In our daily life, we will encounter some minor accidents, so we should learn some first-aid methods of common accidents to prevent ourselves. Then I will bring you the first-aid methods of common accidents for your reference, hoping to help you.
First-aid methods for common accidents 1 foreign bodies entering eyes
Walking on the road, a strong wind suddenly blew, and I couldn't close my eyes. I already feel that something has gone in, which is very uncomfortable. Never rub your eyes at this time, but hold back. Because human cornea is very soft and fragile, tiny objects such as sand and eyelashes may scratch it and cause infection.
The correct first aid method: blink your eyes hard, let yourself shed tears, and wash away foreign objects in your eyes with tears. If the method doesn't work, or the foreign body has entered a deeper position in the eye, please seek medical advice in time.
spanner
Usually, if the ligaments around human joints are stretched excessively, they will be sprained and often accompanied by bruises and edema. Don't stretch the sprained part blindly after sprain, which may aggravate the injury.
Correct first aid method: Ice for half an hour every other hour within 24 hours after sprain. Wrap the sprained part with elastic pressure bandage and pad it. It is very important to change ice compress to hot compress after 24 hours.
nosebleed
Nosebleed is a common accident in our life. After discovering nosebleeds, many people's first reaction is to lean back hard. In fact, this can not only stop bleeding effectively, but also inhale some blood pressure into the lungs, which is neither safe nor hygienic.
The correct first aid method: first, put a small ice pack on the bridge of the nose to stop bleeding quickly, and many people use cold towels for the same reason. Second, in the absence of an ice pack, you can hold the cartilage under the bridge of your nose with your fingers and lean forward slightly for 5~ 15 minutes.
Card fishbone
Most people who like to eat fish also have the experience of sticking fish bones. After the fishbone gets stuck, people around us will always tell us to swallow a mouthful of rice and drink vinegar. But the fact is that swallowing rice may push the fishbone deeper, and drinking vinegar only stays on the fishbone for a short time, but it does not soften the fishbone.
The correct first aid method: cough hard. When the fishbone is not too big, the tiny fishbone is likely to be washed away by the coughing airflow. But when you are stuck on a big fishbone, don't try every way to get it out by yourself. You should go to the hospital for help at once.
It seems that minor accidents do little harm to people's health, but please don't take any chances. Mastering the correct first aid knowledge can help you avoid more injuries. If the injury is serious, you should rush to the hospital as soon as possible after basic first aid.
1, Common Accidents-First Aid Methods of Fire
With the development of economy, the number and scale of crowded places in China are increasing year by year. The use function of crowded places is more complicated and it is more difficult to evacuate people. Once a fire breaks out, it is easy to cause heavy casualties and even vicious accidents. At this time, it is necessary to calm down, evacuate the passage first, and then evacuate the materials. The evacuated materials should be piled up in the windward safety zone, and the passage should not be blocked, and people should be assigned to look after them.
Correct use of fire fighting equipment. When people are trapped by smoke on the way to escape from the fire, they should walk in a low posture or crawl in the smoke. When conditions permit, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel. In order to evacuate the smoke area smoothly. If they can't escape, they can stretch out their clothes or throw small objects and send out rescue signals to attract attention.
2, common accidents-earthquake first aid methods
After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects. The correct way is to open the door and ensure the exit. Think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes. If you exercise outside the meeting and there is an earthquake, you must pay attention to finding an open place, protect your head and avoid dangerous things.
3, common accidents-car accident first aid method
Nowadays, many people have their own cars, which makes our traffic more and more crowded. In this case, sometimes the probability of a car accident will increase, so when a car accident happens, we must first judge whether the vital signs have changed and correctly judge the injury and the injured part. Pay attention to the correct way to move the wounded, that is, protect the spine and broken limbs of the body. What is needed is to follow the important principle of saving lives first, CPR first, and then treating the injured part. The injured person must stop bleeding quickly, dress the wound and fix the fracture.
First-aid methods of common accidents
What are the causes and treatment methods of common accidents among children?
In recent years, children have frequent accidents, but we must treat them differently. Accidents may also cause children's lifelong disability and seriously damage their physical and mental health. Therefore, we must actively take preventive measures to reduce accidents.
