Abstract: With the continuous development of science and economy, the aging in China is becoming more and more obvious. The physical and physiological maintenance problems of the elderly are gradually increasing. As a professional nurse, the author has accumulated rich clinical experience. In view of the current living and health conditions of the elderly, this paper discusses the importance of nursing for the elderly and puts forward some relevant suggestions.
Keywords: aging; Elderly care; meaning
With the rapid development of the medical system, the medical level of the whole society has been rapidly developed and improved, and the nursing level of hospitals is more scientific and perfect than before. However, because the nursing mechanism is not perfect, there are more or less some hidden dangers that endanger the health of patients in operating room nursing. These potential safety threats may not be conducive to the care and rehabilitation of patients, and even lead to life-threatening of patients. Therefore, in order to improve the overall image of the hospital and ensure the life safety and rehabilitation of patients, the hospital should integrate the existing operating room resources, start with optimizing nursing management measures, and gradually improve the safety service level and sense of responsibility of nursing staff, so as to nip in the bud, effectively avoid the occurrence of elderly nursing safety accidents and establish an excellent nursing image of the hospital.
1 Current population situation and outstanding problems in China
With the change of family population structure and the continuous popularization of medical and health care. According to statistics, the population of the elderly in 20 13 census exceeded 200 million, with a population of 202 million, and the aging level reached 14.8%. Therefore, the maintenance of the elderly has become a prominent problem in the current society.
2 the importance of nursing for the elderly
2. 1 is the embodiment of social morality, and respecting the old and loving the young is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. As early as 1996, China Association for the Aged put forward the strategic goal of "healthy aging", which mainly covers four aspects: ① individual health of the elderly; ② Family health of the elderly; ③ The overall health status of the elderly population; ④ The social environment is healthy. Realizing healthy aging is a long-term goal, which requires the joint efforts of the state, society, families and individuals.
2.2 Physiological characteristics and care of the elderly With the increase of age, there will be a series of signs of physical decline. The main manifestations are the decline of the reserve capacity and function of tissues and organs, the emergence of various chronic diseases, the decline of immune function and the decline of adaptability to internal and external environments; Feeling and balance function decline, and accidents such as falls, traffic accidents and burns are prone to occur. The operation ability and reaction speed are decreased, the hand-foot coordination function is decreased, and the self-care function is decreased. Therefore, we should pay attention to protecting the safety of the elderly. When necessary, the elderly can be helped to use daily life AIDS. Therefore, we should pay attention to the choice of intonation, speech speed and language when talking to the elderly. At the same time, we should do a good job in health education, such as health exercise, nutritious diet, self-care and other aspects of guidance to avoid unnecessary security risks.
2.3 Current problems in elderly care
2.3. 1 Low quality of nursing staff in the elderly Due to the influence of traditional nursing concepts, the professional ability of nursing personnel in many hospitals is uneven, some nursing staff have low level of safety service and sense of responsibility, are not firm enough in mastering basic professional knowledge of nursing, do not know enough about new technologies and equipment, and lack certain judgment ability of emergency and handling emergencies in nursing care for the elderly. Therefore, for this reason, some nursing staff often have some problems in the care of the elderly, which leads to the failure of the operation, such as the unskilled nursing staff leading to insufficient preparation of the necessary items for the operation, and the lack of understanding of the patient's condition leading to the delay of the operation.
2.3.2 Unclear nursing knowledge for the elderly. Some nurses are not careful enough, which may lead to some deviations in medication, confusing the identification of external medication and intravenous medication, and lax blood transfusion inspection. There is a certain deviation in the oral doctor's advice executed when the patient requests it, and there is a certain deviation in the type or dosage of administration. In the use of instruments, some nurses failed to regularly maintain the instruments used and failed to detect large surgical instruments in time before operation, which may lead to the temporary failure of instruments during the operation. Some nurses are not skilled in the use of electrotomy, which easily leads to insufficient adhesion and unstable fixation of computer electrodes during operation, which leads to the fall of electrotomy and electrical burns of patients.
