No tea, no rice, no idiot, no deafness, and left without saying goodbye.
Not bad, not bad, not bad, not bad, not bad, not bad.
If you don't take the liberty, you won't get what you want.
It is shameful to ask questions and despise others. It's a pity not to eat fireworks.
If you don't move, you will have it. If you don't fight, you will have it.
It is hard to know that the heart of the Yellow River will not die.
Unpopular, not seriously, the son of man will die quietly without waiting for the tortoise.
Not to be outdone, not to be outdone.
It doesn't matter, dare not ask questions, dare not cross the line, unsmiling, unfounded.
Those who don't attack themselves, don't hum, don't ha, tremble and break up in discord.
Do what you have to do, don't be pressured.
Not evil but strict, regardless of the two laws, not angry or angry.
Don't kill, don't kill, often can be effortless.
There is no doubt that there is no pity, no cut, no present, no ancient separation.
2. Classical Chinese in idiom stories (1 1). Ppt 1, carve a boat for a sword.
Some Chu people waded in the river, and their swords fell into the water from the boat, so they made an agreement with the people on the boat and said, "My sword fell from above." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword.
The ship has sailed, but the sword has not moved. Isn't it very confusing to look for the sword like this? From Lv Chunqiu Cha Jin 2. Zheng people buy shoes. Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and let them sit down.
Go to town and forget to fuck it. Fulfilling his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist!" " "On the contrary, take it.
The anti-urban strike cannot be realized. People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."
3. Every grass and tree is a soldier. When Jian and Fu Rong entered the city, they looked at each other and saw that the ranks were neat and the soldiers were elite. Gu Bei looked at the vegetation of Bagong Mountain and said, "This is also a strong enemy. "What do you mean less?" I'm scared.
For example, I don't know how to pretend to understand the phenomenon of classical Chinese in idioms I don't know how to ask questions, whether it's true or not, and what to do. I don't care about this. I don't care about this. I don't care about this. I don't care about this. I don't care about this. I don't care about this. Don't look down on others, don't eat fireworks, don't be ashamed, and finally go to the next place. Don't be indifferent, don't be ignorant, don't know that the Yellow River is immortal, don't be unpopular, don't be rude, don't die a natural death, don't be afraid to look askance, don't be outdone, don't haggle over every ounce, don't dare to cross the line, don't be unsmiling and don't be rootless. Those who don't complain, laugh, tremble, and are unhappy in the end have to fight for it, confess themselves, do not be evil, and be strict. The only way is not to be indifferent to each other, not to be angry, not to be angry, not to kill, not to be ignorant.
4. Ask the scientific name of the spider. It lives underground. It can't weave a web. About 1 hairy spider is generally translated into tarantula in English, but its original meaning is tarantula. At that time, Europeans mistakenly thought that the hairy spider was a tarantula (Lycosidae is another family), so the tarantula is now another name for the hairy spider.
The size of hairy spiders is medium and large in the order Araneae. The foot span of the smallest Cyrioco *** us leetzi is 3 cm, and the foot span of the largest Amazon bird-eating bird Theraphosa blondi is more than 20 cm.
Hairy spiders are mainly divided into two categories, namely arboreal and terrestrial:
Arboreal type:
Arboreal spiders live in vertical places such as trees and corners. They like to build nests with silk. Most of their nests are round tubes and U-shaped, which will produce many thick layers of silk. This silk bed is mainly used for resting and molting. Tree spiders are agile, slender and flat, and all tree spiders can't kick hair. There are three ways to protect yourself. They shoot shit, attack intruders and uninvited guests, and the last resort is to flee quickly. Living in trees, all tree spiders have shorter life span and growth speed than terrestrial spiders, and their body length is also shorter than terrestrial spiders. Common tree spiders in the market are Aviculariinae and Poecilotheriinae.
Land type:
There are usually two kinds of spiders on the ground. One can dig holes to make nests, and the other can't make nests, just looking for some holes in the ground (usually some snake holes, rat holes or holes dug by other spiders, such as bird-eating spiders). They will also decorate their caves with silk to prevent the ground from damp and moldy, ants and other small intruders. During the peeling process, they will seal the holes with silk to protect their fragile new bodies.
