Mulberry is sweet and juicy, and it is one of the fruits that people often eat. Mature mulberries are oily, sweet and sour, especially large, thick, purple and full of sugar.
Soak the cut lotus seeds in salt water for a period of time, and then stir-fry them with cucumber and carrot slices. It is not only good in color, shape and taste, but also crisp and delicious. It is a rare summer diet food.
Figs can purify the intestines, adsorb various harmful substances in the intestines, inhibit the rise of blood sugar and maintain normal cholesterol content. Eating figs regularly can promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria and quickly discharge toxic substances.
Papaya is rich in nutrition in melons and vegetables, and regular consumption is beneficial to enhance human disease resistance.
Apple is a low-calorie food, producing only 60 kilocalories per100g. The nutrients in apples are soluble and easily absorbed by the human body, so they are called "living water", which is beneficial to dissolve sulfur and make the skin smooth and tender.
The pulp of pitaya contains almost no fructose and sucrose, and the sugar is mainly glucose, which is easy to absorb and suitable for eating after exercise.
Passion fruit, big and beautiful flowers, juicy pulp, soaked in cold water with honey, especially delicious, fragrant and delicious. And it is especially good, belonging to the common potted fruit on the balcony.
Courtyard refers to the site around or around buildings (including pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions), which is generally called courtyards or courtyards. That is, all the ancillary sites and vegetation of a building.
China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, and China has a long history. The working people of China have created the splendid architectural civilization of China with their own blood, sweat and wisdom. The ancient buildings in China are the oldest and most complete architectural system in the world. From single building to courtyard combination, urban planning and garden layout are in a leading position in the history of world architecture; China's architecture uniquely embodies the architectural concept of "harmony between man and nature".
Architecture is the most magnificent material product created by ancient humans. It not only has the practical function of sheltering from the wind and rain and satisfying people's daily production and life, but also can express some reverence and belief, as well as the spiritual function of dividing social classes, so it occupies a more important position in China's traditional culture.
Although the Book of Changes was originally a divination book, it has preserved a large number of historical materials about China's ancient humanities and science and technology in the long-term circulation process, and is the source of China's traditional culture and ancient architecture. Although there are not many historical materials directly related to ancient architecture, Yi-ology is an ancient book theory in China, so these historical materials are of great value to the study of ancient architecture in China. With an exploratory attitude, this paper attempts to explore the influence of Yi-ology on traditional architecture in China.
Hexagrams and ancient architecture
Cohesion under the Book of Changes says: "The ancients were all kings of the Xi family. When they look up, they look at the sky When they look down, they look at the law and the land. They read articles about birds and animals and the suitability of land. They brought the bodies near and things far away, so they began to gossip in order to communicate the virtues of the gods and the feelings of all things. " Then the relationship between the thirteen hexagrams and everything in the world is discussed respectively. This is the famous theory of taking images and making devices in Zhouyi.
Yi Shu and Ancient Architecture
The "number" of quantity has different philosophical interpretations. From the easy number, the number of yarrow is used to explain the emergence and change of things. "I ching copula upload": "there are countless changes; Through its changes, it has become a text of heaven and earth; " There are a lot of them, so they are the image of the world. The number of images in Yi-ology has extremely rich philosophical connotations. As a tool and means of metaphor and symbol, it has been widely used and embodied in traditional architecture in China, especially in palace architecture. Among them, three (three poles) and nine (using nine) are the most prominent.
Harmony between Yin and Yang and China Architecture
Cohesion says: "One yin and one yang are the Tao"; "Under the Cohesion" says: "Yin and Yang combine virtue, while rigidity and softness combine". These are the main philosophical thoughts that run through Zhouyi. Looking at art with this simple dialectics, we should not only focus on the beauty of femininity and masculinity, but also make it harmonious and unified. Therefore, traditional art can only be regarded as a wonderful work if it contains both rigidity and flexibility. Everything in the world and its changes can be brought into the category of the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang, including the concept of composition and image characteristics in architecture, and it is no exception. Such as rigidity, lightness and darkness, concavity and convexity, softness and hardness. It can be regarded as just yang as soft as yin; Ming is yang and dark is yin; Convex for Yang, concave for Yin; Hard for yang, soft for yin and so on.
(1) plane layout
The architectural style of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties also paid attention to the masculine and magnificent performance. Their image pursues "elegance" and details pursue "wrong gold", which complement each other with formal architecture. They want to show a feminine and beautiful garden and also pursue a panoramic view. There are many towers and exotic flowers and birds in the garden. As described in the Great Fu of the Pre-Han Dynasty, the garden at this time is grand and all-encompassing, showing luxury and wealth as much as possible, without the poetic and lasting appeal of later gardens. Therefore, from the aesthetic concept of combining Yin and Yang, combining rigidity and softness, the architectural art at this time is naive, overexposed and a rough and material grasp of the outside world. With the development of history to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the turbulent social politics made a large number of literati consciously keep a distance from the real society, and talked about the rise of Xuanfeng, respecting Zhouyi and Laozi and Zhuangzi as San Xuan, which also injected new life into the more orthodox and boring art theory since the Han Dynasty, which was manifested in the rapid development of simple, elegant, quiet and natural rural gardens as a supplement to the high-rise buildings in Guangdian.