2.3.2 Careless care management for the elderly Some nurses were not careful enough to escort the elderly patients back to the intensive care unit, which made the patients feel uncomfortable. For example, some nursing staff failed to carefully count the surgical supplies of the elderly before and after the operation, failed to completely record the surgical supplies needed during the operation, failed to carefully check each surgical supply to ensure that the quantity was correct, and did not leave the surgical supplies in the patient's body. Some nurses often make mistakes in nursing records before, during and after operation, and their management and actions are not careful, which leads to more alterations and easily leads to medical disputes.
2.4 Problems and countermeasures in nursing care of the elderly
2.4. 1 Strengthening the cultivation of the quality of elderly nursing staff At present, China's medical reform has been gradually promoted, which is to improve the overall medical level of hospitals and the professional concept of nursing services. At the same time, hospitals should conscientiously implement the basic medical care concept of "people-oriented" and effectively reduce the safety problems existing in elderly care. In order to better improve the nursing level of the elderly and reduce potential safety hazards, hospitals should improve the service level of relevant nursing staff, establish a sound nursing concept, and actively encourage nursing staff to learn new nursing theoretical knowledge, new nursing techniques and enhance their service capabilities. Secondly, the hospital should strengthen the service consciousness of nursing staff, adhere to the patient-centered, and respect the needs and wishes of patients. Establish a perfect supervision and management mechanism to improve the overall nursing level. At the same time, the hospital can give safety education to all nursing staff in the operating room, so that all nursing staff can establish the safety concept of patient safety first, and strictly implement various work processes in elderly care, thus effectively improving the nursing quality of the operating room and effectively reducing the occurrence of safety accidents in the operating room.
2.4.2 Strengthen the propaganda of nursing knowledge for the elderly. Hospitals need to strengthen the cultivation of pharmacological knowledge of nursing staff, and insist that nursing staff should carefully check the dose and concentration of drugs and correct usage before using any drugs. For the oral medical orders during the operation, the nursing staff should correctly repeat them before telling the patients to implement them, and ensure that the labels for external use and oral use are completely separated. For patients who need blood transfusion, nursing staff and attending doctors should check the basic information of patients, the storage period of blood transfusion types and the damage of blood bags to ensure that blood transfusion can be carried out without error, and closely observe the clinical manifestations of patients after blood transfusion, effectively reducing the problems caused by improper blood transfusion. For the use of instruments, relevant nursing staff should be required to understand the basic knowledge of instrument use. For example, after the operation of elderly patients, the relevant nursing staff should manage the surgical instruments such as electric scalpel and pen on the operating table and put the surgical instruments in a safe position to avoid electric burns caused by some dangerous instruments such as high-frequency electric scalpel in abnormal use.
2.4.3 Elderly patients who perform the obligation of informing by nurses often have poor memory and decreased understanding ability, so they should be patient in health education for patients. For some dangerous events that are prone to occur, in addition to oral notification, they need to be informed in writing. Health education should be targeted and individualized according to patients' own conditions, so as to improve the effectiveness and safety of nursing.
2.4.4 Using the method of exercise guidance Because the elderly patients are generally poor in physique, they don't like exercise or have insufficient exercise. According to the current patients' physical condition and personal interests, we can put forward some exercise items, such as jogging, dancing, jogging, etc., to further enhance the oxygen supply to the lungs and really improve blood circulation, but not too tired, and insist on about 40min/d according to personal conditions.
2.4.5 The only way to provide health guidance is to make full use of spare time or weekends to carry out various forms of health guidance, such as holding lectures on stress knowledge of the elderly, holding some free clinics, and distributing corresponding publicity knowledge manuals, so that patients can strengthen preventive measures after self-monitoring the causes and common symptoms. At the same time, we have a preliminary understanding of the precautions, complications and treatment principles of hypertension. For some patients who can't be present for some special reasons, or some patients who need health guidance, medical staff can use on-site service. Or telephone follow-up, organize patient experience regularly, establish health records, directly close the distance between medical staff and patients, really improve patients' cognition of various diseases, and effectively carry out nursing intervention.