Because they are burrowing, they only hunt near their nests, and the female spiders will live in their caves for life. Because the male wants to find the female, he will abandon his nest to find the female.
There are three ways for terrestrial spiders to defend themselves. Because they won't give up their nests easily, they will kick their hair (only South American spiders can). Second, they will pose as attackers to drive away the enemy. Third, if they can't, they can only hide back to their nests quickly. There are many kinds of ground spiders in the market, such as South American spiders (Araneae) and Asian ground tigers (Araneae &; Hymenopterinae) and Babu (Hymenopterinae &; Harpactirinae)。
In addition to using the above different lifestyles to distinguish hairy spiders, different habitats are also ways to distinguish hairy spiders. All species living in the American continent are New World species, while those living outside America are called Old World species.
Let's talk about new world species first. In the new world, ground spiders kick hair and tree spiders shoot shit to defend themselves. Anyone who keeps American spiders will know that American spiders have long abdominal hair, because they kicked it out later, and those hairs can make mammals react. For example, hair blowing into the eyes will make the eyes red and swollen and temporarily blind. If it enters the respiratory tract, it will cause sneezing and breathing difficulties, and it will also sting the skin. Although tree spiders don't kick their hair, the excrement discharged from their tails can also make mammals sensitive.
Common genera and species in the United States are as follows:
Acanthoptera brevicaudata
Generally speaking, the spider belongs to the family Animalidae, which is a relatively primitive family. So far, about 830 species have been found. Bird spider is a kind of protowart, with one eye focused on the top of the head and chest. The biggest difference from other protowarts is that its feet have a tuft of hair at the end of the steps.
The ornithopteridae is divided into 14 subfamilies:
Except America, the species in all regions are also Old World spiders. In different places, spiders in the old world will have representative titles.
The Asian earth tiger has tiger stripes on its body (tail). The tiger is a representative animal in Asia, so people abroad call the Asian hairy spider the earth tiger.
The origin of baboon spiders in Africa is also because baboons are baboons. All African hairy spiders are also fierce, like baboons (baboons are also fierce animals), so the locals call hairy spiders Babu. There are many varieties of Babu, among which the well-known varieties are Emperor Babu Citharischius crawshay, Ba Jiao Bucerato Gyrus, African Red/Black/Coffee Babu Hysterocrates and Orange Babu Pterinochilus.
5. How to understand classical Chinese? ppt 1。 Accumulation focuses on the understanding of cultural common sense and the recitation of famous sentences and articles. There are two main types of dictation questions in classical Chinese for senior high school entrance examination: (1) memory fill-in-the-blank questions; (2) Understand the fill-in-the-blank questions.
Memory fill-in-the-blank questions generally need the continuation of the previous sentence or the filling of the next sentence. This kind of test questions test mechanical memory. Candidates can solve problems as long as they can recite them skillfully and don't write typos.
Understanding fill-in-the-blank questions generally has a clear answer direction, and it is required to fill in the required content according to the prompts. Although this type of question is in the form of dictation, it only prompts the title of the text, indicates the content of the dictation sentence, and does not give the context of the dictation sentence.
This is not only a question of memorizing basic skills, but also a test of students' understanding of the text, which is a combination of memory and understanding. To do this kind of questions, we must first understand the hints accurately, and then mobilize and accumulate the answers correctly.
This kind of questions has accounted for half of the dictation questions in this year's senior high school entrance examination, and will become the main questions in classical Chinese dictation in the future. Therefore, we should pay attention to understanding the accumulation of classical Chinese, and pay attention to the accumulation of long-term water.
Nevertheless, it is still difficult for students to memorize all China's classical poems word for word. In order to improve their learning efficiency, they should pay attention to the understanding and memory of famous sentences, famous paragraphs and related literary common sense. Among China's classical poems studied in junior high school, some articles can be called classics, such as Peach Blossom Spring, Little Stone Pond, Argument on Cao Gui, On Ailian, Examples and so on. We must memorize the full text of such an excellent work.
