First, the teaching objectives
knowledge
1. Summarize the structure and function of male and female reproductive system.
2. Describe the process of fertilization and embryo development.
(2) Emotion, attitude and values
Communicate with parents about fertility and parenting, and strengthen gratitude to parents and cherish life.
Second, the teaching focus and difficulties
(A) the focus of teaching
1. Structure and function of male and female reproductive system.
2. Fertilization process and embryo development process
(B) Teaching difficulties
Fertilization process and embryo development process
Third, teaching design ideas
In this class, the teacher first creates a biology class that actively explores the unknown and inspires the true feelings. In the introduction, we should start with distinguishing the sex of the newborn; Then, through the active study of the textbook, guide students to summarize the structure and function of male and female reproductive system, especially that testis and ovary are the main reproductive organs; Then, with the help of a large number of pictures and videos, describe the process of fertilization and embryo development.
Teachers should add some teaching contents in combination with current social life. For example, why are human testicles outside the body? What are the symptoms of prostate disease and so on. This can broaden students' horizons and stimulate their interest in learning biology.
What's the final arrangement for this class? Watch natural childbirth and family planning? Pictures, let students feel the greatness of maternal love further, and learn to be grateful, respectful and filial to their parents.
Four. Teaching preparation and teaching process
Introduce teaching content into the new curriculum
Understand the reproductive system of men and women for the first time
male genital system
Video showing sperm swimming and fertilization process, embryo and fetal development, pictures of caesarean section, multimedia courseware, etc.
Teachers' activities
Student activities
Show photos of twin newborns.
Q: Which of them is a baby boy and which is a baby girl?
Conclusion: To distinguish the sex of a newborn, it is necessary to make a judgment by observing the reproductive organs, which shows that the reproductive organs of men and women are different.
Show the front view of male and female reproductive system. Ask students to observe the front view and mark the names of reproductive organs in the side view. At the same time, we should pay attention to the position and function of each organ.
Summary: Some students are very concerned about the content of this lesson, but they are embarrassed and even afraid to face it. In fact, the reproductive organs, like the heart, kidneys and lungs, are all part of the body. Understanding their structure and function will benefit a lot. Reproductive organs are also the basis for human beings to continue their offspring and transmit genes.
Ask questions:
(1) What are the main reproductive organs of men?
(2) What function does it have? Show pictures of sperm,
Question: Besides, what other reproductive organs do men have? Try to tell their functions.
Summary:
(1) Testis is the main reproductive organ of men. ? Testicular? Word, what is its font structure? You're lucky? . Remember? Blood (sex) male? I know this is a unique organ for men and I remember how to write this word.
(2) Androgen secreted by testicles can promote boys to grow beards and have Adam's apple, and their voices become thicker during development.
Look at the picture and say what you think.
Students observe and complete the introduction of the textbook, and get a preliminary understanding of the composition and function of male and female reproductive systems.
Students deepen their understanding of testis and know that testis is the main reproductive organ of men, and its function is to produce sperm, secrete androgen and promote men's physical development.
Overview of other male reproductive organs and their functions.
Female reproductive system
Tell you quietly
Reproductive process
Summary: Are the testicles a pair? Exquisite Our organs are both important and fragile for a person. The optimal temperature for testis is 35 degrees Celsius, and the body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius will damage its function. If the testicles are in a high temperature environment for a long time, it is not conducive to the production of sperm, so soaking in hot springs, taking a hot bath or wearing tight underwear and jeans are not conducive to men's reproductive health.
Ask questions:
(1) Do you know anything about semen?
(2) Have you paid attention to the advertisements for treating prostate diseases? Why do patients have symptoms such as frequent urination, urgent urination and painful urination as mentioned in the advertisement?
Summary:
(1) Normal men excrete 2-3 ml of semen at a time. Semen contains both sperm and semen that can nourish sperm, which is secreted by prostate, seminal vesicle and urethral gland. Sperm is excreted through vas deferens and urethra, and male semen and urine are excreted through the same channel-urethra.
(2) Pay attention to the position of the prostate. If the prostate is inflamed or swollen, the symptoms in the advertisement will appear. This disease mostly occurs in middle-aged men. I hope you can consult relevant information and pay attention to your father's health.
Ask questions:
(1) Will women suffer from prostate diseases?
(2) The main reproductive organ of women is the ovary. Does it have the same function as testicles? Show pictures of eggs and sperm.
