Generally speaking, there are two situations: the first kind of stalk. Because of the * * * factor of nicotine, it makes people relaxed and refreshed. The second one: smoking when you have nothing to do, just like a hobby when you are bored. Holding a cigarette and having a smoke with nothing to do is a simple pastime.
But because of relieving stress and distracting attention, it gradually became a habit, and finally it was addictive to add nicotine.
In fact, a large part of it is just a bad habit, not a real addiction, but a way to relieve emotions when encountering crisis and stress.
Therefore, men like to smoke when they are in trouble and depressed.
Why are cigarettes addictive?
The reasons for smoking addiction can be divided into six points to analyze: the first is the temptation of nicotine. Because only 0.5 mg of nicotine is addictive, and the average nicotine of a cigarette exceeds 0.5 mg. Although some cigarette manufacturers are still producing cigarettes with nicotine per 1.5mg-2mg, most of them have switched to producing light cigarettes, and the nicotine content of each cigarette is about 0. 1-0.4mg, but the total amount of 20 cigarettes per pack still far exceeds the addictive amount of 0.5mg nicotine. When nicotine enters the body, it will make the hypothalamic nerves in the brain feel excited, commonly known as "cool" feeling, because if you stop inhaling nicotine for a long time, you will feel depressed, weak, and even yawn and shed tears, which is very sad. So, you need more nicotine to have fun. More nicotine requires more smoking. If you switch to an old smoker who smokes light cigarettes, you will smoke more fiercely, smoke more, and become more and more addicted to nicotine. Some people even think that nicotine is more addictive and more difficult to quit than heroin. That's the reason. Nicotine and adrenaline reach the hypothalamic nerve at the same time, resulting in a feeling of concentration and excitement, but in less than a few seconds, it will cause vasoconstriction, accelerated heartbeat and accelerated pulse, resulting in cardiovascular diseases, such as sudden changes and sudden death such as cerebral hemorrhage, stroke and shock, which are all caused by nicotine. In particular, the rate of smokers becoming cardiovascular patients is 10 times that of non-smokers, and nicotine is the number one killer.
Why is tobacco addictive?
Nicotine in cigarettes is addictive because it mimics a pleasant chemical acetylcholine and "hijacks" protein, a receptor in the brain that binds to acetylcholine. Acetylcholine receptors can be divided into multiple subunits. Scientists have previously found 12 such subunits, but they are not sure which one plays a key role in nicotine addiction.
Henry Lester of California Institute of Technology and others reported that they had identified a subunit of acetylcholine receptor called A4 * which played a key role in nicotine addiction. Through genetic modification, the researchers bred experimental mice with increased sensitivity to nicotine in specific subunits, and then found out which subunit is more important in the addiction mechanism.
The results showed that when the A4 * subunit of experimental mice was activated, while other subunits remained relatively silent, typical addiction symptoms could appear in experimental mice. This shows that this subunit is enough to start the mechanism of nicotine addiction, which is the most critical in the process of drug addiction.
Why is smoking addictive? Is it a habit or something?
Smoking is a forced habit. If you don't let a smoker smoke for a day, he will be restless and worried (I am a smoker myself, and now I can't smoke a cigarette a day, which is harmful to my health). After long-term smoking, nicotine will remain in the human body, and nicotine will be addictive. Quitting smoking for a long time is a painful thing. The most important thing is that the first half of the month is difficult, and when you get through it, you will slowly come over. Nicotine won't control you, you will recover.
Why is smoking addictive?
According to the statistics of authoritative organizations, more than 92% of adult smokers have the desire to quit smoking, and more than 70% of them have a long or short history of quitting smoking, but most of them have failed. Many smokers start with fun, communication and entertainment, but as they get older, it becomes more and more difficult to quit smoking. The reason is the addiction of nicotine.
After smoking a certain amount of cigarettes, smokers accumulate a certain amount of nicotine, which can release sugar from the liver to the blood, raise blood sugar, make people feel excited and concentrate, and nicotine can increase the acidity of the human body. After quitting smoking, nicotine in the body will be released and reduced. At this time, the blood sugar and acidity in the body will decrease, and people will feel restless, listless, restless, insomnia and nausea, and various adverse pathological reactions will occur, thus generating a strong desire to smoke to supplement nicotine in the body. This is the so-called addiction, which is the root cause of the difficulty in quitting smoking.
Naturally, this process lasts 3-6 months, so many people give up halfway.
Why do some people smoke for years without surfing the Internet? Others soon became addicted.
Smoking addiction is not so much a physiological reason as a psychological one;
There is no clear answer to this question in science. However, a fundamental reason is that nicotine contained in tobacco has two distinct special functions: excitement and sedation.
