Look through old materials in the past, such as place names, ancient books, genealogy, history books, etc. Dehua County mentioned above is not all Dehua County in Fujian today, but a part of Jiujiang County in Jiangxi today. It was also called Dehua County before 19 14 years ago, and it was far away from Dehua County in Fujian in the winter of 19 14.
If you are engaged in archaeological research, such as asking for information about Dehua County, don't stare at one place. If Fujian can't find clues, you can go to Jiangxi to ask. If Jiangxi can't find clues, you can go to Fujian to ask.
Dehua County, Jiangxi Province has been renamed as 19 14, which is not introduced here. If you need to know, you can refer to Jiujiang's information. The following is Dehua County, Fujian Province.
Geographical survey
Dehua County is located in the middle of Fujian Province, in the northwest of Quanzhou City, with the north latitude of 25 23 ′ ~ 25 57 ′ and the east longitude of117 56 ′ ~118 33 ′. Youxi County in the north, Yongchun County in the south, Datian County in the west, Xianyou County and Yongtai County in the east. It is about 128km from Quanzhou and 168km from Xiamen. Dehua-Quanzhou Expressway is open to traffic, and the planned Xiamen-Shaxian Expressway runs through the east and west. The county is 62. 1 km long from east to west and 60.4 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 22.32 16 square kilometers, of which the mountainous area is 2.73 million mu, accounting for 8 1.6% of the total area. Cultivated land area 186 168 mu, accounting for 5.6% of the total area, with 0.62 mu of cultivated land per capita.
The total population of the country is 304,802 (at the end of 2003), and the agricultural population of Central Africa is 54,330. Mainly Han nationality, there are 1 1 She, Hui, Zhuang, Manchu, Gaoshan and other ethnic minorities. Common Minnan dialect.
administrative division
County People's Government in Xunzhong Town. The county has jurisdiction over 8 townships 18: Xunzhong Town, Longxun Town, Sanban Town, Longmentan Town, Leifeng Town, Chengnan Town, Shuikou Town, Chishui Town, Shang Yong Town, Gekeng Town, Yangmei Township, Tangtou Township, Guiyang Township, Gaide Township, Baoguo Township, Hu Mei Township and Daming Township. * * * There are 1 1 communities, 19 1 administrative villages.
title of honour
It was awarded the titles of "Hometown of Ceramics in China", "Hometown of Small Hydropower in China", "Hometown of Folk (Ceramic) Art in China", "Ceramic Capital of China" and "National Copyright Protection Demonstration Unit".
Dehua city sculpture
Dehua, as a famous ceramic city in China, has a glorious history of manufacturing and exporting ceramics for thousands of years, but there is no urban sculpture for a long time. As early as 1993 and 10, during the first China Dehua International Ceramics Festival held in June, celebrities in the fields of ceramics, literature and history solemnly proposed to have Dehua city sculptures. After more than ten years of soliciting opinions from all walks of life, the representative work of Dehua porcelain saint He Chaozong in the Ming Dynasty and the national first-class cultural relic "Crossing the Sea Guanyin" collected by Quanzhou Cape Museum were finally selected as the prototype of the city sculpture.
The blank of Dehua's large-scale porcelain sculpture Crossing the Sea Guanyin is 7.5 meters high and consists of 137 pieces. After firing, it is as high as 6.4 meters, with more than 8 tons of porcelain clay and only half a ton of head soil. It is not easy for stone carvings and wood carvings to reach this height, and so far there is no written record of porcelain reaching this height. Because of the huge project, the modern grouting method is not suitable for the blank molding of Guanyin statue, so the blank manufacturing method is the traditional manual printing method, which leads to the blank thickness of the same part is different, the thickest part is 20 cm, while the thinnest part is only 3 cm, and each finished product weighs nearly 100 kg, which increases the difficulty of firing. Dehua science and technology team applied modern automation technology and specially developed computer automatic control system. The time and temperature target values of each program cycle are set by computer editing, and the heating rate is automatically calculated, which can automatically run, raise the temperature at a constant speed, lower the temperature at a constant speed, and automatically tell the operating state of the kiln by sound and light.
