China Statistical Information Network 10:34:00
Health is the basis of quality of life, and it is becoming an important symbol of social development and progress. Since the reform and opening up, especially in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, Jiangsu has made great progress in economy and society, further improved people's material and cultural living standards, and significantly improved the health level of the population.
First, the basic situation of Jiangsu population health
(1) The average life expectancy in the whole province is 74. 13 years old.
According to the data of the fifth national census in 2000, the average life expectancy in Jiangsu Province has reached 74. 13 years, which is 2.5 1 year higher than the 7 1.62 years in 1990. The life expectancy of male population is 7 1.88 years, an increase of 2.46 years, and that of female population is 76.47 years, an increase of 2.65 years; The life expectancy of urban population is 75.54 years, and that of rural population is 72.48 years, both higher than 1.990.
(2) Self-rated health of residents in the province is generally good.
The population sampling survey in 2005 showed that 97.0% of the population was in good health and basically healthy. Among them, physical health accounts for 92.0%; Only 2.7% people can't work normally or take care of themselves. The self-assessment of health status shows that 97.5% of the male population is healthy and basically healthy, of which 93.2% are healthy; 96.5% of the female population is healthy and basically healthy, and 90.8% of them are healthy. The male population is higher than the female population by 1 percentage point and 2.4 percentage points respectively.
(3) There are differences in the self-evaluation of health between urban and rural residents.
The survey results show that the differences between urban and rural areas, including income level, medical conditions and security system, are ultimately reflected in the health level of the population. Among the people surveyed, 97.9% of the urban population is in good health and basically healthy, which is 2. 1 percentage point higher than that of the rural population. Among them, 93.7% of the urban population is healthy, which is 3.9 percentage points higher than that in rural areas. In order to further prove the existence of this difference, we compared the situation in cities and towns. The results also show the influence of this difference on people's health level. 98.3% of the urban population is healthy and basically healthy, of which 94.3% are healthy. It is higher than the town 1. 1 percentage point and 1.7 percentage point respectively. See table 1.
Table 1 Population health status by city, town and township
Unit:%
total
city
cities and towns
village
Health and basic health
97.0
98.3
97.2
95.8
# Good health
92.0
94.3
92.6
89.8
Basic health
5.0
4.0
4.6
6.0
Life can not take care of themselves
2.7
1.5
2.5
3.8
As can be seen from the above table, the health status of the population is highly correlated with the regional distribution of urban and rural areas. The proportion of healthy population is arranged from high to low according to the order of city, town and township, and the proportion of people who are basically healthy and can't take care of themselves is arranged from low to high according to the order of city, town and township.
(d) Residents in relatively developed areas have a high opinion of their health.
Through the population survey, it is found that people's health is closely related to the level of economic development. The survey results in different regions show that the more developed the economy, the higher the people's income level, the relatively sound urban and rural social security system, the better the medical conditions and the higher the population's health level. The survey shows that the healthy population in Suzhou accounts for 94.9% of the total population, ranking first in 13 provincial cities. Wuxi is 93.7%, ranking second; Changzhou is 93.4%, ranking third. The proportion of healthy population in the total population ranks last in Suqian (89.7%), and the highest in Suzhou is 5.2 percentage points higher than the lowest in Suqian.
(e) The health status of the elderly population needs urgent attention.
According to the international standard of population age type, the population aged 60 and above accounts for more than 10% of the total population, or the population aged 65 and above accounts for more than 7% of the total population, which belongs to the elderly society. According to the data of population sampling survey in 2005, the number of elderly people aged 65 and above in Jiangsu Province is 8 1 17300, accounting for 10.86% of the total population, which indicates that Jiangsu Province has entered the ranks of aging society. The health of the elderly has become an important social problem. The survey shows that 84.7% of people aged 60 and above are in good health and basically healthy, among which 6 1. 1% are in good health; 14% can't work normally or take care of themselves. Among the elderly people of different ages, the proportion of people who can't work normally or take care of themselves is 5.6% for 60-69 years old, 18.3% for 70-79 years old, 38. 1% for 80-89 years old, and 54.2% for 90 years old and above. It can be seen that with the growth of age, the self-evaluation of health status of the elderly is getting lower and lower, and they are healthy and basically healthy. The society needs to pay more attention, improve the medical service network system and solve the problem of providing for the aged. See Table 2 for information.
Table 2 Health status of the elderly population by age
Unit of calculation:%
Age difference
Health and basic health
proportion
These include: good health.
Life can not take care of themselves
proportion
Total age of 60 years and above
84.7
6 1. 1
14.0
60-64 years old
95.5
82.4
4.0
65-69 years old
9 1.5
70.7
7.6
70-74 years old
83.6
53.4
15.0
75-79 years old
75. 1
4 1. 1
23. 1
80-84 years old
60.9
27.9
36.2
85-89 years old
53.4
23.0
43. 1
90-94 years old
38.9
18.7
54.2
Over 95 years old
39.7
14.3
55.6
Second, the factors affecting the health of the population.
There are many factors that affect people's life and health. With the continuous progress and development of human society, people's health has gradually shifted from relying mainly on the natural environment to relying more on socio-economic factors, such as economic development level, medical and health conditions, social security system, income distribution system and living environment.
