Keywords: ecological park; Design points; Precautions;
1 Basic points of urban ecological garden design
1. 1 Micro-green space design for increasing green quantity
Based on the new era background, urban gardens need to pursue ecology and humanity to meet the requirements of the new society. In essence, ecological gardens are naturally produced under such circumstances. But in fact, the planning and construction of urban green space has not been deeply analyzed from the system and ecological level, but focused on the beautification and decoration of urban landscape by greening, and blindly emphasized the visual landscape. For example, some cities have built a large area of green lawns and built green belts of various shapes around urban roads. Although this type of green space can protect the ecological environment to a certain extent and further strengthen the carrying capacity of the natural environment, the overall effect is not outstanding, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of green space [1]. Ecological garden design should pursue the balance point of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, pay attention to social development and enjoyment of ecological environment, strive for harmonious development and progress of urban ecology, scientifically increase green quantity, realize urban supporting construction and benefit mankind.
1.2 Focus on the minority according to local conditions.
Niche essentially refers to the function of species in the ecosystem and its position in time and space, which intuitively and effectively reflects the specific relationship between different species, species and environment. From the perspective of urban gardens and green spaces, we should attach great importance to the niche characteristics of species and the scientific collocation of plant species, prevent fierce competition among species, create a diversified community structure with scientific structure, perfect functions and stable population structure, and complement each other with the help of different species, which can not only make full use of environmental resources, but also create colorful landscapes. According to the conditions of regional environment and the realistic requirements of residents, we should create diversified plant communities and plant some drought-resistant tree species as much as possible to beautify the mountain scenery; Waterfront greening should plant water-resistant plants and pursue coordination with waterscape; Plants that can reduce pollution should be planted in places with serious pollution such as factories; For hospitals, nursing homes and other areas, plants that can sterilize or have health care functions should be planted; Regarding street greening, try to plant some leafy and smoke-resistant plants [2].
1.3 Pay attention to biodiversity
According to the basic principles of ecology, in order to realize the healthy and sustainable development of urban ecological gardens, it is necessary to ensure biodiversity. In essence, species diversity is the premise of realizing community diversity, which can further deepen the ornamental effect of the community, effectively improve the stress resistance of the community, prevent the invasion of pests and effectively ensure the stability of the community.
2 with the help of a dynamic point of view to guide the design
Green space system is a dynamic system with certain evolution and renewal characteristics. The green space designed by human beings only imitates the natural green space, so it can last only if it conforms to the laws of nature, otherwise it will only be a flash in the pan [3]. In this respect, urban ecological garden design must conform to the trend, otherwise it will be eliminated by the laws of nature.
3. Problems that should be paid attention to in urban ecological garden design
2. 1 planning level, scientific and rational planning of urban green space system.
From the analysis of ecological garden green space system, planning is mainly divided into garden green space system planning, zoning planning and special planning. Regarding the design of urban ecological gardens, we should pursue the ecological quantity and the resilience of the green space system itself, realize the harmony between man and nature, and grasp the balance point; Meet the urban environmental conditions and the actual needs of natural communities; It conforms to the characteristics of natural evolution and renewal of green space. In terms of layout and structure, urban green space system should pursue the coordination with natural landforms, rivers and lakes, the relationship with urban functional zoning, pay attention to the overall ecological environment of the city, and carry out scientific layout [4]. Urban green space should not only surround the city, but also harmoniously introduce nature into the city to strengthen the ecological balance of the city. From the perspective of the implementation and management of urban green space system, the results of planning must be consistent with the overall planning of urban development, and the competent department of urban planning and greening should effectively implement and manage it. In fact, there is a need for effective coordination between urban planning and greening authorities. The two sides should comprehensively analyze and optimize the action plan in time, and finally determine a scientific, feasible and reasonable action plan. Therefore, both sides must finish it carefully. In recent years, some cities have built a large area of green space by combining suburbs with forest gardens, and entered the stage of ecological garden construction, which will also become the mainstream trend of sustainable development of urban ecological gardens.
2.2 Greening level, expanding greening as much as possible.
Green quantity is an important prerequisite to realize the ecological function of urban green space. In essence, green quantity can be interpreted as two meanings, one is the large area of plane; The second is the multi-layer structure of the facade, which needs to effectively improve the green quantity from the perspective of plane and facade. As for plant landscaping, a multi-layer community structure of "tree+shrub+grassland" should be constructed to effectively increase the green amount of leaf area. On the basis of respecting plant ecology, plants with great photosynthetic effect should be planted to enhance the greening and photosynthetic function of gardens, create a comfortable microclimate environment and promote the harmony between urban residents and the environment. At the same time, for functional areas and polluted areas, anti-pollution plants should be planted as much as possible to increase the area of green space, with the help of plants to absorb polluted gases, purify the environment and pursue ecological balance. In addition, we should give full play to other ecological functions of plant landscape, such as plant bacteriostasis, oxygen release and health care substances, which are beneficial to the health of residents. For the special environment, it can create a healthy ecological plant landscape, optimize and improve the living environment, and promote physical and mental health.
2.3 Cultural level, highlighting local characteristics
The Chinese nation has a history of thousands of years of civilization and has created many intangible cultural heritages. According to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, there are as many as 500 intangible cultural heritages, and folk art, music and dance, folk custom and drama are all indispensable elements in ecological garden design. Based on this, we should scientifically and effectively integrate the elements of intangible cultural heritage and highlight local characteristics according to the actual situation.
2.4 level of detail, carefully designed.
As the saying goes, details determine success or failure. After the specific scheme of the design of the ecological park is determined, all the details need to be scrutinized, and the deficiencies should be corrected and optimized in time after multi-party analysis and discussion, thus effectively ensuring the scientificity, rationality and feasibility of the design scheme of the ecological park. Urban ecological park belongs to "compulsory art", visitors can comment freely, everyone has different tastes, and the ecological park must stand scrutiny. Beautiful scenery is usually "casual", while details are "eloquent". Therefore, designers and construction technicians must pay attention to their own foundation, and their ingenuity is also presented through details.
label
Based on the new era background, with the improvement of people's quality of life, new requirements and goals are put forward for the urban environment. As a livelihood project, the fundamental purpose of urban ecological park is to optimize the urban environment, create a comfortable living environment for the masses, and let the masses enjoy their lives in a green, ecological and healthy environment. Therefore, the design of urban ecological gardens requires designers to effectively grasp the design points and attach great importance to design considerations, so as to realize the real ecological garden construction and the harmonious development between man and nature.
refer to
[1] Wang Yufeng, Wang Chunxia and other key points of landscape architecture design [J]. Friends of Farmers Getting Rich 20 15(7)
[2] Zhang Xinjia, Song Xiang and others. Study on urban brownfield landscape transformation based on the trinity of "ecology, landscape and culture" —— Taking Changchun tractor factory as an example [J]. Urban development research, 20 18(8)
[3] Chen Yanze. Theory and practice of comprehensive popularization of suitable land and suitable trees in landscape construction —— Taking Xiamen urban green space construction as an example [J]. Fujian Architecture, 20 18(8)
[4] Chang Hong. Key points of landscape structure design and engineering application [J]. Management and technology of small and medium-sized enterprises (next issue), 20 18(9)
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