It is reported that at present, "Crossing the Sea Guanyin" has entered the stage of firing ceramic blanks. After firing, it will be located in the Cidu Cultural Square in the center of Dehua to welcome guests from all over the world.
Dehua ceramic street
In Dehua, the capital of porcelain, there is a characteristic street full of "porcelain fragrance", that is, the ceramic street located in Longpeng Street, which is also the window image of Dehua, the capital of porcelain. This street is a collection of exquisite ceramics from Dehua County. Visitors can see the essence of ceramics in the porcelain capital, and ceramic players can also enjoy the brand products of various businesses here at will. All kinds of products are dazzling, involving nearly 10 thousand varieties in four categories: daily-use ceramics, traditional sculpture ceramics, western ceramics and laterite ceramics. It is the "Grand View Garden" of Dehua ceramic products.
Natural geographical conditions
The terrain inclines from the middle to the four sides, showing a layered shape and descending step by step. Daiyun Mountain is spread all over the country, with most areas above 700 meters above sea level and more than 200 peaks 1000 meters above sea level. The elevation of the main peak in Dai Yun is1856m. With Dai Yun as the center, rivers are distributed in veins, belonging to Minjiang River system and Jinjiang River system. _ Creek and Yongxi, originating from the main peak of Dai Yun, bypass the north and south of the county, flow eastward from Yongtai County, and flow into Minjiang River through Minhou County. It belongs to subtropical maritime monsoon climate, with annual average temperature of 17.9℃, 1 monthly average temperature of 9℃, July average temperature of 26℃, annual precipitation of 1800~ 1900mm and frost-free period of about 270 days.
topography
The county has a high terrain and complex terrain. The landform is dominated by low mountains. The mountains in the territory are continuous, mostly northeast-southwest, the valleys are cut sharply, the canyons are well developed, and there are obvious mountain views. In the meantime, there are occasional mountain basins and valley terraces scattered among them. Generally, the terrain is slightly inclined in all directions from the middle, layered and stepped down. Daiyun Mountain, the second peak in Fujian Province, is located in the middle, with an altitude of 1856 meters. The lowest point is only 2 17 meters. There are 258 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level, which is called "the roof of central Fujian". The famous peaks are Dai Yun, Jiuxian Mountain and Stone Niu Shan.
The central part of Dehua County is towering, gradually descending in steps around, and the southeast is lower than the northwest. More than 75% of the villages in the county are 600 ~ 900 meters above sea level. Among them, the mountains with an altitude of 800- 1856 meters account for 39.24% of the total land area, about 13 12900 mu, mainly distributed in Chishui, Shang Yong, Guiyang, Gekeng, Tangtou, Daming, Leifeng, Cheng Nan and other towns; The mountainous area with an altitude of 500-800 meters accounts for 46.43% of the total land area, about 1553400 mu; Mountain hills, basins and valley terraces with an altitude of 2 17-500m only account for 14.3% of the total area, mainly distributed in Leifeng, Xunzhong, Sanban and other towns.
Geology and earthquake
Geographically, Dehua County is located in Pinghe County, east of the Tai Po fault zone in Guangdong Province. Western margin of late paleocene Cathaysian paleouplift. The geological structure is complex, with the characteristics of multiple cycles and multiple structural layers. Mainly include: Yangtze and Caledonian tectonic layers, Variscan to Indosinian tectonic layers, Yanshan tectonic layers and Himalayan tectonic layers.
Dehua County is located in the middle of Changle-Zhaoan active fault, and there is Leifeng Ruiban-Chengguan fault zone in the territory. The basic earthquake intensity in Dehua County is 6 degrees. In Dehua County, the plates cut by faults have risen slowly in the long history of geological development, with an average annual increase of 65438±0mm, which is the main reason why Daiyun Mountain Range has become the "roof of central Fujian". The geothermal water (hot springs) and the epicenter of small earthquakes in Dehua County are mostly distributed in the old fault active zone, which is the key area for earthquake resistance and disaster prevention in China.
