Smoking is harmful to health.

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Smoking is not good!

Reward score: 0- settlement time: 2007-11-2517: 04.

Excuse me, heroes, can you talk about the disadvantages of smoking?

Questioner: China Tobacco Online According to the Science and Technology Daily, secondhand smoke is also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Secondhand smoke includes mainstream smoke exhaled by smokers and sidestream smoke directly discharged from cigarettes, cigars or pipes. Secondhand smoke contains more than 4,000 substances, including more than 40 toxic substances related to cancer.

In secondhand smoke, the release rate of many compounds in sidestream smoke is often higher than that in mainstream smoke.

Secondhand smoke is also called environmental tobacco smoke. Secondhand smoke includes mainstream smoke exhaled by smokers and sidestream smoke directly discharged from cigarettes, cigars or pipes.

The report of the World Health Organization shows that smoking is harmful to human beings in many aspects, mainly leading to asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease and reproductive development. Among them, second-hand smoke is as harmful to passive smokers as active smokers, especially to children.

According to 1998, the evaluation results of a professional research institution in the United States show that the annual loss of asthma to the American economy reaches126 billion dollars, and about150,000 Americans suffer from asthma, of which 5 million are children. Since 1980, the incidence of asthma in children under 5 years old in the United States has increased significantly. According to statistics, about 5 100 people die of asthma every year in the United States, with an average of 14 people every day. Asthma causes American children to be absent from school for 6.5438+0.4 million days every year, which has become the most serious chronic disease affecting children's learning.

According to the report of the US Environmental Protection Agency, children are the biggest victims of environmental pollution. Usually, children will experience higher environmental exposure than adults, and they will breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults, thus inhaling more pollutants. Coupled with the hyperactivity of children, poor self-protection ability and imperfect immune function, they are most vulnerable to pollutants.

Secondhand smoke is the most common pollutant that harms children's health. According to the assessment of the World Health Organization, the hazards of second-hand smoke to children's health mainly include asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, tracheitis, pneumonia and ear inflammation. Exposure to secondhand smoke has led to an increase in the number of asthma attacks and aggravation of symptoms in 200,000 to 654.38 million+00,000 American children. About 654.38+0.8 months old infants suffer from respiratory diseases, and the growing prevalence of a childhood disease with middle ear effusion is related to second-hand smoke, among which about 75.00-654.38+0.5 million people need hospitalization every year; In addition, there are about 1900 to 2700 cases of sudden infant death syndrome in the United States every year, which is also considered to be related to the pollution of second-hand smoke.

Secondhand smoke is also the main stimulating factor of childhood asthma. A study shows that the combination of second-hand smoke and indoor mites will make the incidence of asthma in preschool children higher, especially in families where parents smoke, and the chances of their children suffering from related diseases are much higher than those in non-smoking families. In its report to Congress, the US Environmental Protection Agency pointed out that children are the most valuable assets of the United States, and their health is related to the quality and international competitiveness of future American citizens. Ms Whitman, the current director of the US Environmental Protection Agency, also pointed out: "Today, children account for14 of China's population, but they are 100% of China's future. The World Health Organization promises to cooperate with us to ensure that our children can drink safe water, breathe clean air and play on pollution-free land. "

In order to protect children from the harm of secondhand smoke, the United States has carried out a series of national actions for many years: among them, secondhand smoke was included in the assessment of the three major indoor environmental pollutants completed before 2000; The national asthma education and prevention project started as early as 1989; 1997 started the presidential task force on children's environmental risks with high priority, and launched the smoke-free family protection action last year.

(Note: The expert is Yang Guichen, Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences)

Source: China Tobacco Online According to the Science and Technology Daily,

Secondhand smoke is more harmful.

American medical researchers recently published a research report that passive smoking, commonly known as "second-hand smoke", is more dangerous than previously known. Some women who live with smokers are six times more likely to develop lung cancer than ordinary people.

After examining the tissues of 65,438+006 women living with smokers in Missouri, this study found that women with a gene mutation called "GSTMI" or lacking this gene are 2.6 to 6 times more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. At present, the gene "GSTMI" is considered to inactivate carcinogens in tobacco.

"Secondhand smoke" is more harmful than imagined. The researchers said that this study is a small-scale experiment and needs further confirmation and expansion. However, if this study is correct, the problem of environmental smoking is far more dangerous than previously known.

