Xinhua News Agency reporters Heng Li and Gu Tiancheng
A coal miner in Shizuishan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was hospitalized several times for pneumoconiosis. He needs to use a ventilator and inject human albumin and fat emulsion to relieve his illness. According to the survey, by the end of 20021,there were 9 1.5 million occupational pneumoconiosis patients like this coal miner in China.
Occupational health is related to the health of hundreds of millions of workers. Implement occupational health protection actions and strengthen the monitoring of key occupational diseases ... China speeds up the prevention and control of occupational diseases to ensure the health of workers.
Pneumoconiosis, radiation-induced diseases ... What do you know about occupational diseases?
At present, pneumoconiosis ranks first among the newly reported cases of occupational diseases in China every year. Li Tao, chief occupational health expert of China CDC, said that due to the long incubation period of pneumoconiosis, the average time from the beginning of dust exposure to the discovery of health damage is as long as 10 to 20 years.
Occupational pneumoconiosis, occupational eye diseases, radiation diseases ... According to the relevant laws and regulations in China, occupational diseases are divided into 10 categories, 132 categories, and pneumoconiosis is only one of them.
Article 2 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases stipulates that "the occupational diseases mentioned in this Law refer to diseases caused by workers of enterprises, institutions, individual economic organizations and other employers who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors in their professional activities."
"The scope of occupational diseases in law is smaller than that in life." Professor Wu, deputy dean of Wuhan University Law School, said that the occupational diseases prescribed by law are obviously more serious. Establish occupational health awareness, appropriately expand the scope of occupational diseases, and increase the protection of workers' rights and interests.
With some new substances, new materials, new processes and new formats entering people's lives, occupational health is also facing new problems. "These new phenomena in work and life may bring new health problems, some of which are unknown and need constant risk assessment." Li Tao said that at present, China is in the overlapping period of old and new occupational diseases, and it is necessary to do a good job in monitoring occupational diseases in key industries and key populations.
Pass the ball forward! The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases should focus on prevention.
The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases is related to the well-being of workers. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the working-age population aged 16-59 in China is 880 million. Wu introduced that the Occupational Disease Prevention Law has completely established a three-level occupational disease prevention system with China characteristics, including improving the prevention system, building a labor production health system and building a legal protection system for occupational disease patients.
Taking pneumoconiosis as an example, National Health Commission released the latest information. From 20 12 to 202 1, the number of newly reported cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in China decreased by 5 1.2%, and the high incidence of key occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis in China was initially contained.
"There is a knowledge in the medical field that pneumoconiosis can only be prevented and cannot be cured." Fan, director of the Occupational Health Center of the National Health and Wellness Committee, said that through treatment and rehabilitation, the condition of pneumoconiosis patients can be slowed down and the quality of life of patients can be improved.
In recent years, China has carried out special treatment of dust and toxic hazards in key industries, guided enterprises to eliminate backward technologies and improved protective facilities. Among them, the regular detection rate of dust concentration of employers in coal mines, non-coal mines, metallurgy, building materials and other industries with high incidence of pneumoconiosis, and the occupational health examination rate of workers exposed to dust during their posts have reached more than 95%.
"The special treatment of occupational hazards is the fundamental measure to prevent and control the occurrence of occupational diseases from the source." Wu Zongzhi, director of the Occupational Health Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, enterprises will be urged to focus on over-standard jobs, implement engineering protection measures, intensify the renovation of equipment and facilities, and explore occupational health custody services.
Take more measures! Zhimi occupational disease treatment protection network
According to the deputy chief physician of the Occupational Diseases Department of Peking University Third Hospital, about 90% of the more than 50 patients are treated every day. "The vast majority of pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed and treated have work-related injury insurance, and some are also included in the minimum living security."
In recent years, the treatment and protection of occupational diseases including pneumoconiosis have attracted much attention. The National Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan (202 1-2025) points out that workers in key industries with serious occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis should be included in the scope of industrial injury insurance according to law, and the families of eligible occupational disease patients should be included in the minimum living guarantee in time.
The Health China Action Opinion points out that the legal standard system for occupational disease prevention and control should be improved, and occupational disease protection such as pneumoconiosis should be strengthened.