First, the types of single sentences
A simple sentence is a sentence composed of a phrase or a word. It can be divided into subject-predicate sentences and non-subject-predicate sentences.
1, subject-predicate sentence: a sentence with a certain tone composed of subject-predicate phrases.
For example:
(1) The coffee table is smooth and shiny.
He is very healthy.
2. Non-subject-predicate sentences: composed of other phrases or single phrases other than subject-predicate phrases.
For example:
(1) plane!
(2) stop! Someone knocked at the door.
Second, several special simple sentences
In subject-predicate sentences, verb predicates are complex and diverse, and some sentence patterns are special in structure and expression: ba sentence, bei sentence, serial sentence, concurrent sentence, yes sentence and existential sentence.
1, ba sentence
"Ba" sentence is a subject-predicate sentence. The predicate in a sentence is generally a transitive verb, and it cannot be a single verb, but a combination of a single phrase and a verb.
For example:
We killed the leopard.
[2] Guo Quanhai chased Yu Yan back.
2. Bei sentence
Passive sentences are sentences in which the subject accepts actions. The subject in the passive sentence is the patient, the preposition "Bei" leads the initiative, and the object-object phrase composed of the word "Bei" is used as an adverbial in the sentence.
For example:
The leopard was killed [by us].
Sometimes there is only the preposition "Bei" in a sentence, and there is no active person (the object of Bei), such as:
Bruno was burned alive in Rome's Baihua Square.
The typical structure of "Ba" sentence and "Bei" word is "subject+adverbial+verb+complement", and "Jiao", "Rang" and "Gei" are often used to replace "Bei" in spoken language.
3. Serial sentences
Serial sentences are sentences with short serial sentences as predicates. The predicate of a serial sentence is to use two verb phrases (rarely a single verb). The two verb phrases are not components of each other, but both * * * are predicates, but they have semantic relations of purpose and mode, cause and effect, and first and last. Therefore, the position order of phrases cannot be reversed, and there can be no phonetic pause in the middle.
For example:
He collected some dried moss and boiled water to drink. (purpose)
With the will to survive, he still struggled to crawl. (mode)
Due to long-term overwork, Miss Li finally fell ill and was hospitalized. (Causality)
To sum up, there are three main points to judge whether a sentence is a serial sentence:
First, you must use two verbs to state a subject.
Second, these two verb phrases are not components of each other, but have a purpose, a way, a reason, a result, and a front, and their positions cannot be interchanged.
Third, there should be no phonetic pause between two verb phrases.
4. Combined imprisonment
Part-time sentences are sentences with part-time phrases as the predicate. It has the following characteristics:
First of all, the predicate of the concurrent sentence is the object of the passive object and also acts as the subject of the subject-predicate phrase.
For example:
⑴ "Runtu" is both the object of "Jiao" and the subject of "Zuo", so it is called a part-time language because of its dual functions.
Second, the part-time sentence has the meaning of command, so the first predicate in the sentence mostly acts as an imperative verb. Common imperative verbs are: make, make, call, send, command, command, prohibition, demand, election, teach, persuade, call, etc. In addition, the preceding predicate can also be the word "you".
For example:
Everyone unanimously elected Xiaoping as the representative.
I have a younger brother who will go to college this year.
Third, the predicate (the second verb) of the concurrent sentence is the purpose or result of the previous action. In other words, the two verbs before and after the part of speech are semantically related.
For example:
The nurse told him to call a doctor at once. ("Call a doctor" is the purpose of "calling him". )
This reminds us of the style of pine trees.
The predicate "think" in the sentence is the result of the previous verb "make".
Serial sentences can describe several actions of a person continuously; And sentences can describe several actions of several people continuously. Serial sentences can be expanded and used in two languages. Part-time sentences can also be extended, and part-time phrases move one after another.
For example:
[6] Uncle | Call me.
Mom | Tell your little sister not to ride her bike.
5. Yes sentences
"Shi" sentence refers to a sentence composed of the verb "Shi". In the yes sentence, the role of "yes" is to judge the relationship between subject and object. There are two relationships between subject and object, one is the same relationship, and the other is the subordinate relationship. The same relationship is a reciprocal relationship, and the general "definition" is this relationship, that is, A = B.
For example:
(1) A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four equal angles.
Subordination means that subject belongs to object, that is, object is a big category, and subject is one of them.
For example:
Reader's Digest is a magazine.
6. Existential sentences
Sentences that express the existence, appearance and disappearance of people and things are existential sentences. Existential sentences have three characteristics:
First of all, the subject is usually a locative word or a time word.
For example:
There are two soldiers standing at the door.
(2) The presidium is sitting on the stage.
Secondly, the predicates of existential sentences are mostly verbs that indicate existence, generation and disappearance, that is, they do not indicate action, but only indicate the continuity of the state generated by action.
For example:
A bright moon rises on the sea. (indicating appearance)
There are happy sheep everywhere. (indicating existence)
Third, the object of existential sentences is often the sender of the action. So some existential sentences can be converted into general subject-predicate sentences.
For example:
There are two soldiers standing in the doorway-two soldiers standing at the door.
[6] The presidium is sitting on the stage-the presidium is sitting on the stage.
Third, the complexity and analysis of single sentences
Every component of a simple sentence is expressed in words, and this simple sentence is simple. If a compound word acts as a component of a sentence, then the simple sentence is complex. This is the same as a complex phrase. Complex simple sentences can be classified into two categories:
1. The subject of a simple sentence is a phrase or a compound word.
For example:
Comrade Bethune's spirit of benefiting others at all costs inspires us. (The subject is served by an affirmative sentence)
They are the outstanding flowers of all the great men in the world. (The object is acted as a modifier phrase)
2. The additional elements of a single sentence are very complicated.
For example:
This is the work of (my old friend). (Attributive acts as the correct phrase)
⑵ 1949 10 year 10 month/day, Chairman Mao solemnly declared to the people all over the world from Tiananmen Gate: "The people of China and the country have been established!" (Adverbial is acted by multiple phrases)
Our classmates came (from all over the country). (Prepositional phrases act as complements)
3. Other sentences are composed of complex sentences.
For example:
I believe that everything about Lei Feng not only pointed out the correct way of life for us, but also strengthened our courage to resolutely fight against all old ideas and habits.
When analyzing complex simple sentences, we need to find out the trunk first. The trunk of a single sentence refers to the remaining part of a sentence after all the attributes, adverbials and complements are compressed, that is, subject (or the center of subject)+verb (or the center of verb)+object (or the center of object). Finding the trunk of a sentence is often a good way to check a sick sentence.
The specific steps of analyzing sentences are as follows:
The first step is to use "|" to express the subject-predicate sentence and divide the subject-predicate sentence. "|" is preceded by the subject and followed by the predicate. Such as (1) and (2) above.
The second step is to analyze the subject before | and the predicate after |.
For example:
(1) (Mr. Lu Xun's first) feature | is (his political) foresight.
(2) [Recently] Beijing People's Broadcasting Station | [Also] broadcasted a symphony poem (on Beijing Hutong) by Aaron Afsha Lomov.
Generally speaking, sentence analysis here is enough. If a component is a compound word (such as the subject of example (2)), it can be reanalyzed by frame graphic method.
For example:
Aaron Afshalov's Beijing Hutong Symphony Poems
———┬————— ———┬———— —┬—
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │.
...│ ........................................................................................................................................................................
...└————————————┘
Analyzing a sentence and clarifying its structure can not only better understand the meaning of the sentence, but also check whether the collocation between components is appropriate and whether the sentence is complete.