Lung cancer is considered as a civilized disease by the medical community, because its severity is constantly emerging with the progress of society. Since the 20th century, the incidence of lung cancer has greatly increased, and the growth rate is faster than other cancers. In the 1920s, there were only over 370 cases of lung cancer reported in the world, but by the 1950s, the number of people suffering from lung cancer in the United States alone was as high as 1830.

Prevention of lung cancer is better than cure.

The most common symptoms of lung cancer include long-term cough, even bloodshot sputum, and frequent chest feeling.

Uncomfortable, sultry, often accompanied by persistent cold symptoms or bronchitis, and even difficulty breathing.

Difficulties, etc.

Lung cancer metastasizes quickly, and the cure rate is worse than other cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Treatment of lung cancer

Methods include surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. About the prevention of lung cancer

The most sensible way is to stay away from cigarettes and smoke. At the same time, not only try not to smoke,

Don't let yourself get second-hand smoke, even in public places, try to avoid those who smoke.

Fog, avoid the harm of second-hand smoke.

Vitamin e reduces risk rate

Regarding the prevention of lung cancer, a report published by the National Cancer Institute of the United States a while ago said that one

Some foods rich in vitamin E can reduce the risk of lung cancer in smokers by 20%.

The researchers said that the study found that those with the highest vitamin E content in their blood had to put up with it.

The proportion of lung cancer has dropped. Those who smoke for the shortest time and have high levels of vitamin E in their blood,

The prevention effect is the best. But experts also pointed out that vitamin e, which has the function of preventing lung cancer, mainly comes from.

Food and whole wheat bread, not vitamin e supplements. Foods rich in vitamin e include hard food.

Fruits, green vegetables, beans, cereals, etc.

Tobacco harm is one of the most serious public health problems in the world today. At present, there are 1 1 100 million smokers in the world, and the annual death caused by tobacco is estimated to be1100,000. Every 10 second, one person dies from the harm of "cigarettes". How to reduce the harm of second-hand smoke is related to the health of smokers themselves and the sustainable and healthy development of social environment.

Smoke emitted by smoking can be divided into mainstream smoke (that is, smoke inhaled by smokers) and tributary smoke (that is, smoke emitted when tobacco is lit). Cigarettes contain more tobacco burning components than mainstream cigarettes. Among them, carbon monoxide and tributary flue gas are five times that of mainstream flue gas; Tar and nicotine are three times; Ammonia is 46 times; Nitramide is 50 times. According to calculation, in places with poor ventilation, the amount of cigarettes inhaled by non-smokers within 1 hour is equivalent to the average dose of 1 cigarette.

Non-smokers who smoke passively for more than 15 minutes every day are defined as passive smoking, also known as "forced smoking" or "indirect smoking". In daily life, most people can't completely avoid contact with smoke, so they become passive smokers. According to the results of the national smoking sampling survey, 39.75% of the 343,563 non-smokers were harmed by passive smoking. Passive smoking accounts for 67. 1% at home, 14.4% at work or other public places, and 18.96% at home and public places every day. The main places of passive smoking are family (7 1.2%) and public places (32.5%).

Passive smoking is especially harmful to infants, teenagers and women. For children, passive smoking can cause respiratory symptoms and diseases, affecting normal growth and development; For pregnant women, passive smoking can lead to stillbirth, miscarriage and low birth weight infants; Passive smoking also increases the risk of respiratory diseases, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases in adults.

In addition, the problem of second-hand smoke may produce a series of "relationship crises". Smoking in the family environment and smoking in the office environment is likely to affect the harmony between people.

In order to let us all have a fresh living space. On the one hand, smokers should try to smoke fewer cigarettes with high tar content and try to control the quantity of cigarettes. Smokers and "second-hand smoke" should strengthen health care, such as taking more vitamin E supplements and doing more physical exercise. On the other hand, we should pay attention to smoking less in public places, especially in indoor spaces with poor ventilation conditions, so as to reduce the pollution to the breathing environment of ourselves and others. It is best to take active measures to eliminate or reduce air pollution in the environment where people smoke frequently, such as homes, offices and conference rooms. For example, put some green plants such as chlorophytum and ivy, or use air purification equipment. In addition, passive smokers should strengthen their awareness of rights and interests, make full use of the rights conferred by laws and regulations, and discourage smokers in indoor environments such as offices and families.

===

(1) Why do teenagers smoke?

Teenagers look forward to the image and status of adults. Smoking is to express their growth, or to represent maturity and charm. Some young people will try smoking out of curiosity. Teenagers often think that they are infinite in youth and are not afraid of disease or death.