Children's natural desire for exploration and curiosity, strong desire for imitation, poor sense of danger, insufficient self-protection ability and inadequate parental supervision are the main reasons for children's accidents. Children's common accidents include drowning, accidental suffocation, traffic accidents, poisoning, falls, burns, electric injuries, animal bites, suicides, homicide, medical accidents, natural disasters and so on. However, due to the different growth and development characteristics of children of different ages, the causes and types of accidents are also different. At this time, the best way to deal with it is to send it directly to the hospital and let the doctor handle it to minimize the damage.
First aid methods for common accidents Article 2: Don't just wait for help in an accident, but also know how to save yourself.
Accidental injury has become the second largest cause of life lost in this city after tumor, and the mortality rate of accidental injury among people under 40 years old in this city is 15. 14/65438+ million, accounting for 3 1 of the total number of deaths among people under 40. 46%, the first cause of death in the crowd. Accidental injury is also the first cause of death of floating population in this city. More than 90% of sudden death cases occurred outside the hospital.
Experts say that everyone should learn basic self-help skills. As the mainstay of society and family, white-collar workers should master self-help skills. If they have certain self-help skills, simply rescuing the wounded and patients at the first scene and prime time can greatly improve the survival probability of the injured. The basic self-help methods that should be mastered in daily life include hemostasis, dressing, fracture fixation, handling, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and so on. The specific methods have to be learned from professional doctors. You can't just watch videos or just write. Only by learning the right methods can we face the accident correctly and treat ourselves.
Common accident first aid method 3 1, common accident first aid
Nose bleeding: lean forward slightly immediately, hold your nose for 5- 15 minutes, or press an ice pack on the bridge of your nose. Don't look up (bleeding is easy to swallow and may choke into the lungs, causing danger).
There is a foreign body in your eyes: blink a few times at once to get it out. If not, hold your eyelids and rinse your eyes with tap water. Don't rub your eyes (even a small foreign body can scratch the cornea and cause infection). What are the first aid methods for common accidents?
Sprain: change the ice pack every 20 minutes. Wrap the injured joint with elastic bandage, raise the injured part, and do not move for at least 24 hours. After that, hot compress can promote blood circulation in the affected area. Don't work with injuries (it will lead to more serious injuries, such as torn ligaments. ).
Burn: Wash the burned area with cold water immediately, or apply cold compress with a wet towel. First-degree injury (skin redness) or second-degree injury (blistering) can be loosely bandaged. Don't put the ice pack on the burn (ice will damage the skin and aggravate the injury); Puncture blisters or apply antibiotics to burns (easy to cause infection).
2. Learn to do CPR in case of accident.
First of all, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, open the wounded's mouth, clean up the foreign bodies in the mouth, and keep the oral airway unobstructed; The second is to keep breathing and check whether the wounded are still breathing. If the injured person is not breathing, he can take mouth-to-mouth breathing immediately and blow every 3-4 seconds. The third is to restore blood circulation. For the wounded with cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately. The rescuer should master the correct posture and pressing action of chest pressing with both hands, and press the heart rhythmically.
3. Learn to control bleeding when an accident happens.
A person weighing 50 kilograms has a blood volume of 4000 ml. When the blood loss reaches more than 1500 ml, it will cause insufficient blood supply to the brain, and the wounded will have blurred vision, dry mouth, dizziness and even coma. The hemostasis methods of external bleeding are: direct pressure method. Press directly on the wound with your palm or fingers, and keep the pressure 15 minutes or more. Holding high method. Raise the bleeding limb of the injured person above the heart to slow down the blood flow in the bleeding area. Conditional, you can use a piece of sterile gauze or clean clothes to apply to the wound. Compression to stop bleeding When the limbs bleed heavily, it can compress the important arteries of the limbs.
Wrong first aid method for accidents
Pinch "people" indiscriminately. The point of "Renzhong" is located at the midpoint of nasolabial groove, but many people are not very clear about the exact location of "Renzhong", so they hurriedly pinch it, which can't play the role of first aid. Wen Xinhua said that the correct way is to judge whether the unconscious person is conscious first. You can wake up the comatose by shouting, slapping and stimulating pain. If you find that the unconscious person has no pulse or heartbeat, you should call 120 emergency number in time. What are the first aid methods for common accidents?
