2. In order to ensure the intake of protein, pregnant women can appropriately supplement milk, eggs, beans and hard fruits.
3, pay attention to the intake of folic acid in early pregnancy, because folic acid is related to the development of fetal nervous system. If folic acid is lacking during pregnancy, it is easy to cause fetal neural tube defects, and many natural foods are rich in folic acid.
4. The supply of vitamins should be sufficient. If the expectant mother's pregnancy reaction seriously affects normal eating, comprehensive vitamin tablets can be supplemented appropriately at the doctor's suggestion.
5, both meat and vegetables, thick accumulation and thin hair, diversified food varieties. Avoid picky eaters and partial eclipse, and prevent the lack of minerals and trace elements.
6. Pay due attention to supplement foods rich in iron, such as animal liver, blood, beef, etc., to prevent iron deficiency anemia. At the same time, vitamin C supplementation can also increase the absorption of iron.
7. Pregnant women should eat more calcium-containing foods, such as milk, bean products, shrimp skin, kelp and so on.
What do pregnant women eat for malnutrition? Eat a balanced diet during pregnancy. The diet during pregnancy should be diversified and balanced. The so-called balanced diet is to provide dietary standards and dietary formulas that meet health requirements, are comprehensive in nutrition and have reasonable proportions, and make reasonable arrangements according to actual weight. It is wrong to weigh less than or more than the amount that should be increased. Therefore, as a pregnant woman, we should avoid the lack of nutrition in our diet, ensure that our body is in the best condition, and make our blood contain enough nutrients needed by the fetus, but we should not be overnourished.
1, the natural principle, that is, choose the food that has made outstanding contributions to fetal intelligence from the natural food in home cooking as the main body of the three-meal structure. This list includes rice, millet, corn, adzuki beans, black beans, walnuts, sesame seeds, red dates, black fungus, Flammulina velutipes, kelp, laver, peanuts, quail eggs, meat, chicken, fish and shrimp, strawberries, kumquat, apples, bananas, kiwis, lemons, celery, sweet peppers, lotus roots and tomatoes.
2. Generally speaking, the human brain is mainly composed of lipids, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins (B, C, E), calcium and other nutrients. Nutrition intake must be comprehensive. Nutritionists suggest that it is best to eat 40 kinds of food every day, at least 14 kinds.
3. The principle of balance. Studies have confirmed that when the fat intake accounts for 30% of the total thermal energy of human body, protein accounts for 15%, and carbohydrate accounts for about 55%, the human body will reach a good balance. As far as fat is concerned, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids are best balanced, that is, the ratio of 1: 1: 1. The optimum ratio of calcium and phosphorus is 2∶ 1. But it is difficult to operate so carefully in life. As long as you eat widely, don't be partial to food, and don't be picky about food, it's almost the same.
Effect of maternal malnutrition on fetus 1. Nutritional deficiency can easily lead to anemia during pregnancy.
About 20% pregnant women in urban population suffer from anemia in different degrees, while the incidence rate in rural areas is higher, reaching more than 40%. The main reason is the lack of iron, folic acid or vitamin B 12. Anemia during pregnancy not only affects maternal health, but also affects the growth and development of the fetus, as well as the neurobehavioral and intellectual level after birth.
2. Malnutrition affects the pregnancy outcome.
Nutrition during pregnancy is closely related to abortion, premature delivery and premature rupture of membranes. Serious lack of protein, vitamins and trace elements can lead to abortion; The reduction of copper ions in pregnant women's diet can reduce the synthesis of collagen fibers and elastic fibers in fibroblasts and reduce the elasticity of fetal membranes. Vitamin C deficiency can increase the brittleness of fetal membranes and increase the incidence of premature rupture of fetal membranes. In addition, the decrease of copper ion and zinc ion concentration in pregnant women's serum can lead to the occurrence of overdue pregnancy.
3. Fetal malformation caused by malnutrition
China is one of the countries with high incidence of birth defects. Every year, about160,000 deformed children are born, of which about 80? 654.38+00000 is a baby with visible defects. The causes of fetal malformation are very complicated, but the relationship between nutrition and fetal malformation has long attracted people's attention. For example, folic acid deficiency can lead to abortion, stillbirth and even neonatal cleft lip, cleft palate and neural tube malformation.
Malnutrition can easily lead to mental retardation.
Eugenics scientists found in experiments that if the embryo is malnourished, the number of brain cells is only 82% of that of excellent babies. And if the fetus is malnourished, even if the nutrition is improved after birth, it is still difficult to recover the intelligence. If malnutrition persists for a long time, the brain, cerebellum or brain stem are far behind the excellent infants, which is equivalent to 1/2 of the excellent infants? 3/4。