The average life span of mosquitoes is not long, which is 3- 100 days for females and 10-20 days for males.
Mosquitoes can be divided into male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes. The antenna of male mosquitoes is filiform, and the antenna hair is generally thicker than that of female mosquitoes. Their food is nectar and plant juice. Female mosquitoes need to bite animals and suck blood to promote the maturation of inner eggs.
Mosquito saliva contains a substance with vasodilating and anticoagulant effects, which makes it easier for blood to gather at the bitten place. The substance in mosquito saliva makes the bitten person's skin blister and itch.
Every time a mosquito bites, it will suck about one thousandth of a milliliter of blood. After each full meal, mosquitoes usually move within 2 kilometers of their birthplace, but the farthest emotional distance can reach 180 kilometers.
The total number of eggs laid by each female mosquito is about 1000-3000. They usually lay eggs on the water and hatch Cheng Shuisheng larvae two days later. Cicadas feed on algae in the water. After four times of peeling, they grow into pupae and float on the water. Finally, the pupa epidermis breaks and young mosquitoes are born.
The life history of mosquitoes includes four parts: eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. Generally, eggs are 65,438+0-2 days, larvae are 5-7 days and pupae are 2-3 days. Adults emerge to feed on blood for 3-7 days, and the whole generation takes about 1-2 weeks.
The life history of mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are completely abnormal insects. Life history can be divided into four stages:
1. Egg:
According to different species, mosquito eggs may be laid in three different locations: on the water surface, such as Anopheles and house mosquitoes; Water surface, such as Aedes mosquitoes. Anopheles and domestic mosquitoes hatch in about two days, while Aedes takes three to five days.
2. Larvae:
Mosquito larvae are called dragonflies The old man breathed through a straw. Intake of organic matter and microorganisms, bristles in the mouth will generate water flow and flow to the mouth. This period lasts about 10 ~ 14 days, and it becomes a pupa after molting for four times.
3. Pupa
The pupa looks like a comma from the side. Don't eat, but you can swim in the water. Breathe at the first pair of breathing angles. Fully mature after two days.
4. Adults
Newborn mosquitoes can't take off until their wings are hard. Within 24 hours after emergence, the male mosquito completely reverses the abdominal segment180 to complete the mating posture. Mating movements vary from species to species, and some form mosquito rows in the open fields at dusk for group dancing. The mosquito column is not necessarily composed of only one male mosquito, but often several different mosquito species. At this time, when the female mosquitoes saw the group dance, they flew close to the mosquito column and left after mating with the male mosquitoes of the same kind. Mating usually takes 10-25 seconds. Female mosquitoes mate only once in their lives. After mating, the fluid secreted by the male accessory gland forms a mating plug in the female mating hole, but it gradually dissolves and disappears completely after about 24 hours. Only once in her life, the eggs laid in her lifetime (100 days later) can still be fertilized.
Living habits of mosquitoes
Mosquitoes also have the following habits
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Mosquitoes breed in water, and different kinds of mosquitoes breed in different water quality and different types of stagnant water. Controlling or reforming breeding grounds is a measure to prevent mosquitoes.
The types of water bodies mainly breed mosquitoes.
Cesspits and cesspools seriously pollute water bodies and harass mosquitoes.
Slightly polluted water bodies, such as sewage pits (ditches), clean water cesspits, stagnant water in depressions and other Culex pipiens pallens.
Large clean water bodies such as paddy fields, lotus seeds, swamps and irrigation ditches, Anopheles sinensis and Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
Clean flowing water bodies, such as tiny Anopheles mosquitoes in mountain streams or river beds.
Small natural water bodies, such as tree holes, bamboo tubes, altars, water tanks and other stagnant water, Aedes albopictus, Aedes Incheon.
Inside and outside the house, such as water tanks, coconut shell water and other Aedes aegypti.
2. Mosquitoes also spread diseases by sucking blood. Understanding the blood-sucking habits of mosquitoes can reveal their relationship with diseases.
Only females suck blood, and males don't. Female mosquitoes must feed on ovaries to develop and reproduce. Female mosquitoes begin to suck blood 2-3 days after emergence. Many factors, such as temperature, humidity and light, will affect the blood-sucking activity of mosquitoes. When the temperature is above 10℃, start blood supply; Generally, Aedes mosquitoes mostly suck blood during the day, while Anopheles mosquitoes and Culex pipiens mostly suck blood at night. Some prefer human blood, others like to suck the blood of domestic animals, but there is no strict selectivity, so mosquitoes can spread human and animal diseases.
