Occupational hazards are the cause of occupational diseases. In 20 15, the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the State Administration of Work Safety, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions revised the Catalogue of Occupational Hazards, and classified the main occupational hazards into six categories:
1. Dust: including silica dust, coal dust (coal silica dust), graphite dust, welding fume and other dusts.
2. Chemical factors: including lead, mercury, manganese, cadmium, phosphorus, arsenic and their compounds; And carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chlorine, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.
3. Physical factors: including high temperature, high pressure, low pressure, local vibration and noise hazards.
4. Radioactive factors: including ultraviolet rays, radioactive substances and infrared rays.
5. Biological factors: including anthrax, forest encephalitis and brucellosis.
6. Other factors: including zinc oxide, toluene diisocyanate and thermophilic actinomycetes.
Extended data
Reasons for danger:
Although all dangerous and harmful factors have different manifestations, in essence, they can cause dangerous and harmful consequences (casualties, personal health damage and damage to articles, etc.). ), which can be attributed to the comprehensive action of energy, harmful substances and energy, and the loss of control of harmful substances, leading to the accidental release of energy or the leakage and diffusion of harmful substances.
1, energy harmful substances
Energy and harmful substances are the root causes and the most fundamental dangerous and harmful factors. Generally speaking, the more energy the system has, the more harmful substances exist, and the greater the potential danger and harmfulness of the system.
On the other hand, as long as production activities are carried out, corresponding energy and substances (including harmful substances) are needed, so the dangers and harmful factors are objective and cannot be completely eliminated.
Step 2 get out of control
In production, people make energy and substances (including harmful substances) flow and transform in the system according to people's wishes through technology and process equipment for production; At the same time, we must restrain and control these energy and harmful substances, eliminate and weaken the conditions that produce adverse consequences, so that they cannot produce dangerous and harmful consequences.
If out of control occurs: (no control or shielding measures or control and shielding measures fail), unexpected release and leakage of energy and harmful substances will occur, resulting in personal injury and property loss.
Therefore, out-of-control is also a dangerous and harmful factor, which is mainly reflected in three aspects: equipment failure (or defect), personnel error and management defect, which are interactive; Most of them are random phenomena and states, and it is difficult to predict when, where and how they will appear, which is the main factor that determines the conditions and possibilities of danger and harm.
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