There are also some poems that have been circulated in the world mainly because some sentences or paragraphs are particularly brilliant. Learning this kind of poetry should focus on the accumulation of famous sentences and paragraphs on the basis of overall understanding. Classical Chinese recitation is examined in the form of dictation in the entrance examination, and the scoring requirements are very strict. If you make a mistake in the whole sentence, you won't get a point. Therefore, in the usual study, in addition to accurate recitation, we should also make more efforts in accurate dictation, pay attention to our own hands while speaking, and avoid losing points because of typos.
Second, the recognition of reading focuses on the understanding of the basic meaning of keywords and key sentences. The knowledge and ability needed to solve classical Chinese reading problems outside the senior high school entrance examination can be found in the text. In other words, the test center of extracurricular classical Chinese is still the knowledge in class and the reading ability of classical Chinese based on learning in class. Therefore, the key for junior three students to have the ability to read classical Chinese and understand its content with the help of notes and reference books is to accumulate some knowledge of classical Chinese vocabulary and common sentence patterns, so learning classical Chinese should pay attention to the understanding and accumulation of basic meanings of vocabulary and sentences.
The so-called basic meaning has two meanings here. From the perspective of words, every word has its original meaning and extended meaning. Attention should be paid to the identification of the original meaning and main extended meaning of common notional words in the study of classical Chinese. Accumulating this kind of knowledge is helpful to improve our ability to use Chinese, which is the instrumental highlight of Chinese subject and one of the goals of classical Chinese learning.
From the perspective of clauses, grasping the basic meaning is to understand the main content of sentence expression, and junior three students can read classical Chinese sentences. You don't have to stick to the knowledge of grammar and sentence patterns, nor do you have to stick to the realization of words. You can grasp the main meaning of the sentence and explain the basic content of the sentence in modern Chinese.
We should pay attention to some special language phenomena when recognizing and reading words in classical Chinese. For example, some words in classical Chinese have changed their meanings in modern Chinese due to the development of the times. When reading these words, we should pay attention to the difference between ancient and modern meanings, and we must not interpret the ancient meanings from the present.
In ancient Chinese, there is another phenomenon that we call "loanwords", that is, the ancients used this word to replace other words. The pronunciation and meaning of loanwords are generally the same as those of loanwords, such as "lying on your right knee and supporting the boat with your right arm", which is interpreted as "bending over". When learning classical Chinese, we should not only familiarize ourselves with the common sentence patterns in classical Chinese by reading more, but also pay attention to the flexible use of parts of speech.
Flexible use of parts of speech is a common language phenomenon in classical Chinese. Due to the change of parts of speech, the meaning of words also changes. In this case, we can't understand the word according to its original part of speech. For example, the word "sweat cow" in question 7 of this year's senior high school entrance examination can't be interpreted as "sweat cow", but should be interpreted as "make cow sweat". We should summarize this phenomenon of flexible use of parts of speech in our daily study.
3. Understanding focuses on grasping the content of the article and the author's thoughts and feelings. Some of China's classical poems we studied in junior high school depict the magnificent scenery of the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, some reveal rich social and life philosophy, some show the heroism of a generation of great men, and some reflect the lofty morality and integrity of people with lofty ideals. Reading these poems can improve our cultural accomplishment, make us establish a sense of national pride and cultivate a healthy and noble aesthetic and patriotic spirit. We should focus on understanding the contents of China's classical poems and grasping the thoughts and feelings contained in them, which is also the focus of reading classical Chinese in senior high school entrance examinations over the years.
To learn China's classical poetry, we should first find out the central sentence or key sentence of the article on the basis of repeated reading, and then use these sentences to correctly divide the content levels, summarize the meaning of paragraphs (layers), clarify the relationship between paragraphs (layers), sort out the writing ideas, and feel the author's thoughts and feelings, so as to grasp the main idea of the article. For example, the full text of Love Lotus is only 120 words, with concise writing and beautiful language. Starting with Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums and the world's love for peonies, this paper leads to his love for lotus flowers that are "muddy but not stained". Chrysanthemum, peony and lotus are three different flowers to symbolize three different people, namely "seclusion", "wealth" and "gentleman", and make comments. There are few people who express their true seclusion, and it is difficult to find a gentleman like themselves, while people who love money in the world only have many feelings.