3. Habitat Habits Mastering the habitat habits of mosquitoes is the basis for formulating mosquito control measures.
Mosquitoes need to find a place to live after eclosion and blood feeding. Generally speaking, mosquitoes like to live in hidden, dark and poorly ventilated places, such as under the bed, behind cabinets, behind doors, crevices in walls, barns and basements, as well as outdoor lawns, caves, cellars, bridge opening and crevices.
Mosquitoes can be divided into the following three types according to their different habitat habits: domestic type: such as Anopheles minimus and Anopheles anthropophagus. Semi-domestic type: such as Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles sinensis in Sun Moon Lake and Anopheles sinensis, some of them live indoors and some live outdoors. Wild type: Anopheles dirus, Aedes albopictus, etc. Fly outdoors to digest the blood in the stomach after sucking blood.
The life span of mosquitoes
Under natural conditions, the life span of male mosquitoes after mating is about 7- 10 days, but it can live to 1 to 2 months in the laboratory.
Female mosquitoes can live at least 1 to 2 months, and have lived in the laboratory for 4 months.
Damn mosquitoes
Among mosquitoes, the most hateful is the mosquito that sucks human blood. Male and female mosquitoes have different feeding habits. Male mosquitoes are "vegetarians" who specialize in feeding on nectar from plants and juice from fruits, stems and leaves. Female mosquitoes occasionally taste the juice of plants, but once they get married, they will feed on blood. Because it can only develop ovaries after sucking blood. So only female mosquitoes bite and suck blood.
There are many spiral sensory hairs on a pair of antennae and three pairs of feet of mosquitoes, and each sensory hair is densely arranged with round or oval pores. In the dark, mosquitoes can sense the carbon dioxide emitted by the human body in the air through this sensor, respond within 1‰ second, and fly to the blood-sucking object correctly and in time. Before sucking blood, mosquitoes inject saliva containing anticoagulant into the skin and mix it with blood, so that the blood becomes thin plasma that will not coagulate, and then spit out undigested old blood and suck out fresh blood. If a person bites 654.38+100000 mosquitoes at the same time, he can absorb human blood.
Mosquitoes suck human blood and are also "picky", looking for objects that meet their "tastes". When mosquitoes "buzz" around a sleeping person's pillow, they rely on proximity sensors to sense temperature, humidity and chemicals contained in sweat. Therefore, female mosquitoes first bite people with higher body temperature in love sweating. Because of the high body temperature, the odor secreted by people in love sweating contains more amino acids, lactic acid and ammonia compounds, which are easy to attract mosquitoes.
The main harm of mosquitoes is to spread diseases. According to research, mosquitoes spread more than 80 diseases. On the earth, no animal is more harmful to human beings than mosquitoes.
Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is also called miasma. According to the investigation of 1935 Ministry of Health, 50% of residents have plasmodium in their blood, and 72% have falciparum malaria. 1936, about 20,000 people died of malaria in Gao County, Jiangsu Province. 1876 When the Panama Canal was dug, countless workers died of yellow fever and malaria, which made 1889 have to stop working. Only after entomologists have solved the problem of mosquitoes can they continue to complete the canal project. 1930 the report of the far east tropical diseases medical association points out that about 50 people die of tiger's mouth and 50,000 people die of malaria every year in Thailand.
How do mosquitoes transmit pathogens into human body? When Anopheles mosquitoes suck the blood of malaria patients, they also inhale plasmodium (the source of malaria). When they bite again, plasmodium is injected into the bitten person from the mouth of the mosquito. After 10 days, plasmodium began to appear in the blood vessels near the skin. They multiply in patients' red blood cells and divide into a large number of small protozoa, which destroy red blood cells and release a toxin. Each plasmodium invades other red blood cells, constantly multiplying, making more and more plasmodium and toxins in patients, leading to chills and fever in patients. At first, malaria patients feel cold and trembling all over, but the temperature measured by thermometer is very high. About an hour later, the patient felt a fever, and then his temperature continued to rise. After three or four hours, he began to sweat and his temperature dropped. A few hours later, the patient felt relaxed and his illness seemed to have passed. In fact, at this time, the small protozoa have invaded new red blood cells and started to reproduce. When Plasmodium destroys red blood cells again, the patient becomes ill again, forming a second round. Unless proper treatment is given, this attack will continue periodically and painfully. The losses caused by malaria to human beings are considerable. The patient is weak, inefficient, and even loses his life in severe cases. At present, drugs can be used to treat and prevent this disease, but the best way is to eliminate malaria, a mosquito infected with this disease.
