1. Pay attention to dietary balance: dietary balance is the basis of maintaining immunity, and ordinary food is the best source of nutrition. Patients with malnutrition and other clinical conditions should be treated with individualized nutrition.
2. Food diversification and rationalization of collocation: To ensure balanced and comprehensive nutrition intake, food diversification should be carried out every day, that is, collocation should be carried out according to the proportion of five categories of food shown in China Residents' Balanced Diet Pagoda.
3. Eat less meals and light and digestible foods: For patients after radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, increasing the number of meals can reduce the burden on the digestive tract and increase food intake.
4. There should not be too many taboos: Taboos should be decided according to the condition, disease and individual characteristics of different patients, and too many taboos are not advocated. The foods that general patients need to limit or avoid are fried, smoked barbecue, spicy and irritating, greasy and blunt food, etc.
5. Choose more foods with anti-cancer effects and eat more fruits and vegetables (such as asparagus, carrots, spinach, tomatoes, potatoes, kiwifruit, etc.). ), soybeans and their products, edible fungi, nuts, seaweed, coix seed, milk, eggs and other foods.
If we grasp the basic principles, we can grasp the general direction of lung cancer diet and avoid the wrong practices of "being vegetarian", "starving cancer cells" and "eating and drinking from the sea".
1, postoperative diet conditioning
As the saying goes, an operation "hurts the vitality." A few hours after the operation, the body needs extra heat and protein to help the incision heal. Postoperative anesthesia inhibits intestinal peristalsis, which often leads to decreased food intake.
Postoperative patients should adjust their diet structure in time, eat less and eat more meals (three meals a day can be changed to five or six small meals a day), and ask their families for help in time when they can't eat independently. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, fruits, coarse grains and high-protein foods.
2. Diet conditioning during chemotherapy
During chemotherapy, the most obvious feeling of some patients is loss of appetite, inability to eat, and vomiting after eating. Chemotherapy leads to changes in gastrointestinal function of patients, so it is necessary to adjust diet in time to successfully pass the difficult chemotherapy stage.
(1) When you lose your appetite
When chemotherapy affects appetite, you can eat as little as possible and eat more meals, with a light and non-greasy liquid or semi-liquid diet, such as porridge, stew and steamed eggs. And change the cooking methods to make the food as diverse and delicious as possible to stimulate appetite.
Eating snacks or light meals one hour before chemotherapy can minimize gastrointestinal reactions. If it tastes really bad, don't force yourself too much and wait until your appetite is good. Avoid eating cold and uncooked food, so as not to aggravate gastrointestinal reactions.
Vomiting patients can improve their appetite and increase their nutrition by eating fresh ginger juice, fresh fruit juice, diced hawthorn, Huangqi yam soup, fried rice with ginger, a small amount of pepper, fermented bean curd, dried tangerine peel and other foods. Eating during chemotherapy is the most important thing. Don't eat too much food 1 hour before chemotherapy. If nausea and vomiting occur during eating, take 3~5ml of ginger juice orally, and don't lie flat 1 hour after eating.
Tip: Hawthorn cubes
Ingredients: hawthorn 100g, lean meat 1000g, vegetable oil 250g, mushroom, ginger, onion, pepper, cooking wine, monosodium glutamate and sugar.
Practice: Cut the lean meat into pieces, spread hawthorn, mushrooms and seasonings evenly after the vegetable oil is exploded, and dry it to eat. Strengthening spleen and appetizing, improving anorexia during chemotherapy.
(2) When bone marrow is inhibited
Chemotherapeutic drugs "kill one thousand enemies, self-damage 800", not only kill tumor cells, but also cause extremely valuable damage to bone marrow cells. Therefore, during chemotherapy, bone marrow suppression is obvious, white blood cells decrease, and the risk of infection increases. During chemotherapy, besides white injection, diet care is also very important.
Protein should be appropriately increased during chemotherapy, and more milk, soybeans, lean meat, deep-sea fish, animal bone marrow stew, peanuts, walnuts, beef, sea cucumbers and red beans should be eaten.
At present, several common dietotherapy remedies are helpful to improve immunity quickly. Such as Wu Hong soup, oxtail bone soup, banggu soup, loach soup, crucian carp soup, peanut and astragalus pig's foot soup, pig's spine soup, longan and jujube rice porridge, beef and quail soup, astragalus and black chicken soup, etc.