2.4.6 Strengthening psychological nursing Because the elderly have certain particularity, some negative emotions will be generated in the course of the disease, such as very pessimistic, fearful and depressed psychology, which will seriously affect the quality of life of patients. After analyzing the specific situation, we can sum up the reasons for the old people's bad mood and emotional excitement. Most elderly people don't have a certain understanding of their diseases because of their low education level. At the same time, because there is relatively little language with family members, we must communicate with patients, introduce the relevant knowledge of elderly patients, eliminate the worries in patients' hearts and enhance their confidence. Secondly, it is necessary to communicate effectively with patients, and then gain the trust and support of parents, so that family members can take the initiative to take care of patients, care for patients, and test and remind patients about their medication, and it is best to stay with the elderly. For the elderly to take medicine, the elderly must take medicine according to the doctor's requirements, otherwise unnecessary accidents will occur.
2.4.7 Take medicine according to doctor's advice Therefore, it is necessary to take medicine according to doctor's advice. However, some elderly patients have poor memory and often forget to take medicine on time, mainly relying on family members and nurses to remind them. In addition, some patients failed to take drugs correctly or had insufficient understanding of drugs. Therefore, when we are nursing, we should explain the classification, mechanism of action and adverse reactions of drugs to these patients, so that patients can use drugs rationally and avoid drug abuse.
2.4.8 Pay attention to the cultivation of teachers' teaching ability. In addition, we need to encourage nurses to actively participate in the study of nursing colleges and undergraduate courses, and actively select outstanding talents to study abroad. The nursing department organizes relevant personnel to conduct teaching rounds, exchange corresponding experience, and strive to master more professional knowledge and technology. Only with the operation of advanced instruments can we truly understand the medical level of this major. Relevant social and humanistic knowledge needs to be constantly enriched and improved. Teachers with high teaching level and rich teaching experience are invited to study in the whole hospital, and their teaching experience will be shared with you accordingly, thus improving nursing ability.
3 Conclusion
The nursing work for the elderly has the characteristics of complex links, high service requirements, low fault tolerance rate in the operation process and strong continuity of events, which has higher requirements for relevant nursing staff. How to avoid and discover the problems existing in the nursing of the elderly in time and how to deal with various problems in the nursing process in time is a major problem that hospitals must face in order to improve the overall medical level. In order to put an end to the problems existing in various parts of the hospital, we must start with strengthening the quality of elderly nursing staff and do every important link of elderly nursing well. At the same time, the hospital needs to take necessary measures, conscientiously implement various relevant rules and regulations, have a high understanding of the problems existing in elderly care, and take specific measures for different elderly care problems to ensure the successful completion of elderly care in the hospital, thus reducing the pain of patients and providing the most intimate care for patients, thus effectively eliminating the problems existing in hospital care and improving the overall credibility and social and economic effects of the hospital.
References:
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Objective: To explore the psychological problems of the elderly and the factors affecting their mental health, strengthen the psychological care for the elderly and alleviate the common psychological problems of the elderly.
Methods: To analyze the psychological characteristics and common psychological problems of the elderly, understand their causes, and put forward nursing points and methods for the elderly.
Results: Through the patient and meticulous care of the elderly, the sense of security of the elderly and their trust in nurses were increased, and they could actively cooperate with treatment and nursing.
Conclusion: Only by correctly grasping the psychological characteristics of the elderly and understanding their psychological problems and their causes can we provide effective nursing measures and improve their quality of life.
Keywords: psychological care of the elderly
With the continuous improvement of China's economy, health and living standards, the average life expectancy of human beings has been prolonged. At present, China is gradually entering an aging society. Due to the aging population and unhealthy lifestyle, the increase of chronic diseases among the elderly has become a global trend. From this perspective, medical care for the elderly is more important. Understanding the psychology of the elderly and carrying out effective nursing according to their characteristics have played a positive role in preventing and treating their diseases and maintaining their physical and mental health.
1 changes in psychological characteristics of the elderly
1. 1 inferiority complex. With the aging of various organs of the body, the body's resistance declines, various diseases are mixed, most of them relapse, and even the condition gets worse year by year, which leads them to feel pessimistic and disappointed about their own diseases, and easily lead to inferiority complex, thus losing confidence and courage in rehabilitation, and often showing self-pity and self-abandonment.