Japanese encephalitis (an acute infectious disease caused by viral infection) is also spread by mosquitoes. This disease is also called Japanese encephalitis, commonly known as encephalitis. The patient developed fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions, lethargy and coma. There is no specific treatment, so the mortality rate is quite high.
Mosquitoes bite the blood of infected people or animals, and after a considerable period of time, they become contagious. When biting people without immunity, they can make the bitten person sick. The mosquitoes infected with this disease are Culex pipiens and Aedes. In order to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of this disease, in addition to vaccination and infection prevention, we must also vigorously kill mosquitoes and eliminate communicators. In addition, Culex pipiens and Anopheles can also spread filariasis (elephantiasis).
Mosquitoes that can transmit diseases in China can be roughly divided into three categories: one is Anopheles, commonly known as Anopheles mosquitoes, which mainly transmit malaria. According to incomplete statistics, during the period of 1929 1 year, about 2 million people worldwide died of malaria. The other is Culex pipiens, which mainly spreads filariasis and Japanese encephalitis. The third category is called Aedes mosquitoes, which have black and white stripes on their bodies, and are also called black-spotted mosquitoes, which mainly spread Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever.
In a suitable environment in summer, female mosquitoes lay eggs in water and hatch into larvae in a day or two, which is called dragonflies. After molting for four times, it becomes a pupa, which can continue to live in water for two or three days and then emerge into mosquitoes. It only takes about 10- 12 days to complete the development of one generation, and seven or eight generations can be bred in one year.
Scientists have found that carbon dioxide is very attractive to mosquitoes for a long time, but carbon dioxide alone cannot tell the whole story, because facts show that mosquitoes prefer to bite people's arms, legs and feet after all. Therefore, the role of carbon dioxide can not be ignored, but the skin must also release other substances that are more attractive to mosquitoes.
Scientists have found that mosquitoes react strongly to some mixtures. Among the 346 substances they tested, the mixture of three special chemicals attracted 90% mosquitoes every time. Bernier found that his own arms and hands only attracted seven mosquitoes. "Sometimes, mosquitoes mixed with 30 substances are not attracted at all," bernier said. However, in this experiment, scientists have never found that any attractant can attract mosquitoes 100%.
The researchers also found that the mixture that can release human body odor is more attractive to mosquitoes. However, this is far from being a better attractant. Because the attractant must be more attractive to mosquitoes than the human body nearby, bernier and others said, "It is very difficult to get close to the human body, and we have not been able to do it."
Eliminating mosquitoes is the key to ensure people's health and avoid the spread of diseases. Mosquitoes go through four stages: egg, larva (larva), pupa and adult. Mosquitoes like to lay eggs in clear water, such as rivers, rain pools, ponds, ponds, rice fields and mountain streams. In warm seasons, eggs can hatch in about three days and begin to eat tiny microorganisms and protozoa growing in water. They lean on two air holes at the end of their bodies and suck air near the water surface. After molting, the baby finally stops eating and becomes a pupa. After about two or three days, the pupa surfaced to shed its skin, emerged as an adult (that is, a mosquito) and flew out. Male and female mating is mostly in the early morning or evening. First, male mosquitoes fly around in groups in treetops, eaves, windows or open places. Female mosquitoes seize the opportunity to join the team and mate quickly in flight. Male mosquitoes only suck grass juice and live on nectar, not blood. Female mosquitoes have to feed on blood (human or animal blood) eggs after mating to develop and mature, so only female mosquitoes can spread diseases. Female mosquitoes can lay eggs once after being full of blood, and they can lay eggs six to eight times in their lives, with 200-300 eggs each time. So killing a mosquito early is equivalent to killing hundreds of mosquitoes. It is important to know the life history and breeding place of mosquitoes. We can use this knowledge to kill mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae are the easiest to put out because they have to live in water. If we can fill the lowlands, drain the accumulated water and clean up the blood stored in the water frequently, we will certainly get a good mosquito killing effect.
Dark mosquitoes begin to fly indoors at dusk, when the mosquito killing effect is the best. Corners, ceilings, bed bottoms and seat backs are the favorite hiding places for mosquitoes. Therefore, special attention should be paid when spraying aerosol.
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