The level of economic development is the decisive factor affecting the health of the population.
Economic development is the basis for promoting the development of various social undertakings. Only with sustained and rapid economic development, social security and medical and health undertakings can develop, the income of urban and rural people can increase, and people's material and cultural living standards can be improved. From the above analysis, we can also see that people's health level is closely related to the economic development level of the same region. Changzhou, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province is the leader of the province's economic development, and the population health level is also in the leading position in the province, while the economic development level in central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu is relatively backward, and the population health level is correspondingly backward.
(2) The development of medical and health services is a necessary condition to ensure the health of the population.
The development of medical and health undertakings, the improvement of medical and health conditions and the improvement of medical technology have fundamentally improved the ability of urban and rural residents to resist the harm of diseases and effectively ensured the improvement of the health level of the population. In recent years, the number of medical institutions, health technicians, beds, doctors per 10,000 people and beds per 10,000 people has been increasing. By 2005, the number of medical institutions in the province was 15007, covering all cities and villages in the province; The number of medical practitioners per 10,000 people reached 14.5, an increase of 0.2 compared with 2002 (since 2002, the number of medical practitioners per 10,000 people has changed to the number of medical practitioners); There are 25.6 beds per 10,000 people, an increase of 3.3 beds over 2000. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the average annual incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in the province was 1.56‰, which was 17% lower than that in the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, making it one of the five provinces (cities) with the lowest incidence rate in China.
(3) A sound social security system is an effective means to improve the health level of the population.
Social security is the basis of stabilizing people's livelihood and maintaining social stability. In the critical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, establishing and perfecting the national social security system is an important means to enable all citizens to fully enjoy the fruits of reform and opening up and safeguard the people's most basic rights. Since the full implementation of the social security system in Jiangsu, a multi-category and multi-level social security system with five social insurances, namely, pension, medical care, unemployment, work injury and maternity, has been initially formed. According to the principle of "low level and wide coverage", the main types of insurance gradually cover employees of non-public economic organizations and migrant farmers. The participation rate continues to expand and the amount of funds raised increases. The total number of people participating in pension and medical insurance and the number of new people are in the forefront of the country. In particular, the implementation of rural old-age insurance and rural new cooperative medical insurance system has gradually benefited farmers, thus promoting the improvement of the health quality of the population in the province.
These are only the main factors that affect the health level of the population. Others, such as income distribution system, human living environment, food hygiene habits and public health prevention and control system, have an impact on the health quality of the population.
Three, some ideas about improving the health level of the population
Human health is one of the basic goals of social development. Paying attention to human health, perfecting the medical service system, perfecting the social security system and improving the health quality of the population are the important contents of building a harmonious society and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development.
(1) Accelerate the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and improve people's living standards.
We should always adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development, firmly establish the people-oriented ideology, continue to take development as the top priority, and accelerate the process of "two firsts". Coordinate the coordinated development of economy and society, the coordinated development of north and south regions, and the coordinated development of urban and rural regions, and always regard improving the income level of urban and rural residents and people's material and cultural living standards as the fundamental purpose of "two firsts" to lay a solid material foundation for improving the health quality of the whole people.
The health level of the population depends largely on the living standard, which in turn depends on the income level. In the current process of income distribution system reform, it is the proper meaning of building a harmonious society to focus on narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, the gap between north and south, the income distribution gap between different groups, improving the income level of low-income people, expanding the proportion of middle-income people, and establishing a relatively fair social income distribution system.
(two) improve the social security system, improve the ability of urban and rural residents to resist risks.
The current social security system in China is fundamentally imperfect. First, regional division restricts the free flow of talents and the transfer of rural labor force; Second, the urban-rural division system, social security is limited to urban units and employees, and rural residents' social security is not perfect. Although Jiangsu has implemented rural endowment insurance and new rural cooperative medical system, it is still far from real social security. Third, the coverage rate is low, and the actual participation rate is not high due to various factors. According to the sampling survey at the end of 2005, only 36.3% of all employed people participated in the old-age insurance, while only 65,438+08% participated in the medical insurance and 65,438+00.5% participated in the unemployment insurance. For the urban low-income poor population, especially the rural poor population, the ability to resist risks is extremely low, and the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness is very common.
To improve the social security system, the most important thing is to break the urban-rural division system, establish and improve the primary social fair security system, bring rural residents into the scope of social security, and improve the ability of rural residents and urban poor residents to resist risks, which is in line with the spirit of "paying more attention to social development, people's livelihood and harmony between man and nature" put forward by the central government.
(3) Strengthen the construction of medical and health service network and improve rural medical and health conditions.
Relatively speaking, the medical and health conditions, medical and health service network and medical and health technology in rural areas are quite different from those in cities. Therefore, rural health work should be placed in an important position. First, speed up the construction of the new rural cooperative medical system and solve the problem of farmers' "poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness"; Second, it is necessary to increase investment in rural health, speed up the construction of rural health infrastructure, improve rural health service conditions, reduce the burden of medical expenses for farmers, and improve their health level. At the same time, strengthen the construction of rural disease prevention and control network and strengthen prevention and control work; Third, strengthen the construction of rural health technical personnel; Fourth, we should pay full attention to rural drinking water safety.
(Source: Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Statistics)