With regard to ecological information, ecological environmental protection is an important chapter in the glorious history of the party for a hundred years. The ecological environment is also the foundation for the existence and development of human civilization. Ancient civilizations in history all originated from areas with good ecological environment. The following is information about ecology.
Ecological information 1 1. Ecological civilization is a new stage of the development of human civilization, that is, the form of civilization after industrial civilization; Ecological civilization is the sum total of material and spiritual achievements made by human beings following the objective law of harmonious development of man, nature and society.
2. Ecological civilization is a social form with the basic purpose of harmony, virtuous circle, all-round development and sustained prosperity between man and nature, man and man, and man and society.
3. From the perspective of harmony between man and nature, the definition of absorbing the achievements of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is that ecological civilization is the sum of material achievements, spiritual achievements and institutional achievements made by human beings to protect and build a beautiful ecological environment. It is a systematic project, which runs through the whole process of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, and reflects the civilization and progress of a society.
Rivers dry up, forests decrease, animal extinction, ozone layer destruction, greenhouse effect and so on.
Greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone layer destruction are the environmental impacts caused by air pollution. This kind of environmental effect from environmental pollution is lagging behind, and it is often difficult to be detected or predicted when pollution occurs. However, once it happens, it means that environmental pollution has developed to a very serious degree. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is to reduce the environmental quality of human beings and affect their quality of life, physical health and production activities. For example, urban air pollution causes air pollution, and the incidence of people is rising. Water pollution worsens the quality of water environment, and the quality of drinking water sources generally declines, threatening people's health and causing premature birth or malformation of fetus. serious
Pollution incidents not only bring health problems, but also cause social problems. With the intensification of pollution and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, disputes and conflicts between people caused by pollution have increased year by year.
At present, environmental pollution problems have appeared in different degrees all over the world, including atmospheric environmental pollution, marine pollution and urban environmental problems. With the globalization of economy and trade, environmental pollution is becoming more and more international, and the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes has also appeared in recent years.
It is the outstanding performance in this respect.
The adverse effects of the destruction of the earth on human beings are as follows: the ecological environment situation is very severe. First, soil erosion is serious, land desertification is accelerating, forest ecological function is declining, grassland resources are degraded, and water ecological environment system is still deteriorating; Second, the water environment pollution in agriculture and rural areas is serious, and the food safety problem is increasingly prominent; Third, the invasion of harmful alien species, the sharp decline of biodiversity, the loss of genetic resources and the destruction of biological resources are not optimistic; Fourth, due to China's huge population and high natural population growth rate, the per capita possession of important resources related to the national economy and people's livelihood has been declining, and the resource crisis has emerged; Fifth, the ecological function continues to decline, ecological security is threatened, the output of industrial solid waste increases sharply, the total amount of air pollution is still at a high level, global warming, ozone layer destruction and so on.
The present situation of ecological environment not only brings great destructive power to the ecological environment, but also restricts the coordinated development of economy and society and slows down the socialist process. First of all, the great destruction of the ecological environment has caused us great economic losses. Take the annual flood disaster in China as an example. After a disaster, thousands of people left us forever, a large number of people were homeless, countless beautiful homes were destroyed, countless fertile fields were flooded, and traffic was interrupted by road damage. Let's carefully estimate whether we have suffered huge economic losses. Secondly, the arbitrary discharge of waste water, waste gas, waste residue and other wastes leads to the pollution of the atmosphere, rivers and land, the serious destruction of the ecological environment, and also seriously damages the physical and mental health of the broad masses of people; Thirdly, due to the serious destruction of vegetation, serious soil erosion and increasingly serious land desertification, many farmers have been forced to leave their homes, and most of them have no fixed place to live, which has aggravated social instability. In fact, there are still many bad consequences caused by destroying the environment.