Dr. Herridge, director of the Smoking and Health Research Center of the German branch of the British Lofumen Tobacco Company, said: "Smoking may bring some benefits to people, which may be an explanation that the fragrance in tobacco products can bring people * * * * *; The more important reason is that nicotine in tobacco is good for human brain. Smoking can eliminate fatigue, and improving attention and regulating people's emotions are the main incentives for people to smoke. "
The answer of cigarette lovers is not as rigorous as that of experts, but it seems more convincing. Here are some examples:
First, smoking can regulate people's mood. Smoking solves the problem. Life is full of difficulties, and there will inevitably be difficulties. When something is difficult, try to deal with it, or feel unpleasant, smoking can solve the problem. It is common for some people to hide and smoke stuffy cigarettes when they are in pain and smoke continuously when they are emotional. Some people think that smoking can make people think in smoke, find various ways to save themselves, and gradually open their minds. Smoking is to relieve loneliness. People often feel lonely. When you take a long-distance bus, wait for a bus, wait for someone, especially when you are alone, you will feel empty. While smoking a cigarette and watching the smoke drift away, I feel a lot richer in my heart, as if I had a bosom friend around me. Smoking relieves tension. It's time to fall asleep, but you can't always calm down and get excited. Smoking a cigarette will gradually calm your mood and sleep peacefully. When you are nervous, extremely excited or even furious, smoking a cigarette will relieve your nervousness. Many people always like to light a cigarette when they are anxious. Cigarettes can play a "calming" role. So some people don't smoke at ordinary times, and only light one when they are upset. Smoking when you are happy. Smoking is very comfortable and I feel good about myself. Smoking when happy things happen or good friends get together will make people feel more comfortable and add fun. Smoking in leisure time. In most cases, smoking is a kind of rest. Smoking is always fundamentally different from surviving, working hard and achieving great things. Smoking buys a little time, and it is also a little leisure in a tense situation. It is very beneficial for people to convince themselves psychologically that the things at hand are still controllable. Although sometimes people think deeply and even make important choices through smoking, most of them are relaxed.
Second, habits. Cigarettes are like life partners. People who smoke often unconsciously take out their cigarettes to light a fire.
Third, smoking enjoys the "fragrant" taste. Because cigarettes are fragrant and delicious, smokers can enjoy this delicious taste.
Fourth, smoking generates inspiration. Mark Twain said: Almost all writers are addicts. Artists and writers who love cigarettes all their lives are just like stars. Inspired by the misty smoke, they created a series of artistic treasures and masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
Fifth, follow the crowd. Influenced by colleagues and partners, imitate their behavior. Some people think that smokers are generally gregarious and there are few eccentric people.
Sixth, smoking is a social interaction. When we meet for the first time, offering a cigarette to show respect and courtesy to others can shorten the distance between hearts.
Seventh, smoking to show off. Some people smoke to show themselves in front of others. Take out a box of beautifully decorated high-grade cigarettes, take out a delicate lighter, click the cigarette and smoke brand-name cigarettes to make yourself happy. Or casually throw a "jade seal" or "porcelain" to others, and the "giver" is infinitely satisfied with his "generosity". Conspicuous consumption plays a very important role in tobacco consumption. Smoking famous brand cigarettes contains all kinds of hints, which is the embodiment of economic strength; Expression of social status; It is also a manifestation of mental state. In the areas that take the lead in opening up and getting rich, people generally smoke foreign brands, and people who are not professionals or deep in this field can't even tell what's good about these cigarettes. Conspicuous consumption can be said to be a kind of consumption to others. Everyone is unique to me, and everyone has his own height. This kind of self-display is not worth taking. ......
Why are cigarettes addictive?
People may think that smoking a little is not addictive. However, American scientists have recently discovered that a small amount of nicotine is enough to cause long-term chemical changes in brain cells, which may make the brain remember the euphoria caused by nicotine, so it is more addictive than previously thought. Previous studies have shown that after inhaling nicotine, the content of dopamine related to euphoria in the brain of experimental rats increases. Exposure to nicotine can keep the dopamine content in the brain at a high level for several hours, which may be the cause of smoking addiction. According to the new issue of New Scientist magazine, Daniel McGonagall, a neurobiologist at the University of Chicago, found that nicotine can combine with a nerve cell subunit called "Alpha 7" to release amino acids from nerve cells, thus prompting other nerve cells to secrete dopamine. After one contact with nicotine, the state of high dopamine content can last for 45 minutes or more. When the same part of the brain receives nicotine again, the reaction will be stronger. This phenomenon is called "long-term potential difference" and is related to the memory and learning process in the hippocampus of the brain. Calculations show that a small amount of nicotine is enough to make the brain remember this euphoria. The medical community generally believes that repeated exposure to nicotine will make the brain's response to nicotine slower and slower, and smokers need to consume more nicotine to get euphoria. Ian stallman, a scientist at King's College in England, recently suggested that repeated exposure to nicotine will make the brain more and more sensitive and excited to nicotine, thus making it more difficult to quit smoking. The above findings of American scientists provide some evidence for stallman's theory. Next, scientists will conduct animal experiments to see if nicotine has the same effect on the brains of living animals as cells in brain slices. If confirmed, it is expected to develop an effective smoking cessation method with little side effects.
Why is smoking addictive?