Dare not perform CPR. In case of drowning or cardiac arrest, the surrounding personnel should immediately carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation, untie the patient's neckline, keep breathing unobstructed, overlap their hands and interlock their fingers, and press vertically downward at the midpoint of the connecting line between the two nipples, with a pressing depth of at least 5 cm and a pressing frequency of 100~ 120 times/minute. Do artificial respiration twice every 30 chest compressions. Modern medicine shows that it is possible to save patients' lives by performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation within 4 ~ 6 minutes of cardiac arrest.
Misdiagnosis of sudden myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is related to many diseases, and once it happens, we must first judge the cause. In some cases, you can chew aspirin to prevent thrombosis, but if you have a history of cerebral hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding or dissecting aneurysm, you can't use aspirin, and you should be sent to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment.
Measures to deal with traffic accidents
Stop immediately: stop immediately when the car is driving safely, turn off the engine (to avoid the car catching fire) and turn on the emergency light to make it glow; Write down the brand of the other car immediately (always have a pen and paper, even a camera) to prevent the other party from driving away after a traffic accident.
Issue a warning: protect the scene; Give a warning to other vehicles and light the danger warning light; Put triangle warning signs on the road; If necessary, use other ways to warn. What are the first aid methods for common accidents?
Estimate: quickly estimate the situation at the scene. How many people were involved in the accident? The number and condition of the injured? How many cars are involved? Will the leaked fuel catch fire? Has anyone received first aid training at the scene?
Care for the injured: Don't move the injured unless they are in danger (such as fire and toxic substance leakage), because your movement may cause more harm. If the injured person is still breathing and bleeding is not much, others should not do anything unless they really know how to care for the injured person. Don't feed the injured any food or drink.
Prevent other hazards: shut down the engines of all vehicles involved in the accident; No smoking; Beware of other flammable items; Try to prevent fuel leakage; Beware of dangerous goods to prevent the accumulation of dangerous liquids, dust and gas.
First aid methods for common accidents Article 4 I. Cuts and abrasions
The old first aid method: clean the wound with clear water, soak it with hydrogen peroxide, and let the wound heal naturally without dressing it.
New first aid methods:
1. Wash the wound with soap and cold water, check whether there is any residue on the wound, remove the residue and ensure the wound is clean. If a child falls on the road, the dust on the road will be embedded in the wound. This will not only easily cause wound infection, but also leave a permanent scar on the wound. Wipe the dirt off the wound with a clean towel or disinfectant paper towel. Even if the baby cries and hurts, you can't ignore this step.
2. Sterilization with hydrogen peroxide has long been out of date, because although hydrogen peroxide can sterilize, it also destroys white blood cells that help repair wounds and slows down the healing speed of wounds. It is recommended to use antibacterial ointment sold in hospitals and pharmacies. Any skin wound, even a slight scratch, may become a window for bacteria and viruses to invade.
It is also a good method to use gauze or bandage, but it is not necessary. Once the antibacterial ointment is applied, the wound will be sealed, and in most cases it will begin to heal within eight hours. If the wound is big, bleeding fast, or the wound often rubs clothes, use gauze or bandage. Band-AIDS should be used according to the shape and size of the wound and replaced every day.
Second, massive bleeding or deep wounds.
The old first aid method: use a tourniquet to prevent serious bleeding.
New first aid methods:
1, an excessively wide tourniquet can easily affect the blood circulation of the wound, so that the muscle tissue can not get enough blood supply, resulting in permanent injury. The best way to control wound bleeding is direct compression.
2. Putting an ice pack on the treated wound will help to compress blood vessels and reduce blood loss. If the bleeding doesn't stop after ten minutes, call a pediatrician or send the child to the emergency room as soon as possible.
3. If the injury is extremely serious and leads to limb fracture, you should immediately call 120 emergency number and cover the wound with gauze pad or other disinfection supplies. If you can't find a suitable dressing, cover the wound with plastic bags, plastic sheets, plastic gloves or even a piece of foldable aluminum foil.
4. It is best to fix the dressing on the wound and loosen a corner to facilitate air circulation. However, if the lung is injured, immediately cover the wound site, and do not leave too much space, so as to avoid direct inhalation of air into the child's chest.
Third, nosebleeds
The ancient first aid method: tilt the child's head backwards, hold the child's nostrils for five minutes, and put an ice pack on his nose to coagulate the blood flow.