climate
Belonging to the tropical climate zone of Central Asia, it has the characteristics of moderate temperature and cool, four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, the same season of rain and heat, humid and foggy, and slightly less sunshine. At the same time, due to the disparity in altitude and complex terrain, it has the characteristics of great vertical climate change and prominent microclimate. The annual average temperature in Chengguan is 18.0℃, the average maximum temperature is 23.3℃, and the average minimum temperature is 14. 1℃. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 25.9℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 36.6℃. The average temperature in Leng Yue (65438+1October) is 9.2℃, and the extreme minimum temperature in Jiuxian Mountain is-13.6℃. The annual average sunshine 1802.4 hours, and the frost-free period is about 270 days on average. The annual average precipitation is1789.0mm. In the spring rain season (March-April), the average precipitation is 3 10mm, accounting for17.3% of the annual precipitation; The average rainfall in rainy season (May-June) is 557mm, accounting for 365,438+0.65,438+0% of the annual rainfall. Typhoon and thunderstorm season (July to September), the average precipitation is 650 mm, accounting for 36.3% of the annual precipitation; In the rainy season (10 ~ February), the average precipitation is 272mm, accounting for 15.2% of the annual precipitation. The maximum precipitation in the coming year is 2485.7mm (196 1 year).
hydrology
The rivers in the territory are distributed around Daiyun Mountain in the form of veins, belonging to Minjiang River system and Jinjiang River system. The total length of streams in the county is 495.06 kilometers (the width of streams is more than10m), the density of river network is 0.222km/km2, the annual runoff depth is1000-1300mm, and the total runoff is 2.295 billion cubic meters.
There are _ creek, Yongxi, Dazhangxi and Xiaoyouxi 12 rainwater catchments with an area of 50 square kilometers and a length of 10 kilometers. Among them, Xiaoxi and Yongxi have the largest rainwater collection area, the longest river and the largest flow.
Rivers in the urban area include _ Creek and its tributaries Dingxi and Yingxi, which pass through the central city.
_ Stream: located in the upper reaches of Dazhangxi, with a total length of10/km, it is the longest river in China. Originating from the southern slope of Daiyun Mountain, the surge mouth from the southeast of the county seat to Huban Village in Shuikou Township joins another major river in the northern part of the county seat, the surge creek, and flows into the Minjiang River through Yongtai and Minhou. The drainage area is 958 square kilometers, the average river ratio is reduced to 6.5‰, and the annual average runoff is 1, 65.438+0.72 billion cubic meters. It is the main water source of Dehua County.
Dingxi: Originated under the snow-capped mountain in Gaide Township, it flows through Fuyang, Ji You, Yingshan, Dingxi and Dingxi Village, and enters the stream before the county government, with a drainage area of 35 square kilometers. River length 13.4km, and average riverbed gradient is 3 1.88‰.
Yingxi: Originating at the foot of Jinji Mountain in Gezai, Xunzhong Town, it flows through Fairyland, Han Long and Xunzhong Village, and flows into _ Xi, with a drainage area of 17 square kilometers, a river length of 8.6 kilometers and an average riverbed gradient of 44. 16‰.
natural resource
There are many mountains, forests, water, minerals, creatures, specialties and energy, and it is known as the treasure house in central Fujian. Forest resources are abundant, with forestland area of 2.507 million mu, forest coverage rate of 75.5% and forest stock of 9 1.82 million cubic meters. Due to the vertical climate characteristics, there are many tree species, including 864 vascular plants; The average water production per square kilometer for many years is 1 123400 cubic meters, and the per capita possession is 2.2 times of the provincial average, 3.8 times of the national average and equivalent to the world average. The terrain is high in elevation difference, the stream slope is large, and the hydraulic resources are rich, which can develop 240,000 kilowatts. According to preliminary exploration, there are more than 40 kinds of mineral resources in China, including kaolin, coal, limestone, iron ore, peat, pyrophyllite, gold, copper, tungsten and manganese, among which the long-term reserves of kaolin, iron ore and limestone are all above 1 100 million tons. Rich in biological resources, there are many kinds of wild and artificially propagated plants and animals. Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve is a provincial key nature reserve. China's rare plants include Pinus tabulaeformis, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus mairei, Golden Hairy, Alsophila spinulosa, Liriodendron chinense, Pterocarya stenoptera, Fokienia hodginsii, Cinnamomum camphora, and Red Bean Tree. Provincial key protected plants include Taxodium ascendens, Taxodium ascendens, Cyclobalanopsis Fukiensis, Phragmites australis, Hemlock, Dalbergia odorifera and so on. In addition, there are many precious flowers such as orchids, azaleas and camellias, among which "Eighteen Bachelor" camellias are well-known at home and abroad, and "Black Peony" won the national high-quality camellias award. National rare animals include pythons, clouded leopards, yellow-bellied pheasants, tiger frog, Sumen antelope, macaques, pangolins, otters, crested deer, black bears, golden cats, civets, snake sculptures, silver pheasants, mandarin ducks and salamanders. Provincial rare animals include flying squirrel, flat-breasted turtle with big head, thorn-breasted frog and so on. Animals with high economic value include turtles and river snails.
