Tianmu Mountain was called "Floating Jade" and "Eye of the Sky" in ancient times. According to documents, the name of Tianmu began in Han Dynasty and became famous in Liang Dynasty. The elevation of Daxianding in Dongfeng is1480m, and that of Xianrending in Xifeng is1506m. According to "Yuanhe County Records", Tianmu has two peaks, each with a pool, which is opposite to the left and right. It is like two giant eyes looking up at the sky, so it is called Tianmu.
forest
West Tianmu Mountain enjoys the titles of "Natural Botanical Garden" and "Tree Kingdom". 1986 was promoted to national forest and wildlife nature reserve. 1996 joined the UNESCO "Man and Biosphere (MAB)" network and became a world-class protected area. It is the only forest and wildlife nature reserve in Zhejiang Province that has joined the MAB network. The nature reserve was awarded "National Popular Science Education Base" and "National Youth Science and Technology Education Base" by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Ministry of Science and Technology and other units. It is also the only nature reserve in China that has been awarded the title of "Two Bases" at the same time. Located at 3 1 km in Lin 'an District, Hangzhou, it is a natural stunner endowed by nature. The vegetation coverage rate of West Tianmu Mountain is over 95%, and the forest landscape is unique, which is known as "ancient, large, high, rare, abundant and beautiful".
Ancient: There are many Paleozoic plants, such as wild ancient ginkgo, fragrant fruit tree, Lingchunmu, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, tapiscia sinensis wood and so on. According to "Flora of China", Ginkgo biloba is a rare tree species left over from Mesozoic, and it is a special product of our country. Only West Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province has wild ginkgo forest. Known as the "living fossil".
West Tianmu Mountain (5 photos)
Big: Tianmu Mountain is famous for its "canopy of trees". It has a rare Cryptomeria fortunei community in the world. There are thousands of big trees that need more than three people to hug. The largest DBH is 226 cm, the height of the tree is 44 meters, and the volume of each tree exceeds 80 cubic meters.
G: There is the highest money pine in China, which is more than 60 meters high. It is known as the "soaring tree". There are countless trees over 40 meters.
West Tianmu Mountain (4 photos)
Rare: There are many endemic species in Tianmu Mountain, among which Tianmu Tiemu is the first, and there are only six species in the world, which are called "the only son of the earth". There are 37 species of plants named after Tianmu, such as Chlorella, Euphorbia, Scorpio, Cirsium japonicum, Pteris, Fritillaria, Impatiens and so on. There are 38 species of rare plants and 52 species of animals under state protection. The protected plants in Tianmu Mountain account for 64% of the protected plants in Zhejiang Province. There are 56 species of model herbs collected by experts at home and abroad from Tianmu Mountain, which is called "model herbarium".
Many: There are many kinds of plants, including 246 families, 974 genera and 265,438+060 species of higher plants.
Beauty: There are many kinds of plants, which constitute a spectacular forest picture. There are thousands of trees in Qian Shan, and the four seasons are beautiful. In spring, Mulan reports spring, wild cherry blossoms are in full bloom, red and white set each other off, fresh and tender; In summer, the ground is paved, the cool wind blows gently, the waterfalls flow in the spring, and the white bones are quiet; In autumn, green leaves, ancient temples and light forests, misty mountains and purple, are beautifully intertwined; In the middle of winter, Yushu silver flowers and wintersweet are in full bloom, and the smoke forest has long sleeves, and the clouds compete for snow.
If Huangshan Mountain is "full of strange pines and rocks all over the world" and Lushan Mountain is "the best in the world", then West Tianmu Mountain is "the trees are full of flowers and the Kyushu is heard".
Tianmu Mountain is divided into East Tianmu Mountain and West Tianmu Mountain. Among them, West Tianmu Mountain is known as the "Strange Mountain in the South of the Yangtze River", with 4 streams, 5 pools, 6 holes, 7 streams, 8 stations, 9 pools 12 rock and 28 peaks, which constitute a wonderful landscape picture. The four characters "Wonders of the World" inscribed by Gu Jincang, a Zhejiang scholar in the Qing Dynasty, are an incisive summary of the West Tianmu Mountain.
