The United States advocates a new educational concept of androgyny. Parents should care more about their children after work. The problem shows that there is still room for improvement in children's growth. Early childhood is a critical moment to cultivate various abilities, and education is a long process. Now sharing new educational ideas, the United States advocates "androgyny."
The new educational concept "androgyny" 1 "androgyny education" advocated by the United States is a new family education concept, which has been very popular in the United States recently. "Androgyny" education refers to the guidance according to children's congenital gender, so that children can identify with their own gender, learn some characteristics of the opposite sex and benefit from it.
It is found that mutual learning between men and women can help men and women get rid of the shackles of traditional culture on gender, and parents in China can also try "androgynous education".
Different from neutralization, androgyny is an ideal gender model, which combines the gender advantages of men and women. However, many parents did not grasp the degree and went too far.
Boys are becoming more and more "sissy" and masculinity is drifting away; Girls are becoming more and more tomboys, and the gentleness unique to women is getting less and less. It is not advisable to learn to walk in Handan. Here, I would like to introduce the advice of American experts to parents.
Provide opportunities
Let children play together more, and children's nature will let them imitate learning through contact.
Not reluctantly
Education cannot be forced, and children's opinions should be respected. If the child feels reluctant, parents should let nature take its course, otherwise the child will develop in the opposite direction.
Learn to encourage
Children sometimes feel shy in the process of getting along, and parents should encourage their children. Tell children that even if you are a boy (girl), you can communicate with the opposite sex more, learn from each other's strengths, learn from girls' carefulness, boys' cheerfulness and so on. Only in this way can we make up for the weakness of children's personality and improve their personality.
Remember to distinguish too clearly.
Everyone knows that clear water means no fish. Similarly, it is not conducive to children's development to distinguish children's gender, personality or behavioral characteristics too clearly. Many personality characteristics are not gendered, just as being strong is not unique to boys and being kind is not unique to girls. If parents overemphasize it, it will make children feel that they are rejected by certain personality characteristics.
Grasp scale
The original intention of androgyny education is to let children make up for their lack of personality, not to make boys feminine and girls strong. Parents should grasp the scale, give up the basics, and lose sight of one thing, which is not worth the candle!
In the field of gender education, the theory of androgyny is hot, and inclusiveness is an important part of androgyny education. Research shows that children who receive androgynous education are better than those who receive monogamous education in mental health, adaptability and peer popularity.
Parents can try a new educational model in the right way, but they should grasp the scale. I hope the above suggestions can help you and your children.
The United States advocates a new educational concept of androgyny. With the progress of society and the development of civilization, people are more and more deeply aware of the importance of preschool education. At the same time, as a part of early childhood education, children's gender education has been paid more and more attention. As an organism existing in social life, human beings have both natural and social attributes. Therefore, human gender is both a biological concept and a sociological concept. That is, human sexuality can be divided into biological sex and social sex. The so-called biological sex is also the natural gender of human beings, which refers to the physiological differences between men and women. Gender refers to the gender characteristics and gender differences formed by men and women under the construction of social culture. It is the personality, attitude, value orientation and behavior characteristics formed by individuals under the influence of certain social and cultural gender norms, as well as the behavior patterns formed by these characteristics.
Psychologically speaking, the development of gender psychology is from three years old to adulthood. Therefore, early childhood is the initial stage and critical period for children to master gender concepts (gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy) and form good gender preferences and gender roles. Whether children can master the correct concept of gender and form good gender preferences and gender roles during this period is related to the formation of individual personality, the development of children's physical and mental health and their normal love, marriage, family and work in the future. How to carry out gender education for children has always been a concern and discussion in the educational and psychological circles. With the shortcomings of traditional sex education (single sex education) in modern society and the new requirements of social development for educational specifications and personnel training, a new model of sex education for children has been put forward since the 1970s. Hou, a lecturer in Zhonggong School, will discuss the new model of children's gender education-androgyny education from the aspects of the construction of the theoretical system of androgyny education, the purpose, the significance, the way, the strategy and the principles to be followed in the implementation process, so that we can have a deeper understanding and understanding of androgyny education.
