role in oxygen transport;
Can inhibit fatty liver caused by ethanol invading the liver;
Can combine with toxic compounds, heavy metal ions or carcinogens that enter the body, promote their excretion, and play a role in neutralizing and detoxifying;
It can relieve symptoms such as leukopenia caused by radiation, radiopharmaceuticals or antineoplastic drugs.
It can reduce the occurrence of pigmentation, prevent and delay the appearance of senile plaque, etc.
In recent years, antioxidant peptides derived from food proteins have attracted the attention of scientists at home and abroad because of their good antioxidant activity and high safety. Soybean polypeptide is a kind of food-borne bioactive peptide which has been studied a lot at present. Studies have shown that soybean bioactive peptides not only have many physiological functions, such as inhibiting blood pressure increase, anti-fatigue, enhancing immune function and lowering cholesterol, but also have good antioxidant effect. Rong Jianhua and others found that soybean protein isolate was hydrolyzed by neutral protease, and the hydrolysate had strong antioxidant activity, and it had obvious scavenging effect on OH in the concentration range of 0. 1~250mg/ml.
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