Nanjing University is fully aware of the importance of managing teaching according to educational laws and establishing a teaching management system, and strives to promote undergraduate teaching reform through system guarantee, increase teaching investment, strengthen teaching team building and improve teaching organization, so as to achieve practical results.
Increasing teaching investment is the fundamental guarantee and premise of talent training. In the "985 Project", the school set up the "Innovative Talents Training for Undergraduates" project, including 453 projects in five categories, such as training mode innovation plan, high-level curriculum construction plan, teachers' teaching development plan, improving educational environment plan and teaching resources construction plan, and implemented the policy of "no ceiling on the funds for innovative talents training".
Teaching staff is the key to deepen teaching reform and ensure the quality of education. The school has set up teaching posts of professors and associate professors to encourage teachers who actively participate in the front line of teaching; Plus various teaching awards, students will select "my favorite teacher" every year; Taking teaching as an important basis for the evaluation and appointment of professional titles, if the teaching work fails to meet the requirements, a one-vote veto system will be implemented. When evaluating teachers, we should implement four "equal treatments", namely, equal treatment for teaching and research work, equal treatment for teaching and research projects, equal treatment for teaching and research achievements, and equal treatment for teaching and research leaders.
Perfecting teaching organization is an important support for the sustainability of teaching reform. The school has successively set up a teaching development center, a teaching research and evaluation center and an examination center, gradually realizing the separation of teaching "management, practice and evaluation", providing practical guidance for teachers' teaching, theoretical support for teaching reform, effective monitoring for teaching quality, powerful norms for examination and evaluation, and ensuring the sustainable development of high-quality education and teaching.
2 1 century is a century of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and scientific development of higher education in China. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, Chinese universities must focus on talent training, return to the university foundation, deepen the reform of talent training system, continue to improve the quality of talent training, and make new and greater contributions to accelerating the construction of a powerful country with talents.
How do universities grasp quality?
Qin Shaode, Party Secretary of Fudan University
Improving the quality of education and teaching is a systematic project of the school. We need to make all-round efforts in establishing advanced educational concepts, establishing a standardized educational system, improving curriculum and teaching methods, building an excellent team of teachers and improving teaching management. Our education and teaching system came from studying the Soviet Union in the 1950s, adapted to the planned economy system, and had a strong trace of serving the country's industrialization road. College education was relatively successful, and a large number of key talents were trained for national construction at that time. However, this system has obviously failed to meet the needs of today's economic and social development. Although this system has made great progress after 30 years of reform and opening up, it still needs further transformation. This requires emancipating the mind and reforming education and teaching.
The key to improve the quality of personnel training lies in the teaching staff. Only with high-quality teachers can we cultivate high-quality talents. To ensure high-quality teachers, we must first have enough qualified teachers, and the ratio of students to teachers should not be too high, so as to require the quality of teachers' courses. Second, we should do everything possible to motivate and mobilize teachers to increase investment in teaching and personnel training. Now the teacher's burden is very heavy, and several burdens are shouldered. In order to reduce the administrative part-time job of teachers, the school has set up a series of researchers specializing in scientific research, requiring professors to attend more undergraduate courses. Many excellent teachers have a natural sense of responsibility and enthusiasm for loving and cultivating students (there are countless examples). We should reward and advocate them and edify more and more new teachers with good ethics and style. The third is to ensure the academic level of teachers. High-level courses must have high-level academic guarantee, and teachers' scientific research and teaching are unified at this point, which is the fundamental difference between university teaching and middle school teaching.
To improve the quality of education, we must also establish a student-oriented educational concept. Students are educated, but not passive machines. Therefore, personnel training should focus on providing students with an environment conducive to their active and lively development and mobilizing their inner enthusiasm to the maximum extent. We should provide them with as many elective courses as possible; Allow students to change majors according to their own interests and development direction, and get the opportunity of "second choice"; Accept transfer students from other schools; Increase the opportunities for students to exchange abroad; Increase students' chances of contact with professors after class through scientific and technological activities; Provide individualized education for individual students; Wait a minute. In short, we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude and develop their personality. Public services and logistics facilities should also establish the concept of "most worthy of students' use" and be willing to invest in construction.
To improve the quality of teaching, we must be clear about what kind of people to train.
Nankai University President Gong Ke
The so-called "who to train" faces different problems in different times. From the current era, there are several outstanding issues that must be considered. First of all, the development of the world needs to be sustainable, and the people we want to cultivate are talents who can adapt to the requirements of sustainable development. Take the climate issue as an example, it is not only a scientific and technological issue, but also an economic issue, a political issue, a judicial issue, an international relations issue and so on. The engineers we trained in the past all used the energy of nature to save manpower. Today, from the perspective of sustainable development, the development of energy must pay the environmental price. How to "embed" the concept, requirements and knowledge of "sustainable development" into university education is a great challenge, which is directly related to the specific talent training objectives.
