Myopia is a kind of ametropia. That is, distant objects cannot converge on the retina, thus causing visual distortion and blurring distant objects.
First, the causes of myopia
The cause of myopia is not very clear, and it is generally believed that myopia is caused by many factors. There are mainly genetic factors, environmental factors and individual nutritional factors.
1. Genetic factors
Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of myopia. Some people have done a lot of household statistics, also called household surveys. The proportion of children with myopia is significantly higher than that of other families. If one parent is nearsighted, the child's myopia rate is in the middle. Children whose parents are not nearsighted have the lowest incidence.
On the other hand, myopia is not entirely determined by heredity. Myopic parents are not all myopic children. If there is a genetic factor of myopia, it will not be displayed or displayed, and myopia will not develop at this time. There are also some congenital myopia, often with higher degrees. Fortunately, only a very small number of myopia. This kind of myopia has a family history and is determined by genes.
2. Environmental factors
The occurrence and development of myopia is closely related to the close use of eyes. Teenagers' eyeballs are in the stage of growth and development, with strong adjustment ability and relatively malleable eyeball walls. When reading, writing and other close work, it is necessary not only to play the adjustment function of the eyes, but also to have cohesion, so that the extraocular muscles exert certain pressure on the eyeball. Over time, the anterior and posterior axes of the eyeball may become longer. 1mm myopia will reach -3.00 diopters (that is, 300 degrees in general) every time it is increased. Of course, most of this myopia is simple myopia, and the general degree is relatively low, all of which are below 6 diopters. The onset is mostly around puberty, and the progress is relatively slow. Some people call this kind of myopia true myopia to distinguish it from pseudomyopia.
3. Nutritional factors
The lack of certain or some important nutrients in the process of eye growth and development makes the eyeball tissue more fragile. Under the influence of environmental factors, the sclera of the eyeball wall is easy to expand, thus lengthening the anterior and posterior axis of the eye and causing myopia. Most nearsighted children have the habit of eating snacks, picky eaters and partial eclipse. They eat mostly flour and rice and fast food, lacking nutrition or being more damaged. At the same time, their diet lacks high-quality protein food, such as milk, eggs, milk, fish, meat, chicken and coarse grains. The fewer kinds of food, the greater the total amount, the higher the incidence of myopia and the higher the degree of myopia.
Second, the protection of myopia
We know the cause of myopia. Genetic factors cannot be changed, but environmental factors and nutritional factors can be changed. So first of all, we should change the incorrect way of using eyes mentioned above and develop good eye habits. The second is to balance our diet nutrition.
In order to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia, the food selected by dietotherapy is mainly to supplement the necessary nutrients of ciliary muscle and sclera in the eye, enhance the muscle strength of ciliary muscle and help it restore its inherent function; Strengthen the toughness of sclera, enhance its resistance to the outside world and prevent it from expanding.
Myopia can supplement the following nutrients:
1. protein: As far as the sclera is concerned, it can become the tough shell of the eyeball because it contains many essential amino acids and forms a very strong fibrous tissue. Although the sclera has some toughness, its diameter is still weak in the front and back of the axis. Animal foods such as meat, fish, eggs and milk are not only rich in protein, but also contain all essential amino acids.
2. Calcium: Calcium is the main component of bones and sclera. High calcium content plays an important role in strengthening the toughness of sclera. Animal bones such as cattle bones, pig bones and sheep bones in food are rich in calcium, which is easily absorbed and utilized by human body. Others, such as milk, bean products, dried shrimps, dried shrimps, eggs, rape, Chinese cabbage, peanuts and jujube, also contain more calcium.
3. Zinc: Myopia patients generally lack chromium and zinc. Myopia patients should eat more foods with high zinc content. Foods such as soybean, almond, laver, kelp, mutton, yellow croaker, milk powder, tea, meat, beef, liver and so on contain more zinc and chromium, which can be increased appropriately.
4. Vitamins: Vitamins are essential nutrients for the human body. Although the human body has little demand for them, they play an extremely important role in human material and energy metabolism. When treating myopia with dietotherapy, vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and vitamin E should be supplemented appropriately. Foods rich in vitamins include eggs, milk, meat, fish, liver and fresh fruits and vegetables.
5. Foods for nourishing liver and kidney These foods mainly include medlar, walnut, peanut, jujube, longan, honey, shrimp, fish, meat and eggs.
Health guide
Ten minutes eye exercises
1. Close your eyes and relax.
Close your eyes quietly for a while, gently cover your eyes with two palms, support your elbows on the edge of the table, and try to relax your muscles. After 30 seconds, blink several times, 3 ~ 5 times a day.
Neglect massage
Every morning, in the fresh air, close your eyes, turn your eyes from right to left, then turn them from left to right five times, then suddenly open your eyes and look into the distance; Standing or sitting, look left, right, upper right corner, upper left corner, lower right corner and lower left corner in turn, and repeat for 5 times; Massage the middle finger of both hands from the depression of the inner corner of the eye on both sides of the bridge of the nose.
Smoke your eyes in a hot bath.
Don't use your eyes too much, don't watch TV, books and newspapers for a long time, and avoid reading in the dark or sunshine to avoid damaging your eyesight. When eyes are tired, you can smoke and wash your eyes with hot towels to prevent eye diseases and eliminate eye muscle fatigue.
Massage and iron your eyes
Rub the palm quickly and then press it on the eyes, which can improve the blood circulation of the eyes and eliminate the fatigue of the eyes. Proper massage of the eyes and the surrounding acupoints and regular eye exercises can prevent the eyesight from declining. However, massage should not be excessive, so as not to cause increased intraocular pressure or fundus bleeding.
5. Choose food and raise your eyes.
Pay attention to the choice and collocation of diet, and eat more foods rich in vitamins and trace elements, such as fish, beans, all kinds of fresh vegetables, fruits, oysters, mussels, lean pork, chicken, turtles, eggs, edible fungi and so on. Oral administration of some traditional Chinese medicines, such as Lycium barbarum, Ligustrum lucidum, Ophiopogon japonicus and cod liver oil pills, can also improve eyesight.