Pharmacologists say that nicotine in tobacco can stimulate the central nervous system, which has many pharmacological effects and can make people addicted.

Psychologists, on the other hand, believe that smoking is a habit and an accumulated behavior through constant practice. In fact, whether it is addiction or habit, smoking will unconsciously affect the mood and thinking of smokers, and then "control" the lives of smokers.

(2) Composition of cigarettes and diseases caused by them:

According to research, cigarettes and smoke produced after combustion contain more than 4000 kinds of harmful substances, which can be divided into four categories from the medical point of view:

Carbon monoxide:

The concentration of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke is about 400ppm, and its binding force with red blood cells is about 2 10 times that of oxygen and red blood cells. Therefore, after carbon monoxide is inhaled into the body, the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen will be reduced, leading to hypoxia in the body. The heart is an organ with considerable oxygen demand in the human body. If the heart lacks oxygen, it will cause angina pectoris (the condition needs to be explained), and in severe cases it will lead to death.

Nicotine:

Nicotine will have many effects after entering the human body, such as contraction of peripheral blood vessels in limbs, rapid heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, accelerated breathing, mental state changes (such as emotional stability or mental excitement), and promote platelet aggregation. It is the main accomplice of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiovascular obstruction, hypertension and stroke.

Irritant:

Stimulating substances produced by incense will not only stimulate the eyes, nose and throat, but also stimulate the secretion of bronchial submucosal glands, leading to repeated attacks of acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis.

Carcinogen:

According to the research statistics of American scholars Doll and Peto, the number of deaths caused by smoking accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths, and it is the most influential carcinogenic factor (mainly lung cancer) among all known or predicted carcinogenic factors. If people can quit smoking, cancer mortality will be reduced by one third.

Besides, smoking can also cause gastric ulcer. Smoking in pregnant women can easily lead to premature delivery and underweight of the fetus, and even increase the probability of miscarriage.

(3) The hazards of second-hand smoke:

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), also known as second-hand smoke, is one of the most widely distributed and harmful indoor air pollutants, which mainly comes from mainstream tobacco exhaled by smokers and tributary tobacco released by burning cigarette butts.

According to the experimental results, the impact of second-hand smoke on health is similar to that of smokers. For example, if a person doesn't smoke, but his spouse smokes, the incidence of lung cancer will increase by 20% ~ 50%, and the infection rate of innocent people living in an environment filled with cigarette smoke will be 20% ~ 30%.

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, 53,000 people die from this "negative tobacco poisoning" every year.

(4) How to refuse to smoke secondhand smoke?

Tell others and your friends that you don't like smoking.

Don't accept cigarettes handed by others, and form the habit of refusing.

No matter where you are, stick to the "no smoking area".

(5) How to reduce the harm of second-hand smoke inhalation to our health?

Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables (especially rich in carotene and vitamin C).

Because vitamins have antioxidant function, they can fight cancer (such as papaya, tomato, carrot, pumpkin and other fruits and vegetables). )

Drink more water and urinate more. More exercise and sweating can accelerate the elimination of nicotine in the body.

Respondent: Zhou Anxin-Grade 1 2007-11-2511:57.

Let me comment >>

The questioner's evaluation of the answer: Thank you for your suggestions! Personal suggestions are very good!

Other answers *** 5

Well, no problem!

Respondent: litin 1985- level 5 2007-11-23 20: 51.

(1) Smoking can aggravate vascular endothelial dysfunction and make fat metabolism disorder;

(2) Smoking can promote the occurrence of diabetes and nephropathy, leading to proteinuria and renal insufficiency;

(3) Smoking can cause chronic hypoxia, endanger the respiratory system, and lead to chronic bronchitis and lung cancer;

(4) Smoking will increase the risk of gum disease.

Interviewee: My Health Home-Level 2 2007-11-23 21:01.

Smoking is the act of inhaling smoke and chemical components produced by burning tobacco products (tobacco leaves), especially smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes.

Smoking is shaped by tobacco dealers, advertisers and manufacturers.

Smokers and passive smokers also inhale hundreds of harmful chemicals. Smoking can not only cause breath, tooth stains, cough, excessive phlegm or throat discomfort, but also cause various diseases and increase the chances of impotence and cancer.

Reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Blood clots tend to block blood vessels, which may lead to myocardial infarction and heart disease.

Increase the risk of impotence

Reduce sperm count (20% less than non-smokers on average)

The chance of sperm malformation will be twice as high as that of ordinary people.