Secondly, the development of China has entered a new stage of transforming the development mode and building an innovative country. We should cultivate independent and innovative talents. The talents we trained in the past are all professionals who adapt to specific industrialized positions. Informatization has changed the face of industrialization and the whole society, and electronic information has penetrated into and combined with various fields. This situation directly impacts the previous professional training mode. If we used to train people who were good at learning advanced foreign technology and following the development of international science and technology, then now we should train innovative talents, use our original technology and our contribution to the sustainable development of the world to fulfill our responsibility as a big country.
Third, no one can stop the tide of economic globalization. In this case, how to maintain independent development, optimize various factors of production on a global scale, and carry out cross-cultural exchanges and cooperation are all particularly prominent today. We should cultivate talents who meet the requirements of globalization. They should have a global vision and the ability to cope with internationalization problems and adapt to a series of new requirements brought about by globalization.
Fourth, this is an era of accelerated knowledge updating and explosive growth of information. Talents should have broad professional caliber and strong adaptability. If the knowledge people learned in college in the past is enough for a person to use for a lifetime, then even if a person does not change jobs now, his job will continue to change. Therefore, this situation requires a person to have the ability to learn independently and update knowledge. Therefore, on the question of "who to train", I think the most basic requirement for talents is strong learning ability. Moreover, the time when a few people make inventions by interest has passed, and now talents must be good at teamwork. Quality consciousness should be internalized into conscious behavior
Wang Hanqing, President of Hunan University of Technology
External monitoring refers to the monitoring of university teaching quality by national and local governments and society, while internal monitoring refers to the self-monitoring of university teaching quality, that is, university organizations consciously monitor the teaching quality according to their own standards. In order to adapt to the new situation, the national level is actively promoting the construction of internal quality assurance system in colleges and universities, and internal monitoring has been paid more and more attention. However, due to the restriction of inherent concepts and path dependence, quality control has not jumped out of the original framework of quality management, and the internal teaching quality monitoring system that is really conducive to the healthy development of university organizations is not yet mature, and it is urgent to make breakthroughs in concept renewal, model construction and strategy implementation.
The real motivation to improve teaching quality comes from the pursuit of high-quality education by university organizations. To form this pursuit, the key lies in strengthening the subjective consciousness of university organizational quality construction. Therefore, when updating the concept of quality control, the first task is to realize the transformation from "external control orientation" to "internal control orientation". For a long time, due to the reasons of mechanism and system, the external monitoring led by the government has always been the main way to monitor the quality of university teaching in China. One-sided external monitoring, because it is difficult to take into account the differences of many organizations, leads to consistent quality standards and single monitoring mode, which inhibits the development of university personality and is difficult to fundamentally improve the quality of running a university. Internal control, based on "localized" quality standards, based on the high consciousness of quality construction of university organizations and members within them, and fully respecting the particularity and diversity of disciplines and majors, can effectively promote the development of university personality and characteristics.
Secondly, we should firmly establish the concept of total quality management. Total Quality Management (TQM) is an organization's vision of change based on quality management. Although it comes from enterprise management practice, it is very suitable for the reality of talent training activities in colleges and universities, has strong adaptability, and has been widely used in quality management practice in colleges and universities. When it comes to teaching quality monitoring, we should pay special attention to process monitoring, because teaching quality is largely formed in the whole process of talent training. If a link fails to meet the quality standards, the quality chain will break and the overall quality will not be guaranteed. At the same time, full participation is the foundation. Without this foundation, everything is a castle in the air. Through the construction of quality culture, improve quality consciousness, internalize it into conscious behavior, and build a solid ideological foundation for all staff to participate.
Quality is not determined by inspection, but created by production. The "production line" of university organization is teaching, and the quality control of teaching line must give full play to the main role of front-line teachers and students. At the same time, with the deepening of the reform of internal management system in colleges and universities, the reform of college system with the theme of shifting management focus has made progress. Therefore, the focus of internal quality control in colleges and universities lies in the teaching grass-roots, and the corresponding monitoring mode needs to be constructed.
Practice has proved that it is a beneficial attempt to build a teaching quality monitoring model with school-led, college-led and full participation. In this monitoring mode, the school is committed to the construction of teaching quality standards and target management, and the college is committed to the monitoring and management of specific teaching activities. Teachers and students can consciously evaluate and adjust their own behaviors in their work or study, so as to realize the unity of the subject and object of quality monitoring and make the various forces of internal quality monitoring form a joint force. On the operational level, this model can be realized by implementing the evaluation system of teaching work in colleges and universities. The focus of teaching evaluation in various colleges in the school is the teaching work and management of each college, which aims to objectively evaluate the teaching work of each college, accurately diagnose the problems existing in the work, stimulate the quality consciousness of teachers and students, and realize the steady improvement of teaching quality.