1. Feeding management of boars
Good feeding management and perfect feed nutrition can promote the health of boars and improve their reproductive and utilization ability.
(1) Diet and feeding techniques
For pig farms with seasonal litter breeding, the nutritional level of breeding pig diet should be gradually improved 45 days before the arrival of breeding season, and finally it will reach feeding standard in the breeding period. After the breeding season, the nutritional level should be gradually reduced, and the nutrition that can only maintain the reproductive fat should be supplemented to prevent the boars from being overweight.
(2) Exercise
Exercise can promote metabolism, strengthen boar's physique, improve sperm motility and exercise limbs, thus improving reproductive ability.
(3) Feeding boars in a single circle
It is advisable to raise in a single circle. Pigsty should always be kept clean and dry, sunny, and pigsty should be cleaned on time. Brushing pig hair is not only beneficial to skin health, preventing skin diseases, but also enhancing blood circulation, promoting metabolism and strengthening physical fitness.
(4) heatstroke prevention and cooling
High temperature can reduce sperm motility, sperm collection, sperm deformity rate, pregnancy rate, litter size and infertility of boar. Therefore, it is very necessary to do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling to avoid heat stress.
(5) Rational utilization
According to the breed characteristics and sexual maturity of boars, the age of first mating is determined. The first mating age of local pig breeds is 6-8 months, and the suitable breeding variety is 8- 10 months. The weight of the reserve boar at the first mating should reach 50%-60% of the adult weight of the breed. Breeding frequency should be appropriate, and young boars should be bred twice a day, eight times a week and 25 times a month; Adult boars are bred three times a day, 12 times a week and 40 times a month. When breeding is busy, we should supply enough nutrients. After 4 ~ 5 days of continuous breeding, rest 1 ~ 2 days to restore the physical strength of boars. Breeding should be done one hour before eating or two hours after eating. Don't drink water immediately after breeding, let it rest for more than ten minutes and then put it into the circle.
2. Feeding management of sows
According to the different physiological stages of sows, it is divided into empty pregnancy and lactation.
(1) Empty pregnant sow
After lactation, the weight of sows will generally drop by 20%~30%. Fine reproduction before mating is to restore their fat and physical strength in order to reach their physical state. In addition, the diet should be properly adjusted according to the pig variety and expected date of delivery, and it should be flexibly mastered and carefully fed to meet the nutritional needs of sows.
(2) Pregnant sow
Generally, maintain a low level of nutritional feed in the early pregnancy, and feed each head with a mixture of 1.8kg every day, and increase the feeding amount in the late pregnancy, feeding 2.8 ~ 3.0kg every day. On this basis, 10%~ 15% feed can be increased in winter, and 10% feed can be reduced in summer to maintain the upper body state of sows. Before sow mating 1 week, the feeding amount should be controlled to prevent embryo implantation failure and death, which will affect the litter size. Keeping the environment relatively quiet during pregnancy can reduce early embryo death. Strengthen the management of sow feeding, carry out appropriate and reasonable exercise, enhance the physique of sows, stop exercising before labor and prevent mechanical abortion.
(3) Sows in childbirth
After 1 10 days of pregnancy, sows can be properly fed with some lactation feed, and the proportion of wheat bran in the diet can be increased, and each sow can be fed with1.5 ~ 2kg per day. However, reducing the amount of feed 2~3 days before delivery, especially on the day of delivery, can reduce the occurrence of mastitis and the pollution of feces and urine on the delivery bed. After the sow gives birth, 20~40 units of oxytocin are injected into the muscle to promote the discharge of placenta and uterine contents, accelerate the recovery of uterus and promote lactation.
(4) lactating sows
Do not feed the sow within 0/0 hour on the day of farrowing, only provide enough drinking water, and drink warm water in winter. Piglets should be fed colostrum as soon as possible within 2~5 days after birth, and their breasts should be kept clean and hygienic. The daily feed intake of each sow is 1.5 ~ 2.5 kg 2~5 days after delivery. Six days later, according to the number of piglets brought by sows, the feeding standard was adopted during lactation, and the feeding amount was gradually increased from 65,438+00 days after delivery to the peak lactation period (25-30 days after delivery).