By loving and praising the lotus, the author expresses his noble sentiment of complete self-love and being different from the common customs, and shows contempt for those who strive for fame and gain in the world. After the above study and combing, we can really understand the text and be handy in the exam.
6. How to learn classical Chinese? Ppt 1. Several problems that should be paid attention to when learning the notional words in classical Chinese.
Content words in classical Chinese include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. In classical Chinese, the number of notional words far exceeds that of function words. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is to master the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. Only by mastering the meaning of a certain number of classical Chinese words and accumulating knowledge about classical Chinese words can we read classical Chinese smoothly.
When learning content words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to the following points: 1, and pay attention to distinguishing the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings. From the right generation to today, the meaning of Chinese is constantly evolving. The meanings of some basic words and general words are few, and the meanings of ancient and modern words have not changed. Such words will not cause us any difficulties in learning classical Chinese.
Other words, though commonly used in classical Chinese, disappeared with the disappearance of old things and old ideas, and the meanings of ancient and modern words changed. This change is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1), the expansion of meaning. The expansion of word meaning refers to the expansion of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from part to whole, from individual to general, from narrow sense to broad sense, so that the original meaning becomes a part of the extension of new meaning.
For example, "autumn" refers to extending from one season to the whole year; "Sleep" refers to the extension from sitting and dozing to sleeping. (2) The narrowing of meaning.
The narrowing of word meaning refers to the narrowing of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from the whole to the part, from the broad sense to the narrow sense, so that the new meaning becomes a part of the extension of the original meaning. For example, "husband" generally refers to men in ancient times, such as "does husband also love his youngest son?" Now, "husband" refers to a woman's spouse.
"Smell" refers to all smells, especially malodorous gases. "Soup" generally refers to hot water and boiled water, especially vegetable soup and broth.
(3), the transfer of meaning. The transfer of word meaning refers to the change of word meaning from nail to object B.
For example, "scholar" in ancient times refers to "scholar", for example, "so a scholar can't be cautious without thinking deeply" (You Shan Wang), and now refers to people who have certain academic achievements. "Miss", in ancient times, refers to unmarried women or unmarried women in powerful families. Now, under the background of reform and opening up, its meaning has basically changed, referring to the woman who has improper behavior.
If you call a beautiful young lady, the lady will stare at you angrily to show that she is not a lady. (4) The color of the word meaning has changed.
For example, "slander" in ancient times refers to publicly accusing others of their faults, which is a neutral word. For example, "those who can slander the city and listen to me will be rewarded."
Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi. Now using "slander" is slander, which means to speak ill of others out of thin air. It is a derogatory term. The above four situations are the main types of semantic changes in ancient and modern times.
The existence of a large number of words with both ancient and modern meanings is the main obstacle to the study of classical Chinese. When we study classical Chinese, we must combine the study of classical Chinese works to master the common meaning of a group of commonly used words purposefully, planned and required.
2. Pay attention to the distinction between monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in ancient and modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, disyllabic words account for the vast majority, while in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words are dominant. Therefore, when reading classical Chinese, don't mistake disyllabic words in classical Chinese for disyllabic words in modern Chinese.
For example, the ancient meaning of "extraordinary" in "Extraordinary View" (You Bao Chan Shan) is two words: different. It means adverb of degree.
In addition, don't explain the disyllabic words in classical Chinese alone. For example, the word "worry-free" in Sunset Killing a Hundred Careless People (Feng Wanzhen) is a couplet meaning "probably" and "roughly", which has nothing to do with "nothing" and "worry" and cannot be separated.
3. Pay attention to the polysemy in ancient Chinese. Like modern Chinese, classical Chinese has ambiguity.
If we only know one or two meanings of a polysemous word, it is easy to interpret one or two meanings when reading classical Chinese, and we may make mistakes in understanding. In order to avoid mistakes, we should consciously accumulate and sort out knowledge.
In our textbooks, there is this convenient exercise at the back of every classical Chinese to help us accumulate and organize our works. It must be done seriously and cannot be ignored. With the accumulation of meaning, we can choose the meaning more accurately when we encounter polysemous words.
In addition, we also need to know the original meaning and extended meaning of words. Every word has its original meaning, which is the original meaning.