First, the construction of the theoretical system of androgyny education.
In the process of gender education for children, in order to better promote the healthy and all-round development of children, people continue to explore the mode of gender education for children from theory and practice. With the new requirements of social development for talents, as well as the related theories and research results of psychology and pedagogy, people have explored an ideal model suitable for children's gender education-androgyny education.
(A) the concept of androgynous education
Androgyny education, also known as androgyny education, is a new concept that has emerged since the 1970s, and it is a new educational concept that has emerged after abandoning the traditional monogamous education. Its purpose is to cultivate individual androgyny, that is, androgyny, that is, the same person has both male and female psychological characteristics. The so-called androgynous education means that educators hold androgynous gender role expectations when educating children, so that the development of men and women is no longer bound by gender stereotypes, and they pay attention to absorbing the characteristics of the opposite sex and develop into androgynous gender roles. Its designers believe that too strict and rigid education for children will only limit the all-round and healthy development of children's intelligence and personality.
(B) the causes of androgyny education
At the end of 1980s, "androgynous education" became popular in America as a concept of family education, which was the result of the development of social production, the change of social division of labor and the change of social culture. In other words, the emergence of androgynous education is the result of the simultaneous development of social economy, politics and culture. With the informationization and modernization of production, the democratization of social and family management, and the progress of human culture, more and more men and women began to engage in occupations that were reserved for the opposite sex in the past. The traditional social division of labor based on physiological differences is gradually blurred, which makes the traditional gender role differences narrow day by day. Therefore, this provides a realistic possibility for the proposal and implementation of androgynous education. At the same time, the practice of development requires that more and more men and women can no longer be bound by monogamy and should have "androgynous personality".
Secondly, the lack of traditional monogamy education in modern society is another important reason for the rise of androgyny education. Talents trained by single-sex education: women may lack independence, self-motivation and independent spirit; Men may be rough, brave, and lack gentle and delicate temperament. This kind of talents are poor in social communication, interpersonal relationship management and self-emotional regulation. In the current social environment of economic prosperity, fierce competition, complex interpersonal relationships and sharp increase in survival pressure, the talents trained by single-sex education are at a disadvantage in the competition, and single-sex education can no longer meet the requirements of modern social development for all aspects of talent quality.
(3) The theoretical basis of androgyny education.
"Androgyny education" originates from androgynous personality theory, and Freud's concept of "subconscious androgyny" is the bud of this theory. The theories of "Anima" (female characteristics in men) and "Anima" (male characteristics in women) put forward by Swiss psychologist Jung explain that human beings are naturally androgynous from two aspects: male female intention and female male intention, which provides theoretical support for androgynous education.
Rossi formally put forward the new concept of "androgynous education" for the first time. The traditional gender role theory holds that the gender roles of men and women are antagonistic and incompatible with each other. Rossi believes that this traditional one-dimensional view of gender roles is not comprehensive enough. Rossi's androgyny theory holds that individuals can have the personality traits that traditional men and women should have at the same time, and the most suitable gender role model is androgyny. The so-called "androgyny" means that everyone may have more or less traditional male and female characteristics. Rossi's theory once again laid a theoretical foundation for androgyny education.
Second, the purpose of implementing bisexual education.
Under the background of the disadvantages of traditional monogamous education, the purpose of bisexual education is to promote educational equity, promote people's all-round development and meet the needs of social development for talents.
(A) promoting education equity
Education equity and gender equality have been strongly appealed by all walks of life in recent years, while the traditional "male belongs to yang and female belongs to yin; The gender culture of "men are superior to women" and the thought of "women are virtuous but not talented" have caused the inequality of social status and unfair education between men and women.
The theory of androgyny education discusses that the physiological differences between men and women can not be the fundamental basis for dividing gender characteristics from the perspective of individual psychology. Because individuals have social gender besides physiological gender, social gender is formed by the interaction between individuals and social environment under the influence of certain social culture. In other words, gender is largely the result of social and cultural cultivation. The implementation of androgyny education is to break the traditional gender concept and promote gender equality and educational equity.
