Wei Xu, vice president of the hospital, said that apart from the inevitable gene mutation, the causes of fetal malformation are also related to environmental pollution, viruses, reproductive tract infectious diseases, eating habits and pregnancy season.
Fetal malformation not only causes great burden to family and society, but also brings mental and physical pain to pregnant women. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of deformed children, we must start from the source. Dean Xu said:
First of all, we should take premarital medical examination seriously. Some diseases found through examination, such as hepatitis B and sexually transmitted diseases, will affect the health of future generations and cause fetal malformation. You can't get pregnant until you are cured.
Second, do a good job in pre-pregnancy, don't get pregnant blindly, do a good job in planned pregnancy, and carry out some necessary tests, such as rubella virus testing. Rubella virus infection can lead to fetal congenital heart disease and congenital deafness, and rubella virus infection can be prevented by vaccination. You can take "Silian" folic acid tablets in the first three months of pregnancy to prevent fetal neural tube malformation.
Third, avoid pregnancy in spring and winter. There are many viruses in spring and winter, and the incidence of fetal malformation in spring and winter is significantly higher than that in summer and autumn.
Fourth, establish a perinatal health card immediately after pregnancy and check it regularly. /kloc-Down's screening can be done from 0/4 to 20 weeks, and B-ultrasound can be done before 28 weeks. These tests can find out whether the fetus is abnormal in the early pregnancy.
Fifth, prevent reproductive tract infectious diseases. Reproductive tract infectious diseases are mainly caused by unclean sex, so it is necessary to standardize sex and treat those who have been diagnosed in time. Pregnant women should seek medical advice in time if they find abnormal secretion. They should not refuse to take medicine or even avoid medical treatment because they are pregnant.
Guarantee the right of newborn screening.
Every couple wants a healthy baby, and every parent wants their children to grow up healthily and have a bright future in the future. However, due to genetic and environmental factors, there are about 4 ~ 6 congenital defects in every 100 newborn. Some of these defects are caused by genetic factors, including single gene abnormality and chromosome abnormality, and some are influenced by multiple factors of heredity and environment. There are 800,000 ~ 6.5438+200,000 new birth defects in China every year. This not only brings pain to the family, but also brings heavy burden to the family and society.
Among birth defects, there are congenital and hereditary metabolic diseases. Children seem to be healthy at birth, but in the following days or months, they may have feeding difficulties, convulsions, paroxysmal vomiting, lethargy or coma, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, muscle tone changes, mental retardation, and even death. In the face of this disease, should we wait for the onset of the disease and treat it when there is a serious disease, or take preventive measures to avoid the occurrence of the disease? With the development of science, it is now possible to conduct rapid and sensitive laboratory investigations on some serious genetic and metabolic diseases in newborns with normal birth appearance. The purpose is to screen those sick newborns before the clinical symptoms appear or when the symptoms are mild, so as to diagnose and treat them early and avoid mental retardation and serious organ damage.
Neonatal screening has attracted international attention. The experience of preventing and treating hereditary metabolic diseases in various countries shows that the reversibility of neurological and mental disabilities caused by previous treatment of patients who have already developed diseases is very poor. The benefits of prevention of hereditary metabolic diseases are much higher than those of post-onset treatment. The focus of prevention and treatment is in the neonatal period, which can effectively reduce the disability rate of patients and avoid serious harm caused by diseases.
Screening of neonatal diseases in China began in the early 1980s, and was first carried out by Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Medicine and Shanghai Xinhua Hospital in 198 1. Screening for hereditary metabolic diseases of newborn is to collect blood several days after the baby is born, drop it on filter paper, detect related metabolites and judge whether there are related hereditary metabolic diseases. Neonatal screening has been carried out and popularized in Shanghai since 1990. Up to now, more than 2 million newborns have been screened, and the number of screening diseases has increased from the initial two to the current four. Through the further diagnosis and treatment of the detected patients, nearly 1,000 patients have avoided mental retardation and other disabilities, avoided the onset of diseases, and achieved good social and economic benefits.
Although the screening of neonatal diseases has been included in the Maternal and Child Health Care Law of the People's Republic of China, it is legally confirmed that every newborn has the right to screen diseases. However, due to the imbalance of economic and cultural development, at present, except for a few coastal provinces and cities, the overall screening rate of neonatal hereditary metabolic diseases in China is still not high. Many parents have not realized the importance of screening (that is, before the onset, they will seek medical advice everywhere, not just for their children). Therefore, parents who are about to become parents are urged to pay attention to the screening of neonatal diseases, and timely screen genetic and metabolic diseases after the birth of your child, so as to diagnose or exclude related genetic and metabolic diseases at an early stage.