I. Environmental management
From birth to death, people are in a certain environment, and there is a close and inseparable relationship between people and the environment, which is the synthesis of human living conditions. Children are easily influenced by the environment, because their independent living ability is still in the primary stage and they have a harmonious and pleasant environment. Only when children live in a suitable environment can their growth and education be basically guaranteed. On the contrary, a bad environment is not conducive to children's growth. Kindergarten health care management should first create a good environment for children.
(A) to create a good living and educational environment
Environment refers to both the material environment and the spiritual environment. The physical environment includes living environment, dietary conditions, various materials and utensils, etc. The material environment is a necessary condition for the existence and development of preschool education. The spiritual environment includes living atmosphere, interpersonal communication, moral level and civilization in the environment, study style in kindergarten, educational concept and moral cultivation of educators.
Kindergarten is a place where children live and move. We should adjust measures to local conditions, create a good indoor and outdoor environment for children, and make national facilities, venues and facilities meet the requirements of safety, hygiene and education. Create a clean, green, beautiful and childlike environment, such as spacious venue, lighting, ventilation, tables and chairs in the activity room. , suitable for the characteristics and needs of children's development. With the expansion of the concept of "health", people pay more and more attention to mental health. We should not only provide children with good material conditions, but also provide them with a good spiritual environment, so that children can live and study in a pleasant atmosphere. Teachers should give children more room to create imagination, establish an equal, democratic and harmonious relationship with children, and let children grow up in a friendly, relaxed, happy and healthy atmosphere.
(2) Maintaining and protecting the environment
A good environment needs maintenance and protection. Houses, equipment and furniture should be maintained in time, and large toys should be inspected and maintained regularly by special personnel to avoid danger. Pay attention to keep the site clean, remove dirt in time, and often clean up dust, snow and fallen leaves. When the weather is dry, sprinkle water for cleaning to avoid dust flying and affecting children's health. Kindergartens should establish a clean indoor and outdoor environment system, and make sure that the responsibility lies with people, and make regular inspections to provide clean, hygienic, beautiful and comfortable living environment for children.
Second, health management
Health management refers to the protection of children's individual health, mainly including disease prevention, physical exercise, mental health, health examination and evaluation. Children's health is closely related to the health management in kindergartens. Generally speaking, kindergartens that attach importance to health management do a better job in health care, and the rate of children's health compliance is also high. It can be seen that strict health management is very necessary.
(1) disease prevention
Kindergartens should implement the "prevention first" health policy, establish vaccination, disinfection and isolation, physical examination, environmental and personal hygiene systems, improve various disease prevention measures, reduce the incidence rate, improve children's immunity and protect children's life and health. Young children are young, weak in resistance and prone to infectious diseases. Children in kindergarten live a collective life and are in close contact with each other. Once an infectious disease occurs, it is easy to break out and spread. Therefore, disease prevention is an important part of kindergarten health management.
1. controlling the source of infection: early detection of patients and suspicious persons, management and control of the source of infection are important measures to prevent infectious diseases. Doing so can limit infectious diseases to a few children or individual children, so as not to cause epidemics. Kindergartens should strengthen inspections in the morning, afternoon and evening. Children and staff must have a physical examination before entering the park to investigate whether they have had contact with patients with infectious diseases and whether the isolation period after infectious diseases has passed. Have a regular physical examination every year. If patients or carriers are found, admission to the park should be delayed or isolated for treatment.
2. Cut off the route of infection: take effective measures in time and often to prevent pathogens from invading the human body; Pay attention to indoor ventilation and minimize dust in the air; We should cultivate the hygienic habit of breathing through the nose in early childhood; Pay attention to personal hygiene, food hygiene and environmental hygiene everywhere to prevent diseases from entering the mouth.
3. Improve children's resistance to infectious diseases: In kindergartens, we should strengthen the implementation of the living system so that children can live regularly. Ensure the quality of children's diet; Let children do outdoor activities as much as possible; Indoor ventilation system and equipment should be reasonable; It is necessary to use natural factors such as sunshine, air and water to exercise and improve the resistance of children's bodies; According to the epidemic season of infectious diseases and the effective immunization period of various vaccines, children should be vaccinated regularly to improve their immunity to diseases, establish a vaccination card system, and master susceptible children.
4. Strengthen health publicity and education for parents of young children: Nurses should always carry out health publicity and education for parents. This will not only let parents know the knowledge of disease prevention, but also let parents pay attention to the requirements of children's collective prevention. In addition, parents also have the responsibility to explain to kindergartens that there are patients with certain infectious diseases at home, and to isolate and observe such children in time to avoid the epidemic of infectious diseases in kindergartens.
(2) Physical exercise
Children are in the stage of growth and development, with imperfect organs and tissues, poor regulatory function and poor adaptability to the natural environment, which is easy to affect their health due to changes in natural factors. Therefore, guiding children's scientific sports has become an indispensable part of health management.
Children's physical exercise should follow the principle of step by step, step by step and plan, pay attention to the amount of exercise, gradually strengthen or increase the intensity and duration of exercise from small to large, persevere, and gradually form a dynamic stereotype; Attention should be paid to the use of various methods, which can comprehensively use various exercise methods, combine exercise with life, and combine action training with game activities; Attention should be paid to improving the quality of exercise, and the amount of exercise should not be too large or too small. We should control and adjust the amount of children's exercise, gradually improve their activity level and ability, and achieve the purpose of strengthening their physique.
(3) Mental health
The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) 1948 put forward the concept of health in the charter: "It is not only the absence of disease and weakness, but also a sound state of physical, psychological and social adaptation." In 1989, WHO proposed: "In addition to physical health, mental health and good social adaptability, moral health should also be added. Only these four aspects of health can be regarded as complete health. " This definition guides people to look at health problems in a broader and higher level of understanding.
Mental health, also known as mental health, refers to various activities and measures to maintain and promote people's mental health. Its task is to understand the psychological characteristics of children, study the relationship between children's mental health and kindergarten education and living environment, find out the factors that affect children's mental health, and put forward corresponding standards and health requirements; Put mental health into the agenda of kindergarten management, actively carry out mental health education activities, so that the concept of mental health care is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people; According to the requirements of mental health, we should guide kindergarten work, use and create various favorable factors, control and eliminate various unfavorable factors, create a harmonious and pleasant educational living environment, make children's intellectual development, personality perfection and personality shaping complement each other, and maintain and improve their mental health.
Children behave differently after entering the park. Some children will start to get in touch with other children and play with them actively. Some children stand far behind other children, just watching others play and not participating; There are also some children who go back to play the game material he played last time and are indifferent to the friends around them; Some children cry and bully. These manifestations are all related to psychological problems, which need the correct guidance of teachers very much. Through observation and understanding, teachers should strive to establish a relationship with new children, touch their hearts with friendly attitude, gentle language and warm caress, so as to arouse their happy emotional response and make them transfer their attachment to their parents to themselves as soon as possible. The teacher's care and consideration will make children feel psychologically safe, and their emotions will be satisfied, thus alleviating the "separation anxiety" when they first entered the park. The relationship between teachers and children is an important interpersonal relationship of preschool children and an important part of the creation of spiritual environment. Establishing a teacher-student relationship of mutual trust, mutual respect and equality can make children feel safe, warm, relaxed and happy, which is conducive to their life, study and growth, and can also make education play its greatest role and promote their all-round development. In addition, establishing a good peer relationship is also an element to create a spiritual environment. Teachers should pay attention to guiding children to establish friendly peer relations and let them learn to respect others. It is necessary to cultivate children's good qualities of unity, friendship and helping others, so that children can learn to care about others.