Choose the right food for the perfect guide to infant nutrition.

From the moment of pregnancy, all mothers are most worried about "Is the baby healthy? After 10 months of difficult pregnancy, I finally gave birth to a baby, and then I suffered from the problem of nutrient intake. I am afraid that my baby will not eat enough, grow well enough, and there are different opinions about allergic digestive problems, which makes mothers dizzy and upset. How can a baby eat to grow into a strong little superman? Let you know the perfect score guide for infant nutrition! The baby's body is exposed. How does the baby eat best? Many mothers have 100,000 reasons for doctors' advice, elders' opinions and rumors on the Internet. To know what kind of diet pattern is suitable for your baby, you must start with understanding their physiological structure, provide food suitable for your child's physical development, and let your baby get enough nutrition. Come on ~ open your mouth. Before the baby is born, the umbilical cord is used to get nutrition from the mother. After birth, whether breast-feeding or breast-feeding, the first pass for a baby to eat nutritious food is his mouth. Explore the child's mouth, how to eat without a mouth with teeth? Mao Xinjie, a pediatrician at Boren Hospital, said: "Babies start teething when they are about 6 months old. Teeth have the function of cutting, grinding and tearing food, but babies don't chew by deciduous teeth alone. Before the teeth are in order, most of them grind food with gums, and the whole mouth needs to work together when chewing and swallowing. "In other words, the baby can't tear the food into small pieces and swallow it with the power of his mouth. It's easier for adults to eat food after it is processed into pieces. After swallowing, food is transported all the way along the esophagus to the stomach. The baby's gastrointestinal function has developed quite completely before birth, but the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract are not as rich as those in adults. There are a lot of growth hormones in breast milk, which can help the baby to establish bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and make its digestive function more mature. Zhang, a nutritionist at Guotai Hospital, pointed out: "After the baby 1 year old, the gastrointestinal function will gradually improve. At the beginning, if there are not enough strains, the digestive function will be poor. The quality of strains in the body will be affected by the food eaten. But don't worry too much, mom and dad. Eating is the most basic function of human beings. Few babies will "eat" unless they are affected by diseases. After starting to contact non-staple food, the baby will practice digestion and absorption more frequently. If diarrhea occurs, it may be a physical problem such as insufficient probiotics in the baby. Gastrointestinal tract and digestive absorption function should be evaluated together. If the baby's overall development and growth is ideal, the diarrhea situation only needs to be observed a little, and don't be too nervous. Excretion state is learned. From the baby's excretion state, we can know whether the baby's body has pulled the alarm. The most common thing is that when the baby is constipated, adults will know how to replenish water to the baby. Therefore, if you want to know whether the nutrition your baby eats is fully absorbed, you can start by observing the excrement. Because of breastfeeding, the excrement of newborn babies is mostly golden yellow and mushy, and the frequency may vary from once a day to several times a day, depending on the age and physique of the baby. After contact with non-staple food during the non-staple food period, the types of excreta will be different according to the ratio of non-staple food intake to breast milk intake. If the proportion of breast milk is high, the types of excreta will be thinner. If the proportion of eating non-staple food is high, the discharged feces will be more shaped. /kloc-babies over 0/year old mostly eat with adults from 1 year old. At this time, the defecation situation is closer to that of adults, showing a banana-like soft strip. The color of feces reflects the health status. In addition to the type of defecation, the color of feces can also be used as a reference for baby's health. When the feces are gray, it may be necessary to pay attention to whether the baby has bile retention problems; Or whether the color of feces is black or white, you need to pay more attention. In addition, when the baby has diarrhea more than four times a day, or there is a big difference from the usual defecation situation, it is best to ask a doctor for assistance as soon as possible. Round1-There is probably no mother in the world who has not been troubled by breastfeeding. It is enough to put aside the pain caused by milking and evaluate whether the baby is full or not. It is especially difficult to choose a breastfeeding mother. Not only do you have to accompany your baby several times a day, but you also have to worry about whether your baby has insufficient milk or too much intake. In fact, although there are no fixed indicators for breastfeeding, there are still traces to follow if you want to know if your baby is nutritious enough. A small amount of meals, malnutrition NG 0 to 6 months is the exclusive breastfeeding