natural disaster
There are "three chills", including rain, frost, typhoon, drought and hail. Late spring cold occurs in March-April of early rice sowing date, and the average daily temperature is lower than 65438 02℃ for three consecutive days or more, with a probability of 54.8%. The "May Cold" occurred from mid-May to early June at the booting stage of early rice, and the average daily temperature was below 20℃ for three consecutive days or more, with a probability of 58. 1%. The "type 20" autumn cold occurs from late September of 10 to early October of 10 with a probability of 22%. Continuous rain for more than 5 days occurs twice a year, with a probability of more than 50%. The typhoon (tropical storm) affecting the whole county is 10 at most and 1 0 at least, with an average of 3-4 times a year, mainly from July to September, accounting for about 80%; The earliest typhoon was 6103 (May 20th), the latest typhoon was 6721(165438+1October 17), the strongest typhoon was 9009, and the rainfall was 450.8 mm ... The average rainstorm days in Chengguan. 13 (1990) has the most days, L (1964) has the least days, and the rainstorm days are the most in May, June and August. The rainstorm with daily rainfall ≥ 100.0mm occurs for 0.90 days every year, and the maximum daily rainfall reaches 208.8mm (19665438+May 20th, 0). Torrential rain is easy to cause mountain torrents and local floods, with an average annual flood of 1.2 times, up to 6 times. Drought includes spring drought, early summer drought, autumn and winter drought, spring drought and summer drought once every two years, and autumn and winter drought once every two to four years. Hail, one of the main hail areas in Fujian Province, mostly occurs between spring and summer or summer and autumn, mostly in July, with a probability of 50%. It is often accompanied by storms and lightning strikes, with an annual average of 1~2 days. 6 days at most, and the maximum hail is 3.2 kg.
Administrative evolution
Before the establishment of Dehua County, the territory belonged to Youxi County and Yongtai County. During Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785~795), Guiyi Township of Yongtai County was located in Dehua County, which was subordinate to Yongtai County and took shape. After the Five Dynasties, in the fourth year of Changxing in Tang Dynasty and the first year of Qiongqi in Ming Dynasty (933), it left Yongtai County and returned to Dehua County, and then it was shipped out in the second year of Houjin and the third year of tomorrow (945). Dehua County belongs to the eastern capital of Fujian (now Fuzhou). In the second year of Ganwei in the later Han Dynasty, in the seventh year of Baoda in the southern Tang Dynasty (949), Youxi County was analyzed as Changping, and the second township in the city was under the jurisdiction of Dehua County, and it was the Qingyuan Army in the southern Tang Dynasty (now Quanzhou). Song belongs to Qingyuan Army, Pinghai Army and Quanzhou Army. Yuan belongs to Quanzhou Road, Quanningfu and Quanzhou Province. Ming belongs to Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Minister of State. In the early Qing Dynasty, it followed the Ming system. In the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734), it was transferred to Zhili Prefecture, and Fujian Buzheng made Si Yongchun. During the Republic of China, it was under the fourth, sixth, seventh and ninth administrative supervision areas of Xingquan Yongdao (Lu Nan Road and Xiamen Road) in Fujian. 1949165438+1liberation on October 24th. It belongs to the seventh district of Fujian Province (later renamed Yong 'an District). 1950 10 was assigned to Jinjiang Special Zone; 197 1 year, Jinjiang District was renamed Jinjiang District, and Quanzhou City was established in 1985, and Dehua County is still under its jurisdiction.