1.2 loneliness. Old people feel empty and lonely because of their widowed, solitary, retired and reduced interpersonal communication. They often feel lonely psychologically, showing depression and sadness, being uninterested in the things around them, asking for trouble and feeling inferior.
1.3 sense of loss. It is characterized by weakened insight, impatience, irritability, palpitation and insomnia.
1.4 doubt. The elderly's psychological defense and coping ability decline with their age, their tolerance and adaptability to the outside world decline, and they are prone to emotional changes, which are manifested in unfounded doubts about others and doubts about their words and deeds. Blame some irrelevant things on yourself and cause innocent speculation.
1.5 fear. Old people are worried about getting sick, their self-care ability is declining, and their psychological burden is aggravated, so they will have anxiety and live in fear, thus showing indifference or impatience. Some elderly people are often unwell, their financial situation is not very good, and they are afraid of increasing their children's financial burden, so they delay the best treatment period and are prone to negative psychology such as anxiety, depression, tension and irritability, which in turn leads to the interaction of physiological and psychological factors, making their health worse and increasing their psychological fears.
1.6 sense of depression. Depression is a common emotional and psychological obstacle for the elderly. With the aging of the elderly, emotional changes are becoming increasingly obvious, and some elderly people even have suicidal thoughts. Depression is mostly caused by chronic diseases and the threat of death, which leads to fear and depression, and even develops into depression.
2 nursing measures
2. 1 Establish a good nurse-patient relationship to meet the psychological needs of patients. Different communication skills are adopted according to different patients, so that they are willing to pour out their feelings, seek the understanding and help of nurses, increase trust, and do a good job in the ideological work of their families with polite and decent language.
2.2 Compassionate and gain the trust of patients. Because of memory loss, elderly patients often ask questions about medication repeatedly. We should patiently explain to patients on the basis of sympathy, so as to establish patients' trust and security. At the same time, we should always know the needs of patients, ask patients about their condition in caring language, and give patient and meticulous answers to patients' questions in order to gain patients' trust and make patients actively cooperate with the treatment.
2.3 Pay attention to meticulous life care. Nurses should take the initiative to care for the elderly, provide convenience in life, strengthen life care for patients with dementia and forgetfulness, assist in completing special examination items and taking medicine on time, put daily necessities where patients can reach, encourage patients who can take care of themselves to take appropriate activities, improve their self-care ability and avoid dependence.
2.4 Pay attention to language communication. When introducing the illness to the elderly, the language should be kind, the attitude should be cordial and sincere, and the personality of the elderly should be respected. If patients have privacy during the treatment, they should do a good job, solve their reasonable demands in time, explain the unreasonable ones carefully, and express their meaning to patients in the main voice and language, such as medical proverbs.
2.5 Do a good job in health education. Introduce the basic knowledge, treatment and rehabilitation methods of diseases in a targeted manner to help the elderly correctly understand diseases and enhance their self-care and self-care ability. Some elderly people always have some physical diseases, which may aggravate their fears and depression. Nurses should be kind, friendly and enthusiastic, so as to increase their confidence in life. At the same time, it is necessary to educate the elderly to establish confidence in overcoming diseases, which is conducive to physical and mental health.
2.6 diet care. Most elderly people have spleen and stomach dysfunction. Nurses should tell patients that the diet is light and easy to digest, emphasizing the combination of thickness, multi-vitamin diet, not hungry, and good eating habits.
2.7 Psychological care after discharge. When patients leave the hospital, they can explain the knowledge of treatment and rehabilitation according to patients with different diseases and different educational levels. On the one hand, they should tell the patients' families what to pay attention to, on the other hand, they should write a detailed discharge guide to the patients or their families, and encourage patients to insist on taking medicine and review regularly after returning home. And explain to family members the psychological activities and psychological nursing effects of patients during hospitalization, as well as psychological nursing measures and methods after discharge, indicating that they can not only rely on drug treatment, but also maintain a good mental state, make them feel comfortable, pay attention to diet and rest, and exercise properly, and also accelerate the recovery of diseases, prevent recurrence, and let them spend their old age happily.
