1, healthy
Health includes both physical and psychological aspects, and it is a state of perfect body and mind and good adaptability. Early childhood is an extremely rapid period of children's physical and functional development, and it is also an important stage to form a sense of security and optimism. A well-developed body, happy mood, strong physique, coordinated movements, good living habits and basic living ability are important signs of children's physical and mental health, and are also the basis for learning and development in other fields.
Children's physical and mental development is not yet mature, and they need careful care and care from adults, but they should not be overprotected and arranged instead, so as not to deprive children of the opportunity to learn independently, develop the bad habit of excessive dependence, and affect their initiative and independent development.
2. Language
Language is a tool for communication and thinking. Early childhood is an important period of language development, especially oral development. The development of children's language runs through all fields of physical and mental development and has a vital impact on the development of other fields. While using language to communicate, children are also developing their interpersonal skills, judging communicative situations and organizing their own thoughts. And get information through language, and gradually make learning go beyond the direct perception of individuals.
Children's language learning needs the support of corresponding social experience, and children's interest in words should be cultivated in life situations and reading activities. Early reading through mechanical memory and intensive training is not in line with children's learning characteristics and acceptance.
3. Society
The process of learning and development in children's social field is the process of improving children's sociality and laying a sound personality foundation, which mainly includes interpersonal communication and social adaptation. Childhood is a critical period of social development, and good interpersonal relationship and social adaptability have an important impact on children's physical and mental health development and the play of knowledge, ability and wisdom. In the process of interacting with adults and peers, children not only learn how to get along with others, but also learn how to treat themselves and others, and constantly develop their ability to adapt to social life.
Children's sociality is developed through observation and imitation learning in daily life and games. Adults should pay attention to the subtle influence of their words and deeds on children.
4. Science
Children's scientific learning is a process in which children discover and understand the essence of things and the relationship between things in the process of solving practical problems, which mainly includes scientific inquiry and mathematical cognition. In the process of using mathematics to scientifically explore natural things and solve real life problems, children not only gain rich perceptual experience and fully develop thinking in images, but also try to classify, sort out, summarize and abstract specific things, gradually develop logical thinking ability and lay a foundation for further learning in other fields.
The development of children's thinking is mainly based on concrete image thinking. Children should be guided to learn scientifically through direct perception, personal experience and practical operation, rather than instilling and strengthening in pursuit of knowledge mastery.
5. Art
Art is an important form for human beings to feel, express and create beauty, and it is also a unique way for human beings to express their understanding and emotional attitude towards the surrounding world. Every child has a beautiful seed in his heart. The key to learning in children's art field is to fully create conditions and opportunities, germinate children's feelings and experiences of beauty in nature and social and cultural life, enrich children's imagination and creativity, guide children to learn to feel and discover beauty with their heart, and express and create beauty in their own way.
Children feel and understand things differently from adults, and express their knowledge and feelings in different ways. Young children's tender brushstrokes, movements and language often contain rich imagination and emotion. Adults should fully understand and respect their unique artistic expression, don't judge them by their own aesthetic standards, and don't train them in the same way in pursuit of the "perfection" of the results, so as not to stifle their imagination and the seeds of creation.
Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-a guide to learning and development for children aged 3-6.