General economic and social situation
In 2004, the county's GDP (current price) was 5.926 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 13.9% over the previous year. Gross industrial and agricultural output value 102438+0 billion yuan, up 18.6%. The total fiscal revenue was 477.98 million yuan, up by 17.0% (excluding funds, the total fiscal revenue was 469.58 million yuan, up by 15.7%), of which the general budget revenue was 22176,000 yuan, up by 18.5%. The per capita net income of farmers was 43 15 yuan, with an increase of 10.5%. At the end of the year, the balance of various deposits in the financial system was 2,654.38+84 million yuan, an increase of12.9% over the end of the previous year; The balance of various loans was RMB 20,654,38+065,438+0 billion, an increase of 65,438+02.5%.
Agricultural production. Gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery101500 million yuan, up by 7.5%. Implementation of the "improved seed project", the introduction and promotion of 57 famous and excellent varieties, the development of high-quality rice production belt of 0.6 million hectares, the annual grain planting area of 65,438 0.68 million hectares, the total output of 92,900 tons, up 2.0% and 2.8% respectively. Development of pollution-free vegetables, edible fungi, Dehua pear, day lily, bamboo for bamboo shoots, potatoes, Daiyunshan sheep, Dai Yun black-bone chicken and other ecological, characteristic and efficient agricultural products, consolidation and expansion of municipal bases 1 base, four county bases, and township bases 16. New (expanded) biological fire forest belt is 238 kilometers. The newly cultivated forest and bamboo base is 4,266.7 hectares, the forest coverage rate is 77 1%, and the forest volume is102,000 cubic meters. Daiyunshan Nature Reserve was upgraded to a national nature reserve.
Industrial economy. The total industrial output value of the county is 9.256 billion yuan, up by 19.8%, and the industrial added value accounts for 5 1. 1% of the total industrial output value of the county, of which the industrial output value above designated size is 3.89 billion yuan, up by 38.9%. There are 74 newly-established industrial enterprises, 43 industrial enterprises with capital increase and production expansion and technological transformation, 250,000 square meters of newly-built standardized workshops with an investment of 65.438+300 million yuan and 654.38+086.7 hectares of newly-built industrial project parks. Ceramic production maintained rapid growth, with an output value of 5.878 billion yuan, an increase of 16 1%, and tax payment of1930,000 yuan. The mineral smelting industry has a strong development momentum, with an output value of1/kloc-0.50 billion yuan, an increase of 21%; The tax was 57.37 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 65.438+0.32%. The electric power industry has developed in an orderly manner, with newly put into operation 17 power stations and installed hydropower capacity10.2 million kilowatts, making it the first in the province to become a national hydropower rural electrification county one and a half years ahead of schedule.
The tertiary industry. The added value of the tertiary industry in the county was 2.007 billion yuan, an increase of 1 1. 1%. The mountain resort was completed and put into use, and the "China Ceramic Capital Dehua Eco-tourism Promotion Conference" was successfully held, and the tourism industry continued to heat up. The investment in real estate industry was 65.438+0.40 billion yuan, and the business tax was 65.438+0.785 billion yuan, up by 30.8% and 60.8% respectively. Retail sales of social consumer goods156.4 million yuan, up by 22.9%; The wholesale and retail trade volume was 654.38+27.4 million yuan, an increase of 4654.38+0.2%; The consumer price index is 103.7%.
Foreign trade and economic cooperation. Chengdu Dehua Famous Porcelain Exhibition was successfully held in 2004, and enterprises were organized to participate in the first China Fujian Commodity Fair, Ma Erkai International Consumer Goods Exhibition and other well-known large-scale exhibitions (sales) at home and abroad. There are 26 new self-operated import and export enterprises (including foreign-funded enterprises) in the county, and 92 enterprises with self-operated export performance; The county's export delivery value is 4.83 billion yuan, of which the total self-export is 96.22 million US dollars, up 16.3% year-on-year. Successfully docked two projects at the second China Fujian Project Achievement Fair, with a total investment of 76.8 million yuan; There were newly approved foreign-funded enterprises 10, and the actually used foreign capital was 3.37 million US dollars, an increase of 47%.