Question: Does the name of the uterus have anything to do with its function?
Summary:
(1) Egg cells are round, like poached eggs. Sperm and egg cells are very different in size. If an egg cell is compared to table tennis, the sperm is only as big as sesame.
(2) Estrogen can promote the development of girls. For example, let girls develop breasts, widen pelvis and form menstrual cycle.
(3) The uterus is like a pear in place. Is it a fetus? Palace? . When I was not pregnant, it was as big as a fist. After you give birth to a new life, it will be stretched to many times the size of a watermelon.
Show pictures of private parts of the body.
Hip, boy's vulva, girl's vulva and chest are all private parts. Both boys and girls should protect these parts and don't show them to others casually.
It is not easy for us to come into this world. What is the origin of life? Competition? Here we go.
Play the video: sperm swimming and fertilization process, ask questions:
(1) What is the process of combining sperm with egg cells?
(2) The location of the egg cell is in the ovary, so is the fertilization site the ovary?
Summary: The combination of sperm and egg seems to be very good. In fact, it is very difficult to form a new life. At the beginning of life, each of us is a winner of one in two hundred million. We are born excellent and lucky, so we should face the future with confidence.
Question: The moment of fertilization marks the birth of new life. What wonderful thing happened after fertilization?
Play the video: the process of embryo and fetus development.
Summary:
(1) The fertilized egg developed into a blastocyst 4 days after fertilization, and the blastocyst slowly transferred to the uterus and attached to the endometrium, as if a seed had been planted in the soil.
(2) The blastocyst continues to divide into an embryo, and there is no human appearance within 8 weeks, which is called an embryo;
(3) After 8 weeks, it is called a fetus, and at the 38th week, it is called a newborn.
Problem: The new life lives comfortably in the womb. Do you know how to complete a new life in the womb? Eat and drink? Respiratory excretion?
Look at the place where the fetus naturally gives birth and the mother's painful expression. Question: There is a saying. Son's birthday, mother's bitter day? How to understand this sentence?
Think and answer.
To further understand the function of male reproductive system.
Combined with the structural characteristics of reproductive system, the etiology of prostate diseases was analyzed.
Compared with the male reproductive system, (1) is different.
(2) Be familiar with the composition of the female reproductive system, and know that the ovary is the main reproductive organ of women, which can produce eggs, secrete estrogen and promote women's physical development.
Describe the function of the uterus.
Students look at the pictures and know where their private parts belong.
Students infer from the textbook that the new life communicates with the mother through umbilical cord and placenta.
Summary:
Summarize homework in class
It shouldn't be too painful. The next picture will tell you about the efforts of the mother who gave birth to the baby. When you look at it, please imagine that this is our mother. Come and feel the greatness of maternal love together.
Show the planed abdomen picture.
This is how life is conceived and born. Please remember, thank your parents for giving us life and raising us. Now, let's sing the song "Mother" together to express our gratitude to our mother!
Play the video of the song "Mother", and the teachers and students sing together passionately.
Question: What did you get from this lesson? Would you like to share it with you?
Summary: Through the study of this lesson, we have learned about the human reproductive system, that sperm and eggs collide and meet, and then the mother gives birth to a magical and great life. I hope all students can care about life, cherish their family, keep forging ahead and care for their parents.
Arrangement: Class exercises (class comments).
Looking at the picture, I feel that it is not easy for this mother to give birth to her life.
Students can summarize in the way they are best at.
Complete the classroom exercises and evaluate each other among the students.
The research on the construction of junior high school biology campus culture mainly includes three aspects: material culture construction, spiritual civilization construction and institutional culture construction. The comprehensive and coordinated development of these three aspects will establish a complete cultural image for the school. Biology is a subject closely related to the reality of life, especially for junior high school students, who are interested in biology and willing to explore. If they can actively develop, they can completely integrate junior high school biology into campus culture construction.