(B) to promote the all-round development of people
The most fundamental purpose of education is to promote people's all-round development, and the single-sex education rooted in gender stereotypes strictly limits the gender characteristics of men and women, permeates all aspects of social life and limits people's development. As a new gender education model for children, androgyny education aims at promoting human development. The "all-round development of human beings" mentioned by Hou, a lecturer in China Public College, means that under the existing social conditions, individuals are not limited by the traditional concept of men and women, and at the same time, they absorb the high quality of the opposite sex while giving play to their own gender advantages, so that they have both advantages and disadvantages of both sexes.
Androgyny education is to build an advanced gender culture on the basis of gender equality and gender interaction, so as to realize the balanced and harmonious development of men and women.
(C) to meet the requirements of social development for talents
The existence of society is people-oriented, and the development of people promotes the development of society, which puts forward new requirements for people. Our society is in a period of great development and change. If an individual wants to be a qualified member of society and promote the coordinated development of society, he must know his gender role.
With the development of society, the over-masculine and over-feminine individuals cultivated under single-sex education have one-sided development in IQ, physical strength, personality and so on, which has not adapted to the requirements of today's social development for talents. Gender balance and complementary gender advantages are the development trend of society. Androgyny education is to create a gender role that is more conducive to the full development of society and individual potential, so as to meet the requirements of social development for talents.
Thirdly, the significance of implementing androgyny education.
With the development of the times and the progress of civilization, mankind has gained more development space and opportunities than in any previous historical period. The emergence of "androgynous education" is the result of the development of the times and the progress of civilization, and it is an inevitable educational model that conforms to the development of human society. The feasibility of cultivating androgynous personality has been confirmed by related research in psychology, pedagogy and sociology, and the advantages of androgynous education over traditional monogamous education have also been confirmed in theory and practice. So what is the significance of creating bisexual education? We can draw conclusions from the following aspects.
(A) the significance of androgynous education to personal growth
The aim of androgynous education is to cultivate individual androgynous personality. As an ideal personality model and a new mental health model, androgyny personality is gradually formed in a certain social environment, which points out a correct development direction for the gender socialization process of contemporary children. A large number of experimental research results confirm Sandra Bem's theory that individuals with androgynous personality model are superior to those with masculine, feminine and unmanly temperament in self-confidence, self-esteem, independence and security, that is, individuals with androgynous personality have the highest level of mental health. Androgyny education is to cultivate individuals with androgynous personality, cultivate their positive psychological quality and promote their psychological healthy development.
Androgyny education can supplement the deficiency of children's single personality and shape their complete personality. Monosexual personality refers to a simple personality with obvious gender characteristics when expressing the gender characteristics of men and women, and androgynous personality is a comprehensive personality type. In the contest between the two personality types in all aspects of social life, it will be found that androgynous children can show more positive personality traits. The implementation of androgyny education makes children have gender personality characteristics, and it is of great significance to shape children's complete personality for their development. Bem, a famous psychologist, believes that androgyny will be paid full attention to in the future of human development, and androgyny will become a symbol of mental health, so androgyny education will become a trend of gender education development.
(B) From a social point of view, the significance of implementing androgyny education.
The implementation of androgynous education corrects the "gender prejudice" in monogamous education and embodies gender equality and educational fairness. The "gender bias" in modern preschool education deepens the concept of gender bias and affects children's cognition and attribution of their gender roles. In order to change the influence of this unhealthy phenomenon, we must promote the implementation of androgynous education, correct the prejudice caused by "gender orientation" education, create androgynous education, make men and women have gender characteristics, enjoy equal educational resources and cultivate more healthy talents, which is of great significance to the healthy development of human society.
(C) from the national level to see the significance of implementing androgyny education
In terms of the development of androgyny education, compared with western developed countries, China started late, the proportion of androgyny personality is low at present, and there are few systematic and comprehensive androgyny education policies and practical programs. Therefore, under the background of building a harmonious society, we should create multi-angle and multi-level bisexual education for families, schools and society with the encouragement of striving to achieve educational fairness and justice. Cultivating a large number of androgynous talents is an effective measure to promote China's economic development and enhance the country's comprehensive national strength.