period, and the frequency of newborn babies is quite high, about 8 to 12 times a day. Many mothers will worry that the baby's milk seems to be too little during this period. After a little feeding, the baby stopped drinking. In this regard, nutritionist Zhang pointed out: "In the early stage of postpartum lactation, the concentration of milk is high, so the baby can feel full without too much milk. In addition, mothers should also measure whether there are other external reasons to prevent their babies from taking too much milk at one time. For example, some mothers have less milk, and the baby may have to suck for 30 minutes to get enough milk. However, due to the limited sucking efforts of newborns, it is impossible to maintain the sucking state for too long. Therefore, Dr. Mao Xinjie reminded the novice mother: "It is good to maintain the baby's satiety for 2 to 3 hours at a time. As long as the baby feels hungry, let him eat, there is no upper limit on the number of breastfeeding, and if you grasp the principle of a small amount of meals, you will not be afraid of malnutrition. Assessing the growth of the baby As the child grows older, the situation of breastfeeding will tend to be stable. Parents can evaluate whether the baby's milk intake is sufficient from the excretion situation. For example, a full-moon baby urinates more than 6 times a day and defecates more than 3 times. However, there are still some special circumstances, such as babies who are not fed regularly but grow very strong. If parents want to be on the safe side, they can refer to the appendix of "Children's Growth Curve" provided in the baby handbook printed by the National Health Service to assess whether the baby's height and weight gain are within the normal range. After the baby is about 3 or 4 months old, breastfeeding will be more regular. Unless the baby's overall growth state is not good at this time, you can consider adding non-staple food. Dr. Mao Xinjie pointed out: "Nutrition intake before the age of 2 is related to brain development. In order to make the baby have enough nutrition to lay a good foundation for brain development, mom and dad have entered the second major difficulty-the supplement of nutritional additives. The second round-the difficult stage As the baby grows up, neither breast milk nor formula milk can meet its nutritional needs. During this period, parents began to choose non-staple foods suitable for their babies, such as rice essence and wheat germ essence. When babies start to try new foods, parents begin to have new worries, such as the way and timing of adding them. In this contradictory period, let professional doctors answer all kinds of complicated questions at once. Breast milk VS formula milk? Compared with formula milk, breast milk has much higher nutritional value. It is worth mentioning that breast milk is rich in immunoglobulin, which can adapt to children's growth stages and provide nutrients needed by the body at different stages. But some people think that babies who drink formula milk grow better than those who drink breast milk. Nutritionist Zhang explained: "The reason for this statement may be that the amount of formula milk given is relatively fixed. Even if the baby feels full, he still has to drink all the milk provided by adults. This is actually a little too much. Formula milk has a high proportion of fat and its nutritional value can't be compared with breast milk. It is good to feed children in moderation. "What should I do during lactation? There is no specific index for the so-called milk-weariness period, but the amount of milk that children drink in a certain period can not reach the previous standard. Many parents find this situation and are anxious to find a doctor for help. Dr. Mao Xinjie said: "It is better to regard the baby's demand for milk as a change than to call it a period of milk aversion. Babies in this period are curious and become more playful. For children, it is just adjusting the proportion of their own life focus. As long as the baby's overall growth is not a big problem, parents don't have to worry too much. This will happen when the baby is about 3 to 5 months old, and it will automatically improve after a period of time. If parents are still worried about feeding, they can try to feed the baby when he wants to sleep. Zhang Education: Institute of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Province Normal University Experience: Nanmen General Hospital/Enzhuming Hospital Current position: Guotai Medical Consortium Neihu Guotai Clinic Mao Xinjie Education: Department of Medicine, Taiwan Province Provincial University Experience: Pediatric resident of National Taiwan Province University, pediatrician of Taiwan Province Province, pediatric digestive specialist of Taiwan Province Province, internationally certified lactation consultant (IBCLC) Current position: Director of Pediatrics, Boren General Hospital, Taipei * For more details, please refer to: Mommy Baby 2066. Mababy/ subscribe to the healthy Aloha audio-visual channel, read health knowledge more easily, and pay attention to your health every day! Line @ ID: @:/supply/article/13905/Guide to Perfect Nutrition for Infants and Young Children Choosing the Right Food Is Unhealthy Keywords: Infants and Mothers, Guotai Hospital, Nutritionist, Zhang, Mao Xinjie, Boren General Hospital, Taipei.