3 abstract
Psychological nursing is to make use of the dynamic effect of psychology on the body, so that patients can get psychological comfort and comfort. Therefore, nurses play a very important role in the psychological care of the elderly. Nurses must master relevant knowledge and skills, constantly strengthen their self-cultivation, have good professional ethics and ideological cultivation, strengthen emotional communication skills, and receive every elderly patient with enthusiasm, positive work attitude, care, respect and sympathy. Put your life into the consideration of the elderly, understand their feelings, help them change their bad psychological behavior and lifestyle, take active and effective measures, provide psychological counseling services for the elderly in time, help them maintain their physical and mental health and good quality of life, and then improve their health and quality of life in their later years.
refer to
[1] Liu, chief editor, community nursing, Hunan Science and Technology Press, 200 1, 142- 149.
[2] Zuo Yuhua, Zhang Wei. Actively practice the new model of community health management and explore new ways of sustainable development of community health services [J]. Practical General Medicine, June 2008 (1): 71-72.
[3] Zhou Jie. Application skills of nonverbal communication in clinical nursing [J]. China Journal of Modern Nursing, 2005,2 (9): 788-790.
Fan Wensan: "The Present Situation and Suggestions of Pension Management in Pension Institutions" China is a populous country, especially the aging problem is very prominent. Since 1970s, China has been carrying out the family planning policy and advocating that one family should have only one child, which has led to many families becoming one-child families. When these only children grow up, they can't stay with their parents to take care of them because of work, life or marriage, so there are more and more "empty nesters". In order to solve the problem that empty nesters are unattended, more and more old-age care institutions have emerged. After the children pay the fees, these old-age care institutions take care of their parents' daily life for their children. However, due to the lack of a unified and standardized management system, the nursing management of the elderly is also very chaotic [1].
First, the status quo of nursing management for the elderly in pension institutions
At present, the total number of elderly people in China, that is, the elderly over 60 years old, is close to 200 million, accounting for about one-sixth of the total population in China. How to make these old people live a healthy and happy old age has always been a big problem that puzzles their children. In order to solve this problem, more and more businesses have turned their attention to old-age care institutions, so various old-age care institutions have appeared in recent years. Due to the late start of undertaking and operation of old-age care institutions in China, relevant laws and regulations have not yet been promulgated, which leads to confusion in the management of these institutions, not only the management level is not in place, but also the nursing level is not in place. The chaotic management and nursing market urgently needs unified norms and compulsory measures to make it run effectively.
Second, the problems existing in the nursing management of the aged in the old-age care institutions
(A) the lack of professional nursing team and professional management team
Some elderly people living in old-age care institutions are in poor health and need the care of professional medical staff. Reflecting on China's old-age care institutions, most of the medical staff in China's old-age care institutions have not received strict and standardized nursing training. Even those who have received training, some of them are so-so, and they have not fully mastered the professional knowledge of nursing. Moreover, these medical staff failed to pass the professional qualification examination and certification, and did not establish a correct working concept for nursing work. They often treat their work with their own experience or first feeling, and many job skills in nursing work are learned from their predecessors or colleagues, without forming a complete knowledge system [2]. In addition to experienced and professional medical staff, an excellent management team is also very important for an old-age care institution. However, many domestic pension institutions do not have so-called management institutions, and management work is done by medical staff. It is difficult for medical staff who lack professional management knowledge and skills to do a good job in the management of an institution, which will affect the long-term operation of the institution.
(B) the lack of a unified industry management norms
China is a place that worships family culture very much. The ancients said, the head of the family, everything goes well, so the elderly in our country have always lived with their children, and their children provide for the elderly. However, since the 1970s, the country has been implementing the family planning policy, encouraging a family to have only one child. After two one-child families are merged into a new family, it means that a couple has to support four old people, and the children can't take care of themselves. You can only choose some pension institutions with good conditions, so pension institutions are very popular in China only in recent years, and there is also a craze for running pension institutions all over the country. Because China's old-age care institutions started late and are still in the growth stage, and the state has not promulgated relevant laws and treaties in time, the whole market of old-age care institutions lacks unified and standardized management, and the whole process from the application for the establishment of old-age care institutions to the management of old-age care institutions presents a chaotic situation.