Among many famous mountains in China, West Tianmu Mountain has a unique position. If Huangshan Mountain is strange, Huashan Mountain is dangerous and Taishan Mountain is dangerous.
West Tianmu Mountain (3 photos)
If Lu Xiong and Lushan Mountain are famous for their beauty, then West Tianmu Mountain is famous for its trees. West Tianmu Mountain has a rare Cryptomeria fortunei community in the world and has always been known as the "Kingdom of Big Trees". There are 26 orders, 2 13 families of insects, among which 45 species are named after Tianmu. It is rare that there are so many model insect specimens and insects named after Tianmu Mountain.
The weather is beautiful and the Lingshan is ten miles deep. Tianmu Mountain has beautiful natural scenery, four distinct seasons and extremely cool summer. Known as the "Kingdom of Big Trees" and "Cool World", it is an emerald in the "Golden Triangle" of the Yangtze River, a land of range rover in ancient and modern times. West Tianmu Mountain is not only a treasure house of plants, but also a rare tourist attraction with strange peaks and rocks, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate.
brief introduction
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If Huangshan Mountain is "all over the world" and Lushan Mountain is "the best in the world", then West Tianmu Mountain is a "big tree"
Gai Hua is famous for Kyushu, so it enjoys the titles of "Natural Botanical Garden" and "Tree Kingdom".
West Tianmu Mountain has 4 streams, 5 pools, 6 caves, 7 streams, 8 stations, 9 pools 12 rocks, 27 rocks and 28 peaks. It has been a famous religious mountain and tourist attraction since ancient times. The State Council 1986 was declared as a national nature reserve, and 1996 was accepted as a man and biosphere nature reserve by UNESCO, which is a rare "treasure house of species genes".
West Tianmu Mountain is a national forest and wildlife nature reserve, located at 3 1 km in Lin 'an District, Hangzhou, and is a natural stunner endowed by nature.
West Tianmu Mountain, known as the "Natural Botanical Garden", is home to more than 2,000 kinds of plants. The scenery in the forest is famous for its antiquity, scale, height and rarity. There are Mesozoic relics here, wild ginkgo trees known as "living fossils", 400 Cryptomeria fortunei with a diameter of more than 2 meters, and precious tree species such as Heng, Song and the only child in the earth with a height of 56 meters. It is also a paradise for birds and animals, with hundreds of species of birds and animals, including more than 30 endangered animals such as clouded leopard and muntjac. Tianmu Mountain is also an insect world, with 26 orders, 2 13 families, among which 45 species are named after Tianmu Mountain. It is rare that there are so many model insect specimens and insects named after Tianmu Mountain.
The weather is beautiful and the Lingshan is ten miles deep. Tianmu Mountain has beautiful natural scenery and is also a famous Buddhist mountain. The main attractions are Zen source ancient temple.
West Tianmu Mountain (3 photos)
Taizi'an Scenic Resort Scenic Area, Kaishan Old Museum.
Tianmu Mountain has dense forests and a cool climate, with an average temperature of 25 degrees in midsummer. It is another summer resort near Hangzhou, and it is also a holy place of Taoism, with the reputation of the 34th hole of Taoism.
According to legend, in ancient times, there was a moon pool on the east and west peaks. The water in the pool is clear and transparent, and the drought does not dry up, just like two eyes looking up at the sky, hence the name "Tianmu".
In addition to the tree view of "Ten Miles in Different Days", Mountain Yuanyang also has ancient temples, Zen Temple, Lion Rock, upside-down lotus, Woniu Stone, Simian Peak, Xiguan Longtan and other scenic spots, as well as historical sites related to Xiao Tong, the eldest son of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties, such as Ziwutai, Taizi'an Scenic Resort Scenic Area, "Eye-washing Pool" and "Xiazhai of Zhaoming Temple". Tianmu Mountain has a high forest density and a cool climate. The average temperature in midsummer is 25℃, and the highest temperature is only 32℃. It is a summer resort with "no fans during the day and no quilts at night". The Zen Temple is located at the southern foot of West Tianmu Mountain.