Later, with the development and change of society, the new meaning is its extended meaning. For example, "wife" means to catch a woman by hand in ancient times, but it is a man's spouse in modern times.
"Sun" means that my son's son has been passed down from generation to generation, but now it means his son. 4. Pay attention to the phenomenon of interchangeable words.
It is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese that ancient Chinese characters are falsified. In ancient times, due to the phonetic similarity, some words were often used together with other words, and the phenomenon that these words replaced each other in use was called "Tong Jia" words.
"Tong" is universal; "Fake" is a loan. Identifying interchangeable words is not an easy task. The earlier the classical Chinese is, the harder it is to read the interchangeable words.
For beginners, the way to master interchangeable words is to read more classical Chinese, look up dictionaries and accumulate knowledge. Second, several problems that should be paid attention to when studying function words in classical Chinese.
Function words in classical Chinese include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and pronouns. The lexical meaning of function words is abstract, but it has many grammatical functions such as expressing mood and organizing content words.
Function words in classical Chinese, especially commonly used function words, appear frequently in classical Chinese and have flexible usage. When reading classical Chinese, we should be good at distinguishing the meaning and function of function words in order to fully understand the meaning of the article.
If function words are misunderstood, it will affect the understanding of the whole sentence and even the whole article. In learning, we should pay attention to the following convenient questions.
1, distinguish between real words and function words. Function words in classical Chinese are mostly grammaticalized from real words.
For example, the basic meaning of "suo" is "place", and later it is extended to "place" or "person" as a structural auxiliary word. For another example, the basic meaning of "zhi" is "Xiang", which was later blurred into pronouns, auxiliary words, modal particles and so on, becoming the most used function words.
It's good.
7. How to get high marks in the Chinese exam? First of all, it's very important to review your comprehensive class notes before the exam ~
Secondly, don't be nervous during the exam, just hold your horses and read all the questions.
1, basic knowledge, rote memorization, but also write down afterlife words, pinyin, classical Chinese and ancient poems.
2. In class reading, we should remember the key points and understand the development.
3. Read this article after class. You can read more essay questions when you are free. (Read the passage three times: 1, skim it; 2. read one side with questions; 3. Read carefully and pay attention to the underlined words. When answering questions, pay attention to the center of the article, write the answer longer, and consider all aspects before writing.
4. When answering activity questions after class and in class, the changing teacher is positive. = =
You must read all the books, so as not to lose points.
6. (When choosing a composition topic, if you are good at it) The composition should be novel and meaningful, write around the center, and use a lot of good words and sentences. It is best to write long sentences on the hour and correct meaningful sentences. Teachers are also good at this.
Finally, usually pay more attention to preview and review, don't bother yourself, you will be very relaxed during the exam.
I wish LZ always get high marks in the exam _ ~ ~ ~
8. How to learn classical Chinese? Ppt 1. Several problems that should be paid attention to when learning the notional words in classical Chinese.
Content words in classical Chinese include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. In classical Chinese, the number of notional words far exceeds that of function words. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is to master the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. Only by mastering the meaning of a certain number of classical Chinese words and accumulating knowledge about classical Chinese words can we read classical Chinese smoothly.
When learning content words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to the following points: 1, and pay attention to distinguishing the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings. From the right generation to today, the meaning of Chinese is constantly evolving. The meanings of some basic words and general words are few, and the meanings of ancient and modern words have not changed. Such words will not cause us any difficulties in learning classical Chinese.
Other words, though commonly used in classical Chinese, disappeared with the disappearance of old things and old ideas, and the meanings of ancient and modern words changed. This change is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1), the expansion of meaning. The expansion of word meaning refers to the expansion of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from part to whole, from individual to general, from narrow sense to broad sense, so that the original meaning becomes a part of the extension of new meaning.
For example, "autumn" refers to extending from one season to the whole year; "Sleep" refers to the extension from sitting and dozing to sleeping. (2) The narrowing of meaning.
The narrowing of word meaning refers to the narrowing of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from the whole to the part, from the broad sense to the narrow sense, so that the new meaning becomes a part of the extension of the original meaning. For example, "husband" generally refers to men in ancient times, such as "does husband also love his youngest son?" Now, "husband" refers to a woman's spouse.