Increase the chance of partner abortion and fetal malformation

Pharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, hematological cancer, breast cancer, etc.

Smoking actually harms the health of smokers and passive smokers nearby.

Respondent: Lan Bingrong 13 Grade 2007-11-23 21:06.

Hurt yourself

Hurt people around you.

Especially those who smoke regularly.

Easy to cause cancer

Respondent: Joandan-Level 1 2007-11-23 22:10.

First of all, realize the benefits of quitting smoking:

Just one day after quitting smoking, the benefits of quitting smoking to the heart, blood pressure and blood system will appear. After quitting smoking 1 year, the excess risk of coronary heart disease is reduced by half compared with that of continuous smokers.

After quitting smoking for 5 years-15 years, the risk of stroke dropped to the level of never smokers.

After quitting smoking 10 years, the risk of lung cancer is reduced by half compared with those who continue to smoke. The risk of oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer and pancreatic cancer is reduced, and the risk of gastric ulcer is reduced.

After quitting smoking 15 years, the risk of coronary heart disease is similar to that of never smokers. The overall risk of death has returned to the level of never-smokers. Therefore, it is never too late to quit smoking, and it is best to quit smoking before your health is seriously damaged.

How to quit smoking (1);

1. Quit smoking From now on, the method of completely quitting smoking or gradually reducing the number of smoking will generally be successful in 3 ~ 4 months.

2. Throw away all cigarettes, lighters, matches and ashtrays.

3. Avoid places or activities where you are used to smoking.

Drink water, eat fruit or take a walk after meals to get rid of the idea of smoking a cigarette after meals.

When the addiction comes, you should take a deep breath immediately, or chew sugar-free gum, and avoid replacing cigarettes with snacks, otherwise your blood sugar will rise and your body will be overweight.

6. Resolutely refuse the temptation of cigarettes and always remind yourself that another cigarette is enough to make the plan to quit smoking go up in smoke.

How to spend the first 5 days of quitting smoking? Provide the following seven ways to quit smoking (2):

(l) Drink 6-8 glasses of water between meals to promote nicotine excretion.

(2) Take a warm bath every day. If you can't help smoking, you can drench yourself immediately.

(3) Quit smoking for five days, have a full rest and live a regular life.

(4) Take an outdoor walk after dinner and take a deep breath 15-30 minutes.

(5) Drink milk, fresh fruit juice and cereal drinks instead of stimulating drinks.

(6) Try to avoid eating poultry food, fried food, candy and dessert.

(7) you can eat a variety of vitamin B groups, which can calm your nerves and eliminate nicotine.

The doctor pointed out that after the first five days, the following methods can be used to maintain the "success" of quitting smoking.

(1) Brush your teeth or rinse your mouth after meals, wear clean clothes and don't smoke.

(2) Replace the habit of smoking with a pen or pencil.

(3) Stay in the library or other places where smoking is not allowed most of the time.

(4) Avoid going to bars and attending banquets, and avoid being with heavy smokers.

(5) Buy yourself a gift with the money saved by not smoking.

(6) Prepare to quit the habit of wanting to smoke within 2-3 weeks.

It is no problem to quit smoking by combining the two. Perseverance is very important, hehe.

There is also a smoking cessation clinic with limited coverage. Please have a look at the introduction:

Smokers have to go through several stages to quit smoking: before considering it, consider quitting smoking, prepare to quit smoking, take action to quit smoking, keep quitting smoking or relapse. Many people may repeat the above process before quitting smoking completely, but some people report that they find it easier to quit smoking than they thought. Different stages need different suggestions and treatment methods.

At present, there are some ways to help quit smoking. Social support provided by doctors; Skills training; Nicotine replacement therapy using nicotine patch and nicotine gum, as well as drug therapy, are all effective smoking cessation treatments. If these methods are used together, the effect will be more obvious.

Most smokers rely on tobacco. When they try to quit smoking, they will have strong withdrawal symptoms such as addiction, irritability, inattention and irritability. Nicotine replacement therapy is an economical and effective treatment method, which can more than double the smoking cessation rate by reducing smoking addiction. Its effect has been confirmed by short-term intervention, sales as over-the-counter drugs and smoking cessation clinics. Nicotine replacement therapy, as an effective public health measure to help quit smoking, should be paid enough attention to to promote most smokers to quit smoking.

Quitting smoking is the only and most effective health decision for middle-aged and elderly people in China to improve their health.

For love, for family, for the health of yourself and others, be strong-willed and overcome all difficulties. Persistence is victory, hehe.