Species photos of West Tianmu Mountain (19 photos)
Here, the peaks are arched and the ancient trees are hidden. The temple is located under the peaks of Zhaoming, Xuri, Cuiwei and Yanghe, and was originally the former site of Shuangqing Village. There are seven-star stone, Panlong Bridge, Yuhua Pavilion, natural residence and so on on the east side of the temple. Fairy is elegant. Under the Panlong Bridge, a mountain stream winds down, and the stream is clear and sparkling. Lion Rock Lion Rock is named after "the cliff stone stands tall and looks like a lion". The rock is abrupt, like a lion with its head held high, and there is a depression inside, like the lion's mouth, so it is also called the lion's mouth. It is said that the lion's mouth is the place where the peak Zen master meditated in the Yuan Dynasty. Standing at the lion's mouth and looking west, you can see the elephant trunk peak and incense burner peak. The elephant trunk peak is steep and towering, with stone milk hanging like an elephant trunk. The incense burner peak is lonely and empty, with clouds and smoke. The upside-down lotus flower goes down from the Laoshan Hall to the east, with green walls and green peaks, standing like a knife and axe. The top of the mountain is like a lotus seed, hence the name "upside down lotus". The upside-down lotus has a beautiful scenery, and the steep stone peaks rise above the jungle, facing the middle canyon, which is extremely steep. On one side, there are strange peaks and rocks, and on the other side, there are deep valleys and dense forests. Whenever there is wind and rain, in the overlapping clouds and waves, the strange peak is like a water lily. The four-sided peak is also called Jade Everest. Climbing the Jade Dragon Mount Everest, there are deep valleys on both sides, and there is a mountain ridge. People walk on it and climb to the top in a zigzag way, as if stepping on the back of a dragon, hovering and rolling and flying into the sky. There is a platform on the peak, leaning forward slightly, and the mountain wind is stirring. All around the mountains, the eyes are loose one day, the branches lean against the valley, the green cover is empty, and the posture is beautiful. Xianrending is the peak of West Tianmu Mountain, with an altitude of 1.507 meters. It looks at Daxian Peak in Tianmu Mountain in the east and Wang Longfeng in the north. The three peaks stand upright and the mountains lie down. Looking into the distance, the world is vast and open-minded. At the top of the mountain, you can see the sunrise and the sea of clouds, and occasionally you can see the rare "Tianmu Baoguang".
Special care: West Tianmu Mountain is densely forested and covered with vegetation. There are often poisonous snakes in the scenic spot. Visitors are advised to climb along the artificial bluestone road and not rush into the bushes on the side of the road to ensure safety.
Climate environment
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The geographical environment and forest effect of Tianmu Mountain form a special microclimate.
climate
The annual average temperature of Xianrending is 8.8 degrees Celsius, and that of Lushan is 14.8 degrees Celsius. The vast forest is quiet and elegant, especially cold in summer, and there is no severe cold in winter. Abundant plant resources and superior natural environment provide good conditions for the growth and reproduction of various animals. It also creates an excellent environment for human leisure, vacation and tourism. Moreover, the forest here is filled with a variety of gaseous substances that have obvious relief effects on neurasthenia, cardiovascular system and other diseases. In 2005, researchers from Tourism College of Zhejiang Forestry University found that the highest negative ion content in the air of Tianmu Mountain was130,000 /cm3, setting a new national record. Therefore, Tianmu Mountain is an ideal place for people's health, tourism and leisure.
History and culture
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Tianmu Mountain has a long history. It is a famous historical and cultural mountain integrating Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
culture
Xiao Tong, king of Zhao Ming in the Southern Dynasties, once warp-knitted selected works here, and Zhang Daoling, a Taoist priest in the Western Han Dynasty, was born here. Yuanji, a cave in the Eastern Han Dynasty, called Tianmu Mountain "thirty-four caves".