Nicotine is inhaled when smoking, and nicotine is addictive. After nicotine accumulates in the human body to a certain amount, it will increase the awareness of blood sugar, and other secretion will also rise, which is exciting and refreshing.
Why are cigarettes addictive?
Xinhuanet Beijing165438+1October 14 Recent research by American scientists on the formation process of drug addicts shows that a special substance plays a very important role in it. They think this new discovery may help to find more effective ways to quit smoking. What makes addicts addicted is actually mainly nicotine in cigarettes. Nicotine is addictive because it mimics a pleasant chemical acetylcholine and "hijacks" protein, a receptor in the brain that binds to acetylcholine. Acetylcholine receptors can be divided into multiple subunits. Scientists have previously found 12 such subunits, but they are not sure which one plays a key role in nicotine addiction. Henry Lester of California Institute of Technology and others recently reported in Science that they identified a subunit of acetylcholine receptor called A4 * as playing a key role in nicotine addiction. Through genetic modification, the researchers bred experimental mice with increased sensitivity to nicotine in specific subunits, and then found out which subunit is more important in the addiction mechanism. The results showed that when the A4 * subunit of experimental mice was activated, while other subunits remained relatively silent, typical addiction symptoms could appear in experimental mice. This shows that this subunit is enough to start the mechanism of nicotine addiction, which is the most critical in the process of drug addiction. However, scientists can't try to quit smoking by simply blocking the "A4 *" subunit, because this subunit is related to many physiological functions of the human body, including appetite, biological clock, learning and memory, and so on. But scientists believe that their findings provide clues for finding new ways to quit smoking.
Smoking, why is it addictive?
American researchers have found that a mutant gene can make animals absorb more nicotine. The results show that people who are addicted to smoking may have quite a lot of genetic roots. The research team headed by Jerry Stuetzel, a scientist from the University of Colorado, published a paper in the journal Behavioral Neuroscience, saying that after studying the nicotine absorption of experimental mice, they found that a gene named "Chrna4" affected the nicotine absorption of human body. The single nucleotide of the gene was mutated, and threonine was used instead of normal alanine. The amount of nicotine absorbed by experimental mice with gene mutation was significantly higher than that of normal experimental mice. Chrna4 gene is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine receptor protein. Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter that produces euphoria, and also affects the body's learning and memory ability, sleep, muscle movement, heartbeat and blood pressure. Researchers believe that the composition of nicotine is highly similar to acetylcholine, and it is likely to bind to the same receptor protein. After absorbing nicotine, the nervous system will also produce euphoria similar to acetylcholine. After the mutation of Chrna4 gene, the acetylcholine receptor protein produced by the body is more likely to bind to nicotine. For experimental mice, this will encourage the body to absorb more nicotine without side effects on the nervous system; For humans, this will make the human body easily dependent on nicotine, that is, smoking addiction. The researchers also found that this gene mutation works with some unknown genes, which will indirectly affect alcohol addiction. Stuetzer said that analyzing the genes related to smoking addiction can not only increase the understanding of the mechanism of smoking addiction, but also help to design more effective smoking cessation treatments for different genotypes. But he also stressed that about half of the addiction comes from genes, and the other half is influenced by society and environment. Even from the genetic point of view, it is a process involving multiple genes, and the variation of a single gene cannot be the only decisive factor. Previously, Henry Lester of California Institute of Technology and other researchers recently published a report in Science magazine, saying that they had identified a subunit of acetylcholine receptor called A4 *, which played a key role in the process of nicotine addiction. Lester explained that nicotine is addictive because it mimics the pleasant chemical acetylcholine and "hijacks" protein, a brain receptor that binds to acetylcholine. At present, it is found that acetylcholine receptor can be divided into multiple subunits. Animal experiments show that when the "A4 *" subunit in experimental mice mutates, its sensitivity to nicotine is more than 50 times than usual. In other words, in the case of very little nicotine, experimental mice can have typical addiction symptoms. However, the researchers believe that it is impossible to simply block the function of this subunit for smoking cessation test, because this subunit is related to appetite, biological clock, learning and other physiological functions. Canadian scientists have discovered a gene related to young people's addiction to nicotine in cigarettes. This gene is called CYP2A6, and its two variants will reduce the content of enzymes that remove nicotine from the liver. This means that the process of eliminating nicotine will be slower, so the brain will soon be exposed to high concentrations of nicotine, which will make smokers feel happy and gradually become addicted to cigarettes. Scientists from McGill University in Canada surveyed 1300 teenagers aged 13, of whom 28 1 were smokers. Scientists found CYP2A6 gene and its variants in blood samples provided by smokers. After 30 months, scientists conducted a follow-up survey on them. Among 28/kloc-0 smokers, 30% of them became dependent on cigarettes. According to the survey data, people with altered CYP2A6 gene are three times as addicted to cigarettes as those with normal CYP2A6 gene. Scientists believe that the new findings help to explain why some young people will soon become addicted to cigarettes. Genetic changes will also make young people insensitive to the toxicity of nicotine, and the initial dizziness and nausea will soon be overcome.