Tip: Banggutang
Material: 1 big bone, 5g onion ginger.
Practice: chop the big bone from the middle, add water to the iron pot, only add onion and ginger, boil it on high fire, stew it on low fire for 3 to 4 hours, remove the bone and meat, only pour the soup into the basin, then put it in the refrigerator for refrigeration, and take it out after a few hours, and white oil will also condense on it. Scrape off the white oil with a spoon, leaving only the fat-free bone soup, and heat it when drinking.
Tip: oxtail bone soup
Ingredients: oxtail 1 root, medlar, red dates, walnuts, white radish, etc.
Practice: Wash the oxtail, put it with medlar, red dates, walnuts and white radish, and stew the soup with less salt and no oil. The ingredients can be eaten after being cooked. Eat one oxtail at a time during chemotherapy.
(3) When liver and kidney are injured.
Liver damage is caused by chemotherapy, and transaminase tends to increase. At this time, you can eat some bitter gourd, green tea, fungus food, kiwi fruit, grapes, apples and so on.
When kidney damage is caused during chemotherapy, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. Limit the intake of protein and salt. Eat more diuretic foods, such as watermelon, wax gourd, cucumber and loofah.
3. Diet conditioning during radiotherapy
In the process of radiotherapy, radiation will damage the salivary glands of patients, resulting in decreased saliva secretion and decreased oral self-cleaning ability, resulting in dry mouth and oral ulcer.
(1) Oral ulcer and dry mouth
During radiotherapy, be sure to drink more water, about 3000 ml or more every day. In addition, you can eat more fruits and vegetables that nourish yin and promote fluid production, such as pear, lotus root, white radish, mung bean, tremella, bitter gourd, mung bean, lily, Siraitia grosvenorii, chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, dandelion, Scrophularia, Adenophora adenophora, Siraitia grosvenorii, watermelon and lotus seed soup.
Patients with oral ulcers should clean their mouths in time after eating to avoid bacterial infection and spicy food, mainly liquid or semi-liquid. Too hot, too cold, fried and hard food may damage the oral mucosa and should be avoided.
Radiotherapy is also easy to cause radiation dermatitis. Eat more foods rich in protein and vitamins, and eat less isothermal foods such as dog meat, mutton, longan, pepper, litchi and durian.
(2) When swallowing is difficult
If you have difficulty swallowing, you need to eat under the guidance of a special person. If you suffocate or suffocate during eating, please inform the doctor immediately. Ensure 6~8 cups of semi-liquid food every day, which can be processed into vegetable paste with fruits and vegetables or rice paste with corn and sweet potatoes. When swallowing is difficult, choose some liquid drinks such as dairy products, soybean milk and rice soup.
When the patient's calorie demand cannot be met by normal diet, it is necessary to ensure the nutrition of the patient through infusion and nasal feeding.
4. Diet conditioning during rehabilitation
When the treatment period ends and enters the rehabilitation period, there is little difference between the whole and the normal diet. At this time, you can arrange your diet reasonably according to the dietary principles and dietary taboos.
(1) Pomelo, pomegranate and carambola cannot be eaten.
You must not eat grapefruit, pomegranate and carambola before and after taking targeted drugs, and you must not drink juice made from these fruits. Why? Because these fruits contain naringin, furocoumarin and citrinin, they can inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 in liver and intestinal system, thus interfering with the oxidative metabolism of targeted drugs and affecting the efficacy of targeted drugs. Grapefruit, in particular, will affect the efficacy of a variety of anticancer drugs, and patients taking anticancer drugs must not eat them.
(2) Fried, smoked, grilled and pickled food.
These foods lack nutrition and are difficult to digest, and contain carcinogens such as benzopyrene and nitrite. Eating it by normal people may bring harm to the body, and cancer patients should not eat it.
(3) Sashimi and shellfish are not suitable for eating.
These foods may carry parasites, and cancer patients also have problems with their own immune function. During taking targeted drugs, their immune function is suppressed and they are easily infected by parasites. Be sure to stay away from these foods that may carry parasites.
(4) Control the intake of sugar and fat.
Foods such as high-fat red meat, processed meat, whole milk, cakes, desserts and sweets are likely to lead to weight gain, leaving health risks. Therefore, these foods should be eaten less or not.
During the period of rehabilitation, be alert to the "folk prescription" diet that is hearsay, not partial eclipse, not picky eaters, grasp a good degree and ensure a balanced nutrition.