New first aid methods:
1. Keep the child's head upright or lean forward slightly. If the head leans back, blood will flow into the throat, which is easy to suffocate or vomit.
2, do not pinch the child's nostrils, but change the middle of the nose (under the nasal bone), generally need to pinch hard for about 20 minutes.
3. The best cooling part is in the child's mouth. Put an ice cube in your mouth and let the child hold it to slow down the blood flow in your nose. It must be noted that not all children have the ability to put ice cubes in their mouths. If the nosebleed is caused by an accident, such as being hit by a ball or colliding with others, it can "ice" the bridge of the nose and help to reduce swelling.
Fourth, poisoning.
The old first aid method: let the child take emetic and spit out all the residues in the stomach.
New first aid methods:
1, don't do anything until the emergency number 120 is connected. There are many reasons for poisoning, and different kinds of poisoning adopt different treatment methods, so only emergency centers can adopt correct treatment methods.
2. Parents should provide the following information to doctors in time:
1) Types of toxic substances swallowed, whether it is liquid detergent, poisonous plants or a drug;
2) How much the child swallows;
3) How long is the time interval from swallowing to taking measures. If you can't send your child to the hospital in time, the doctor suggests that you let your child inhale activated carbon.
Five, burns and scalds
The ancient first aid method: apply butter or ice on the burn, then use antibacterial spray or apply burn ointment.
New first aid methods:
1, butter will seal the heat in the skin, resulting in increased damage. It doesn't help to use ice cubes: children's skin is delicate, and hot and cold will cause deeper damage to the skin.
2. If the clothes stick to the scalded place, they should be peeled off immediately, because the clothes have been saturated with high-temperature grease and will continue to burn the skin. Use cold water immediately, be careful not to let it freeze, and rinse the wound for at least 5 minutes.
3, the use of skin anesthetics and skin care products is not worth the loss, they are likely to cause allergic reactions, which will make the skin more uncomfortable.
4. If there are no blisters, you can apply antibiotic ointment to the burn, cover the wound, and wrap the wound with dry gauze bandage. If the blisters burst or the joints are burned, please seek help from the doctor as soon as possible to avoid leaving scars on your child's skin.
Six, fracture
Ancient first aid method: When a child falls and hurts his wrist or ankle, he must take the child to the hospital even if he is not sure whether it is really a fracture.
New first aid methods:
1, not all fractures need emergency treatment.
You can wait a while and see if the child's uncomfortable feeling will disappear by itself. The only thing to do is to raise and fix the limbs. If the child feels more severe pain when moving or walking within 2 to 4 hours, parents should consider taking the child to the hospital for orthopedic treatment.
2. The obvious fracture needs timely treatment.
Parents should call the doctor at once. Don't move the child. If possible, use homemade splint to fix the injured limb of the child. The splint can be made of sawdust or folded newspapers or magazines, placed under or on the side of the injured limb, and wrapped with triangular bandages, belts or laces. Don't wrap it too tightly, and don't use gauze or string, which may hinder blood circulation.
Seven, head injury:
If the child breaks his head, he may have a concussion, which usually leads to fainting. Try to make the child comfortable. If bleeding occurs, treat it as described above. Even if he looks completely well, take him to the doctor.
Eight, get an electric shock:
If the child plays with sockets or wires, he may get an electric shock. This may cause him to stop breathing and heartbeat and burn his body. Pull down the main brake immediately. Stand on a dry and insulated object, such as a phone book, and then use a broom to separate the charged things from the children.
Nine, drowning:
If you fall in the water or go forward, even if it is only 3 cm in the middle of the night, you can drown him. Even if the child can sit by himself, you shouldn't leave him alone in the bathtub. Pick up the child, his head is lower than his chest. If he has lost consciousness, give him a breath immediately.
X. Eye injury:
If something enters a child's eyes, you should wash it out with water as soon as possible, and try to watch the child not to let him rub his eyes into it. It is the child's head that leans back and washes its inner corner with clear water. If something sticks to his nose, open his upper eyelid.
Eleven, bite:
Bites range from insect bites to animal bites, and the treatment varies according to the situation. Thoroughly clean the insect bite, and then put on a plaster. If it is an animal bite, follow the above steps to stop bleeding.
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