First, the use of in-class resources to carry out academic activities
Junior high school biology pays attention to the cultivation of students' subject accomplishment and practical inquiry ability, and there are many practical inquiry activities to choose from in the teaching materials. For example, there is an activity to investigate campus biology in the seventh grade textbook. On the one hand, students can learn the methods of biological investigation through investigation, and more importantly, they can have a clear understanding of the distribution of campus creatures. After the survey, students can analyze the survey results and put forward suggestions to improve and perfect campus biology, thus enriching campus biological resources. There are also greening campus design activities. Students not only participate in design activities, but also practice feasible schemes. This activity not only increases students' sense of ownership, but also improves students' aesthetic taste. At the same time, they can master the knowledge of flowers, trees, lawns and other plants, so that the construction of campus culture can be implanted in students' hearts. Students also try to prune and graft various plants on campus by themselves. Students should not only know which organisms are easy to cut and graft, but also need some special conditions. In the process of cutting and grafting, they should pay attention to what problems can increase the survival rate of plants. Students also specialize in raising some small animals in the biological laboratory, studying the reproduction mode and process of organisms, especially the reproduction process of some insects, and making detailed records, and finally making specimens for permanent preservation and exhibition. Regarding infectious diseases and immunity, the students investigated the common infectious diseases around them and studied the causes and preventive measures of infectious diseases. Students finally form a survey report, which is displayed on campus, providing reasonable and healthy suggestions to students, attracting students' attention and training their analytical and research ability.
Second, expand extracurricular resources and form community activities.
The resources of biology class are limited, which can not meet the development of all students' interest in biology. Therefore, expanding some extracurricular resources and organizing some community activities can provide a better development platform for these students. At school, the biological community has also developed vividly. In the community activities, students tried to make veins bookmarks, seed puzzles, rice wine fermentation, yogurt production and so on. These activities reflect students' strong interest in biology and their desire to explore actively, which not only exercises students' practical ability, but also makes students' campus cultural life more colorful. Students' study of biology is not limited to the knowledge in textbooks. After learning to use the microscope, we also organized students to explore the micro-world, and the students were fascinated by the wonderful phenomena in life. In community activities, we can also hold various forms of debates or speeches, such as how to improve the campus environment, turn waste into treasure, save resources and so on. The diversity of forms and the richness of contents are the source of students' willingness to explore and an indispensable part of their growth.
Third, cultivate students' interest and tap biological resources.
In addition to students' interest in biological natural hair growth, a large part of this stage also comes from teachers' cultivation of students' interest and continuous excavation of campus biological resources. For example, students are interested in what the animals around them are and what their characteristics are. We organized an exhibition of insect specimens with students. On the one hand, students actively collect insect resources around them, on the other hand, they learn how to make insect specimens. In the process of making specimens, some of them have been made into works of art, which have high collection and exhibition value. Students enjoy it and provide new ideas for the construction of campus material culture. In addition, students are curious about the anatomical structure of human body and animals. We collect and purchase all kinds of resources, so that students can use their spare time to summarize, analyze and study, which greatly improves their desire to explore life.
Fourth, strengthen the cooperation between home and school, and make teachers and students develop together.
In addition to the resources in the school, we can also provide some resources through home-school cooperation. For example, during the insect exhibition, some parents are biology lovers themselves, and they are very supportive of their children to explore biological knowledge and provide some biological specimens for students to visit and study; In addition, some parents who work in hospitals can be invited to give lectures on medical care for students, so as to improve students' awareness of medical common sense. For example, when studying the transport of substances in the human body, we invited cardiovascular experts to come to the school to explain. Students not only know something about cardiovascular diseases, but also know how to avoid cardiovascular diseases in daily life and how to take care of the elderly at home. The students themselves also went deep into the community to carry out investigation and research in this area, posted posters to publicize how to prevent cardiovascular diseases in their lives, and told them that biological knowledge was brought into the school from outside the school and then fed back to the society from the school. I think this is a very good educational model. When understanding the discharge of waste in human body, we organized students to visit the hospital, understand some problems existing in kidney transplantation, and watch and understand the working principle and process of hemodialysis machine in detail. I believe this is very effective in popularizing students' health knowledge. Some parents may work in biology institute, which can provide students with some cutting-edge biological knowledge and broaden their horizons. Biology in junior high school, as a subject that is not tested in the senior high school entrance examination, teachers, students and parents in many schools can't attach importance to it, learn to deal with it and carry out various activities well, which not only greatly reduces students' interest in exploring biology, but also loses many opportunities to build campus culture.
In a word, students' interest in biology is cultivated and excavated by teachers, parents and society. As long as we make good use of various resources and actively explore, we will certainly provide rich materials for the construction of our campus culture and make it more dynamic. At present, we are also making every effort to continuously develop various resources. Although small achievements have been made, they are not perfect and lack certain systematicness. I hope everyone can explore and accumulate experience through continuous exploration.