Regional economy. Continue to implement the development strategy of "Great Chengguan". Chengguan built-up area has expanded from 2.73 square kilometers in 1995 to 8.2 square kilometers now, and the urban population is nearly 1700, accounting for 55.5% of the total population. Longxun and Xunzhong Chengguan paid taxes of 65.438+9047 million yuan and 65.438+327 million yuan respectively, accounting for 65.5% of the county's total urban economy. There are 6 enterprises with tax payment exceeding 6.5438+million yuan, 6.5438+02 enterprises with tax payment exceeding 5 million yuan, 40 enterprises with tax payment exceeding 2 million yuan, 93 enterprises with tax payment exceeding 6.5438+million yuan, 6.5438+074 enterprises with tax payment exceeding 500,000 yuan and 228 enterprises with tax payment exceeding 300,000 yuan.
Key construction. The fixed assets investment of the whole society was 974 million yuan, up by 17.7%. The construction of 60 key projects was solidly promoted, and the operating rate reached 78.3%. The preliminary work of the construction of Dehua connecting line of Quansan Expressway was carried out in an orderly manner. The upgrading and reconstruction project of provincial highway 206 with an investment of more than 90 million yuan is progressing smoothly, laying 72.5 kilometers of rural cement roads. The transformation of Chengguan Power Grid was basically completed; Guang 'an natural gas project was completed and put into operation, with a daily gas supply of 85,000 cubic meters.
Social undertakings. 32,430 square meters of new school buildings were built and 3 primary schools were merged; Add 2 municipal junior high schools and 2 primary schools; The college entrance examination admitted 1069 people, with an admission rate of 75.6%. Dehua County Ceramics magazine was officially published, and the provincial ceramic industry technology development base settled in Ceramic Vocational and Technical College, and was awarded the honorary title of "Dehua, the ceramic capital of China" by China Light Industry Federation and China Ceramic Industry Association; It has been rated as "the advanced county of national scientific and technological progress" for three times in a row and won the title of "the advanced county of popular science in Fujian Province". The penetration rate of program-controlled telephones and digital mobile phones reached 59.8%. The birth rate is 10.25‰, and the policy compliance rate is 98.47%. It won the title of "Excellent and Advanced County for Family Planning Services". Successfully held the 8th National Fitness Festival and the 2nd County Farmers' Games. It has won the title of "provincial civilized and sanitary county" for five consecutive years, and its public security satisfaction rate ranks in the forefront of Quanzhou.
In March, 20021year, Dehua County ranked 83rd in the list of top 100 special foods in China.
From June 5438 to February 2020, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced the second batch of national tourism demonstration zones, and Dehua County was on the list.
In June, 2020 165438+ 10, the Central Civilization Office announced the list of cities selected for the 6th National Civilized City, and Dehua County was awarded the 6th National Civilized City.
In September 2020, Ali Research Institute released "Top 100 Counties in Taobao Village in 2020", and Dehua County was famous on the list, ranking 86th.
In July, 2020, Dehua County was reconfirmed as a national health township (county) in 2020 in patriotic health campaign committee.
In May 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the demonstration list of new urbanization construction in county towns, and Dehua County was on the list.
In August of 20 19, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties of rural e-commerce in 20 19 was released, and Dehua county was on the list.
From 2065438 to March 2009, Dehua County was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (formerly the Central Soviet Area).
2065438+In August 2008, Dehua County won the honor of the fourth batch of advanced units in legal counties and cities nationwide.
20 17 10 the Ministry of housing and urban-rural development named Dehua county as a national garden county in 20 17.
2065438+September 2007, the Ministry of Environmental Protection awarded Dehua County the title of the first batch of national demonstration cities and counties for ecological civilization construction.
In February of 20 16, Dehua county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 15.
On June 5438+ 10, 2009, Dehua county was included in the second national civilized villages and towns list.