Third, the elderly care management recommendations
(A) the establishment of a unified industry norms for pension institutions
The ancients said: No rules, no Fiona Fang. In order to make the development of old-age care institutions in China reach a new level, it is very important to establish a unified standard for the industry of old-age care institutions. To standardize the development of old-age care institutions with unified standards, we must first strictly limit the undertaking conditions of old-age care institutions. It is necessary to learn more about the applicant's own situation, strictly check the professional quality and operational skills of the staff of the old-age care institution, regularly check the health status of the institution, and conduct regular spot checks on the health status of the staff. Only by strictly controlling the source and establishing a unified industry standard for old-age care institutions can we really improve the chaos in China's old-age care industry.
(2) Improve the quality of the management team of pension institutions.
For the long-term and stable development of the old-age care institutions, we must first improve the quality of the management team, which is like the leader of the flock and controls the general direction of the development of the whole old-age care institutions. At the same time, the management team is also a bridge between the leaders of the old-age care institutions and the medical staff, and timely conveys the work instructions of the top leaders to the medical staff, and at the same time, the top leaders timely reflect the opinions and suggestions of the medical staff on the work and solve the contradictions within the institutions in time. A good management team can effectively improve the cohesion and competitiveness of a pension institution, enhance the sense of belonging of medical staff to the institution, and lay a solid foundation for the stable development of the institution in the future. To improve the quality of management team, we can start from the following two aspects: on the one hand, introduce management talents to improve the management level of public institutions through their professional knowledge and skills; On the other hand, while introducing relevant talents, we should also strengthen the training of existing staff, such as holding regular management knowledge training meetings and sending some staff to other schools to learn management knowledge and skills. Starting from these two aspects at the same time, the management level of the organization will be greatly improved.
Improve the professional quality of nursing staff and strengthen the qualification examination of nursing staff.
Medical staff are the group directly responsible for the elderly. The professional quality of medical staff directly affects the quality of service and the health of the elderly who live in this old-age care institution [3]. Because the elderly are too old, their physical functions begin to deteriorate, and some chronic diseases gradually appear. The immunity of the elderly is obviously lower than that of the young. Many factors should be considered in the medication of various diseases in the elderly. Therefore, the medical staff who take care of the elderly should not only have excellent professional knowledge, but also be patient and careful. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of professional knowledge of medical staff, help them establish a correct concept of work, and urge them to devote themselves wholeheartedly to their work. In addition, a large number of medical staff in China did not accept any qualification examination and certification before taking part in the work, which also laid a hidden danger for medical work. For the health of the elderly, the state should strengthen the qualification certification of nursing staff, and only those who have passed the examination and obtained the qualification certificate can take up their posts. Moreover, the government should regularly check the skills of medical staff, and the old-age care institutions that employ unqualified medical staff should be hell to pay, and they will never let it go easily.
(4) Strengthen the risk management of old-age care.
Old people are prone to all kinds of accidents because of the aging of their physical functions and diseases. In order to avoid unnecessary disputes, managers and medical staff should strengthen their awareness of risk management and consider the travel problems of the elderly in the design and construction of old-age care institutions, such as the reinforcement of handrails in corridors and the anti-skid of bathrooms and bathroom floors [4]. There is also the psychological problem of taking care of the elderly. Because they are often alone without children, they are prone to some psychological problems, such as depression and insomnia. Therefore, medical staff should not only take care of the physical health of the elderly, but also always care about their mental health and help them solve their psychological problems in time. At the same time, we should always communicate with our families and urge our children to spend more time with their parents. Only when medical staff and children Qi Xin work together can these old people be achieved.
Four. conclusion
To sum up, in order to make the elderly have a pleasant good night, the old-age care institutions have a great responsibility, not only to strengthen the professional training of medical staff, but also to strengthen the nursing management level of the old-age care institutions. In addition to the perfection of all aspects of the old-age care institution, it also needs the care and care of family members. Only with the joint efforts of old-age care institutions and families can the elderly spend their twilight years safely and the career development of old-age care institutions in China can reach a new level.
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