② Causes of environmental pollution
Generally speaking, environmental pollution can be the result of human activities and natural activities, or the result of the interaction of these two activities. For example, volcanic eruption releases a lot of harmful gases such as dust and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which also pollutes the atmospheric environment. But usually, environmental pollution is more caused by human activities, especially social and economic activities. What we usually refer to is the environmental pollution caused by such human activities. The reason why human activities cause environmental pollution is because
Because there is a fundamental difference between human beings and other creatures: in addition to their own production, human beings also carry out larger-scale mass production, which all other creatures do not have. Because of this, the intensity of human activities is far greater than that of other creatures. For example, in the use of water in the ecosystem, other organisms only use the amount that meets their survival requirements, and humans don't know how many times more water is used than other organisms, so that some local ecosystems are not enough. The emission source of pollutants is called pollution source. The situation of various pollution sources will be described in the fourth section.
Environmental pollution can be classified from different angles. According to the type of environmental pollution system or its leading elements, it can be divided into air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and so on. According to the social field where pollution sources are located, they can be divided into industrial pollution, agricultural pollution and traffic pollution. According to the form or nature of pollutants, they can be divided into waste gas pollution, waste water pollution, solid waste pollution and noise pollution.
Information about ecology II. Knowledge about ecological environment.
The so-called ecological environment problem is a phenomenon that the ecological environment on which human beings depend is destroyed and polluted, thus affecting human health and the development of human society. At present, the environmental problems in China mainly include:
1, China has 65% of its territory and 9.7% of its fragile ecological environment; Due to improper development and utilization, 34.26% of cultivated land has different degrees of soil erosion.
2. The frequency of natural disasters has accelerated, and the affected area has been expanding.
3. Forest resources crisis, low forest coverage, shrinking timber forest area, logging far exceeding growth, and declining forest quality.
4. The grassland degraded by long-term grazing is 6.5438+0.33 million square meters every year, and the cumulative degradation reached 86.67 million square meters, accounting for 6.5438+0/3 of the available area.
Desertification is becoming more and more serious. The area of newly-increased desertified land increased from 1.56 square kilometers in 1950s and 1970s to 2 1.00 square kilometers in 1970s and 1980s, and increased to 2,460 square kilometers since 1990s. At present, China's desertification land has reached 2.622 million square kilometers, accounting for 27.3% of the country's land area.
6. Water pollution is very serious. In 2000, 73% of urban river sections were unfit for drinking, 42% of urban groundwater was polluted, and nearly half of the river sections of seven major river systems in China were seriously polluted. Due to eutrophication, red tide disasters occurred in major freshwater lakes and offshore waters.
7. The distribution of resources is extremely unbalanced, and the carrying capacity of resources varies greatly among regions, which is in a critical state of population overload.
8. Air pollution is very serious. 1996, the total suspended particulate matter and carbon dioxide content in major cities exceeded twice the recommended standards of the World Health Organization, and the acid rain area exceeded 29% of the national territory. The discharge of waste residue increased, and garbage surrounded the city.
9. Agricultural and forestry environmental pollution is spreading from point to country, and 40% of township enterprises have become the biggest pollution sources. Polluted farmland in China has reached 654.38 million square kilometers, and the achievements of economic development are being offset.
10, the destruction of the ecological environment has caused huge economic losses, and vicious circle accidents have repeatedly threatened the safety of people's lives and property. The annual "ecological deficit" has reached 86 billion yuan.
Information about ecology 3. Know little about ecological environment protection.
Be proud of saving water-turn off the tap at any time and don't let the water run away in vain.
China is one of 12 water-deficient countries in the world, and its fresh water resources are less than14 of the world's per capita water. More than half of the more than 600 cities in China are short of water, of which 108 cities are seriously short of water. The scarcity of surface water resources leads to over-exploitation of groundwater. In the 1950s, wells in Beijing could pump water from 5 meters underground. Now the average depth of 40,000 wells in Beijing is 49 meters, and the groundwater resources are almost exhausted.
Protect the water source-protecting the water source means protecting life.
