(1) lifestyle assessment questionnaire;
(2) Physical examination and preventive screening.
Health risk identification steps:
1. Steps: physical examination, information collection, health assessment, health risk intervention and health promotion.
Methods: Single factor weighting method and multi-factor model method.
General principles of health risk assessment
Health risk assessment (HRA) definition:
It is an analysis method or tool, because it describes and estimates the possibility of a specific disease that may occur in the future or the possibility of death due to a certain disease. It is a quantitative estimate of an individual's health status and future risk of illness or death. If the purpose of health risk assessment is expressed in one sentence, it is to turn health data into health information.
The purpose of this analysis is to estimate the possibility of a specific event, not to make a definite diagnosis.
The difference between information and data:
Information is a form of processed data, which can be used to assist decision-making or support other actions.
Research purposes of health risk assessment:
(1) Study people who look healthy and have no disease symptoms;
(2) Study how to identify the hazards that lead to risks;
(3) Study how to eliminate or control these pathogenic factors, so as to prevent or delay the occurrence of diseases.
Basic principles of health risk assessment;
Questionnaire, risk calculation and evaluation report.
Questionnaire survey:
① Physiological and biochemical data, such as height, weight, blood pressure and blood lipid.
② Lifestyle data: such as smoking, diet and exercise habits;
③ Personal or family health history;
④ Other risk factors;
⑤ Information about attitude and knowledge.
Risk calculation:
Single factor weighting method and multivariate model method (pre-exposure factors refer to lifestyle risk factors (such as smoking), clinical test values (such as cholesterol) and genetic factors (such as family history of breast cancer).
Relative risk: reflects the increase or decrease of the risk of the general population. The risk of the general population is calculated according to the age and gender mortality of the population. If the relative risk of the general population is set to 1, then other relative risks are greater than 1 or less than 1. Relative risk reflects the increase or decrease of risk relative to the general population. The risk of the general population is calculated according to the age, sex and mortality/morbidity of the population.
Absolute risk: the evaluation method according to the disease type is generally expressed by incidence, that is, the possibility of suffering from a certain disease in the next few years.
Evaluation report:
Personal reports generally include health risk assessment results and health education information.
The population report includes an overview of the demographic characteristics of the assessed population, a summary of health risk factors and suggested intervention measures and methods.
The workflow of health risk assessment is as follows
1, working conditions:
(1) risk assessment form, software or website;
(2) Computer: the basic configuration and input of software programs;
(3) Weight meter, sphygmomanometer, physical examination equipment and routine biochemical experiment inspection equipment;
2. Contents and methods:
(1) Personal health information management;
(2) personal disease risk assessment;
(3) personal health guidance.
Step 3:
(1) Collect personal health information and conduct relevant physical examinations;
(2) information entry and report printing;
(3) Follow-up guidance; Explain the contents of the report.
(4) Follow-up (re-evaluation):
For high-risk customers, the follow-up time is generally every 3 months 1 time;
The follow-up time of moderately dangerous customers is 6 months 1 time;
The follow-up time of low-risk customers is one year 1 time.
[During the follow-up, the client should fill in the Personal Health and Lifestyle Information Record Form again, or use the Personal Health Management Diary as the information source; Get the same report set and compare them with the final result]
(5) Effect evaluation and evaluation:
On the personal side, including the understanding of personal health risk information;
Participate in personal health improvement knowledge and behavior change;
Control of risk factors;
And the control rate and effective rate of different diseases.
For health managers and service doctors, the assessment includes workload (number of managers, work records, etc.). ); Participants' satisfaction with the service (questionnaire survey), etc.