In layout design and environmental awareness, the ancient buildings in China show a strong concept of combining yin and yang. The famous phrase "How deep is the courtyard" by Feng Yansi, a poet in the Southern Tang Dynasty, is often used to describe the endless extension of traditional architecture in China. Courtyard generally refers to the space surrounded by front and rear buildings and corridors or walls on both sides. Here, the real building is the main yang, and the courtyard is the main yin. The "vestibule" and "backyard" formed by the combination of reality and reality are promoted in an orderly and continuous manner according to the central axis, which greatly enhances the artistic charm of the combination of yin and yang in traditional architecture. This may be the main reason why the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong and other buildings will leave a deep impression on thousands of tourists in Qian Qian. If we look at the main halls in these groups individually and in isolation, their basic shapes have not changed much, and they cannot reflect the colorful art of ancient buildings. However, once they are organically combined with corridors, gatehouses, pavilions and partitions. Their appeal will be multiplied, such as the "imperial court" mentioned many times in the Book of Changes, which illustrates this feature. Even in the Qin and Han dynasties, architecture mainly showed masculine beauty, and the combination of outdoor space was not completely ignored. For example, the Qin Epang Palace mentioned earlier is not a single building, but a huge building complex, consisting of temples, buildings, pavilions, and many overhead tunnels and roads. In its masculine beauty, it also reveals a touch of beauty. Tao Yuanming was honored as "the ancestor of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times" by Zhong Rong's poems, and praised the pastoral beauty from this famous pastoral poet's poems. It also reveals the changes of literati's pursuit of architectural style at that time. "There are more than ten acres of square houses, eight or nine thatched cottages, the back eaves of Yu Liu Yin, and Luo tang qian in Li Tao" ("Returning to the Pastoral Residence"), "The south window is proud, the city is easy to secure, and the garden day is interesting. Although the door is set, it is always closed "("Home "). This compact and simple architectural environment and leisurely living atmosphere condense the quiet, beautiful and subtle female beauty.
(2) Facade modeling
The facade modeling of China architecture pays great attention to the complementarity of Yin and Yang. On the harmony and change of Yin and Yang in composition and modeling, Ding Biao, a painting theorist in Qing Dynasty, said: "Everything in the world is nothing but Yin and Yang. As far as light is concerned, there are bright and sunny, dark and cloudy; As far as the house is concerned, it is external yang and internal yin; In terms of things, the yang is high and the yin is low; As far as Pei Lou is concerned, it is Yang and Yin. ..... Only yin has yang, and yang has yin, so the emptiness in the pen is empty and empty, and it is also rendered; When a real person sees a trace, it is really dyed. " Deficiency is the exterior of yang, but it is actually the interior of yin, so it depends on the reality. "
As far as the composition principle of building facade is concerned, it is also manifested in the above-mentioned high and low bumps, yin and yang changes and the combination of light and shade. The basic facade of a traditional building consists of three sections, with a pedestal or abutment at the bottom, a column eaves bucket arch in the middle and a large roof with national characteristics at the top. This image itself shows a regular change between reality and reality. The abutment is fixed as a sun, the column of the bucket arch is empty and exquisite, and the roof is covered with a sun. These three parts have their own changes of yin and yang. Although the abutment is solid, it is often made of light-colored stone such as white, blue and gray. If the abutment of an important building is high, it is often divided into several layers and surrounded by carefully carved arches (such as the Hall of Prayer for the New Year in the Temple of Heaven and the white marble abutment in the Hall of Supreme Harmony) to avoid its appearance being too solid and the sun being overcast. Although the pillars are relatively empty, they hold up the big roof tall and straight, and are often painted red. The bucket arch is also in the shape of a bucket arch and a beam, which makes it look empty and masculine in the shade. The most wonderful thing is the roof of an ancient building in China. Just as the main difference between orientals and westerners focuses on the head, the roof also reflects the different Shen Feng sentiment of Chinese and western architecture. Western buildings are round, with onion-shaped domes and triangular roofs, which protrude upward and have a strong sense of outward tension, while the roofs of China buildings are slightly bent upward, forming a very soft and beautiful concave curve. The corner of the house has also undergone special artistic treatment-exaggeratedly rolled out into a beautiful cornice. In this way, although the huge roof mainly shows masculine beauty, its non-geometric shape has the characteristics of adduction, flying, lightness and jumping, and achieves the harmonious unity of taking yin for yang and combining reality with reality.