According to environmental monitoring, about 654.38 billion tons of sewage is directly discharged into water bodies every day in China. More than half of China's seven major water systems are polluted. Of the 35 key lakes, 17 are seriously polluted, and13 of the water bodies in China are not suitable for irrigation. More than 90% of urban waters are seriously polluted, more than 50% of urban water sources do not meet drinking water standards, 40% of water sources are no longer drinkable, and 60%-70% of the total water shortage in southern cities is caused by water pollution.
Multi-use of one water-let the water be reused
70% of the earth's surface is covered with water, which is about 65.438+0.4 billion cubic meters, of which 96.5% is seawater. Although the rest is fresh water, more than half of it is water resources that can be directly used, such as ice, rivers and lakes, accounting for only about 0.003% of the total water.
Use detergent with caution-use soap as much as possible to reduce water pollution.
Detergents are mostly chemical products, and a large amount of wastewater with high detergent content will be discharged into rivers, which will worsen the water quality. Improper use of detergents for a long time will damage people's central system, hinder people's intellectual development, reduce their thinking and analytical abilities, and even cause mental disorders. Detergent residue on clothes will irritate the skin and cause allergic dermatitis. If the detergent with high concentration is used for a long time, carcinogens in the detergent will enter the human body from the skin and mouth, which will damage health.
Care about air quality-don't forget that you are breathing all the time.
The monitoring results of the Global Atmospheric Monitoring Network show that the daily average concentration of total suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere of Beijing, Shenyang, Xi, Shanghai and Guangzhou is 200-500 micrograms per cubic meter, which is 3-9 times higher than the standard of the World Health Organization and is listed as one of the top ten polluted cities in the world.
Turn off the lights at hand-save electricity once and pollute less.
China is a country with thermal power generation as the main energy source and coal as the main energy source. Coal accounts for more than 70% of the disposable energy structure. If it develops in the conventional way, it will need at least 654.38+000 billion tons of coal for energy consumption to reach the level of developed countries, which will be equivalent to the sum of global energy consumption. When coal burns, it will release a lot of harmful gases, seriously pollute the atmosphere, form acid rain and cause greenhouse effect.
Save electrical appliances-contribute to slowing down global warming.
A large number of coal, natural gas and petroleum fuels are used in industry, commerce, housing and transportation. The excessive carbon dioxide produced when these fuels are burned is like a glass cover, which blocks the radiation of ground heat to outer space and leaves hot gas in the atmosphere, resulting in the "greenhouse effect", which makes the global meteorological variation, produces disastrous droughts and floods, melts icebergs in the North and South poles, and leads to the rise of sea level. Scientists estimate that if the trend of climate warming continues, low-lying areas such as Bengal, Holland, Egypt, China and some island countries will be in danger of being swallowed up by seawater.
Reduce air conditioning-reduce energy consumption
Fuels such as coal will release carbon and nitrogen oxides in gaseous form when burned. These oxides combine with water vapor in the air to form highly corrosive sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and then fall back to the ground with rain, snow and fog. This is called "death in the air" acid rain. There are three major acid rain areas in the world: the United States and Canada, Northern Europe and South China. Acid rain can not only strongly corrode buildings, but also acidify the soil, resulting in the death of trees, the reduction of crop production, the acidification of lake water and the death of fish and shrimp. Due to the extensive use of coal fuel in China, the annual economic loss caused by acid rain pollution is about 20 billion yuan. The acidity of precipitation in acid rain area of China is still rising, and the area is still expanding.
Support green lighting-everyone uses energy-saving lamps.
"China Green Lighting Project" is one of the key points of energy saving in China. According to the implementation plan of the project, energy-saving and high-efficiency lighting lamps will be promoted throughout the country during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. By the year 2000, we will strive to save 22 billion kWh of lighting electricity, save the corresponding coal burning in power plants, and reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, dust, ash and carbon dioxide.
Use renewable resources-don't wait until the energy runs out.
90% of the energy currently used by mankind is oil, natural gas and coal. The formation process of these fuels takes hundreds of millions of years and is a non-renewable resource. Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy are renewable and are called renewable energy. People call those energy sources that do not pollute the environment "clean energy".