"Smell" refers to all smells, especially malodorous gases. "Soup" generally refers to hot water and boiled water, especially vegetable soup and broth.
(3), the transfer of meaning. The transfer of word meaning refers to the change of word meaning from nail to object B.
For example, "scholar" in ancient times refers to "scholar", for example, "so a scholar can't be cautious without thinking deeply" (You Shan Wang), and now refers to people who have certain academic achievements. "Miss", in ancient times, refers to unmarried women or unmarried women in powerful families. Now, under the background of reform and opening up, its meaning has basically changed, referring to the woman who has improper behavior.
If you call a beautiful young lady, the lady will stare at you angrily to show that she is not a lady. (4) The color of the word meaning has changed.
For example, "slander" in ancient times refers to publicly accusing others of their faults, which is a neutral word. For example, "those who can slander the city and listen to me will be rewarded."
Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi. Now using "slander" is slander, which means to speak ill of others out of thin air. It is a derogatory term. The above four situations are the main types of semantic changes in ancient and modern times.
The existence of a large number of words with both ancient and modern meanings is the main obstacle to the study of classical Chinese. When we study classical Chinese, we must combine the study of classical Chinese works to master the common meaning of a group of commonly used words purposefully, planned and required.
2. Pay attention to the distinction between monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in ancient and modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, disyllabic words account for the vast majority, while in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words are dominant. Therefore, when reading classical Chinese, don't mistake disyllabic words in classical Chinese for disyllabic words in modern Chinese.
For example, the ancient meaning of "extraordinary" in "Extraordinary View" (You Bao Chan Shan) is two words: different. It means adverb of degree.
In addition, don't explain the disyllabic words in classical Chinese alone. For example, the word "worry-free" in Sunset Killing a Hundred Careless People (Feng Wanzhen) is a couplet meaning "probably" and "roughly", which has nothing to do with "nothing" and "worry" and cannot be separated.
3. Pay attention to the polysemy in ancient Chinese. Like modern Chinese, classical Chinese has ambiguity.
If we only know one or two meanings of a polysemous word, it is easy to interpret one or two meanings when reading classical Chinese, and we may make mistakes in understanding. In order to avoid mistakes, we should consciously accumulate and sort out knowledge.
In our textbooks, there is this convenient exercise at the back of every classical Chinese to help us accumulate and organize our works. It must be done seriously and cannot be ignored. With the accumulation of meaning, we can choose the meaning more accurately when we encounter polysemous words.
In addition, we also need to know the original meaning and extended meaning of words. Every word has its original meaning, which is the original meaning.
Later, with the development and change of society, the new meaning is its extended meaning. For example, "wife" means to catch a woman by hand in ancient times, but it is a man's spouse in modern times.
"Sun" means that my son's son has been passed down from generation to generation, but now it means his son. 4. Pay attention to the phenomenon of interchangeable words.
It is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese that ancient Chinese characters are falsified. In ancient times, due to the phonetic similarity, some words were often used together with other words, and the phenomenon that these words replaced each other in use was called "Tong Jia" words.
"Tong" is universal; "Fake" is a loan. Identifying interchangeable words is not an easy task. The earlier the classical Chinese is, the harder it is to read the interchangeable words.
For beginners, the way to master interchangeable words is to read more classical Chinese, look up dictionaries and accumulate knowledge. Second, several problems that should be paid attention to when studying function words in classical Chinese.
Function words in classical Chinese include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and pronouns. The lexical meaning of function words is abstract, but it has many grammatical functions such as expressing mood and organizing content words.
Function words in classical Chinese, especially commonly used function words, appear frequently in classical Chinese and have flexible usage. When reading classical Chinese, we should be good at distinguishing the meaning and function of function words in order to fully understand the meaning of the article.
If function words are misunderstood, it will affect the understanding of the whole sentence and even the whole article. In learning, we should pay attention to the following convenient questions.
1, distinguish between real words and function words. Function words in classical Chinese are mostly grammaticalized from real words.
For example, the basic meaning of "suo" is "place", and later it is extended to "place" or "person" as a structural auxiliary word. For another example, the basic meaning of "zhi" is "Xiang", which was later blurred into pronouns, auxiliary words and modal particles. , become useful.