The rise of Buddhism in the West Tianmu Mountain began in the Pingnian period (357~36 1), and the founder of the mountain was Zhufa Mine. Later, many monks came to the mountains to practice Zen. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Hongyan, a monk, succeeded to the throne. "At the beginning, there were only a hundred monks, and then there were thousands." In the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (1279), Master Gao Feng entered Lion Mountain in West Tianmu Mountain to build a house. Later, with him, authentic Lion Temple and Dajuezheng Temple were built one after another. Since then, the reputation of West Tianmu Mountain has gradually increased, and it has frequent exchanges with domestic and foreign countries. In Japan, India, North Korea and other countries, monks come to practice Zen. The master of Buddhism in Yulin in Qing Dynasty had a special experience in Shunzhi and Kangxi Dynasties. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), the Zen source temple was founded, which greatly boosted the peak and the middle peak, and the West Tianmu Mountain was dramatically improved. The incense in the temple was very strong and there were a large number of books. In the early years of the Republic of China, Buddhism in West Tianmu Mountain declined. In the mid-1930s, there was a revival in which hundreds of monks participated. 1941April 15, the Zen Temple was completely destroyed by Japanese aggressor planes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the incense of West Tianmu Mountain gradually declined. In the early 1960s, there were 2 1 monk living in the mountains. 1965, 16 monks moved to Linglong Mountain, Lin 'an District, Hangzhou.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were many monks in West Tianmu Mountain, who took stones as their houses, Mao as their wealth, and streams as their food, and practiced hard. The earliest temple with a slightly larger scale was Fu Bao Courtyard built in the second year of Tang Guangqi (886), followed by Kongming Courtyard built in the first year of Tang Wende (888). During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, authentic Lion Temple, Dajue Zhengdeng Temple, Zen Temple and 45 An Hall were built successively. /kloc-for more than 0/000 years, due to frequent military incidents and wind and rain erosion, the temple was abandoned several times. Today, there are still some surviving buildings, such as the Temple Gate, the Temple of the Heavenly King, the Wei Tuo Temple, the authentic Lion Temple (now called the Old Hall of the Mountain) and the Taizi'an Scenic Resort Scenic Area.
There are many famous monks in the West Tianmu Mountain, and they have been sealed by the emperor. In the Tang Dynasty, the Zen master of Zhong Hui played to Su Zong "the importance of governing people and the country, following the wind of Tang Yao", and after the silence, he was named "Zen master of Zheng Da"; Fifty years after the death of Zen Master Jianzong, Qian Liu, King of Wusu, wuyue, invited Yu Chao to be regarded as the "Supreme Master". Hongyan, a western monk, was given purple clothes by Nuodi and was named "Master Ji Fa" by Zhaodi. In the Song Dynasty, there was no way to open a Zen master, and Li Zongci was named "Buddhist Eye Zen Master"; Tan Yin Zen master Li Wei wrote the word "abbot" to show his gratitude. In the Yuan Dynasty, a monk from Gao Feng opened this temple. He was the founder of West Tianmu Mountain. He is just a cliff-breaker, with a magnificent peak and a distinguished family background. Chengzong, Shun Di and Renzong all gave him the titles of praise and worship. In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1), Zen master Song Yin rebuilt the temple on the original site of Zhenzong Lion Temple, which was a jungle. In the Qing Dynasty, Zen Master Yulin and the emperor shunzhi were awarded the titles of "Dajue Zen Master" and "Puji Nengren National Teacher", and the abbot of the Zen Academy, Dazhenfeng, Zhongfeng Fa Zuo and Chonghui Zen Society; In 27 years, the abbot Huishi Zen master XiTianmu Mountain, the manager restored the temple and changed it completely. Chanyuan Temple, the chairman of the international Zen master, abides by the clan style, does not dare to degenerate, studies cold and heat, and adds the series of "West Tianmu Zushan Zhi"; The Zen master in Wuzhen Town found a foundation in Tongzhi (1862~ 1874), revived the Buddhist temple and continued to burn incense. Since modern times, there have been many famous monks in West Tianmu Mountain.
Tianmu Mountain is endowed with splendid history and culture with its secluded scenery and superior and unique natural environment. Liang Daizhao, Ming Jun, Xiao Tong, Tang Libai, Bai Juyi, Shi and Yu all left beautiful poems and masterpieces. In the Ming Dynasty, more than 100 literati visited Qiong Qi in Tianmu Mountain, leaving more than 160 poems. Moreover, more than 60 documentaries of movies, TV series and scenery films have been filmed in Tianmu Mountain. If Jinhua Hengdian is an artificial film and television city, then Tianmu Mountain is a natural green ecological film and television base.