"Singing" refers to singing, which is the core content of China traditional opera performance. "Nian" refers to musical singing; "Doing" refers to dancing body movements, that is, the basic skills of opera actors in the process of opera performance; "Beating" refers to the skills of martial arts and somersaults, that is, martial arts in the performing arts of Chinese opera.
The "five methods" are hand, eye, body, method and step, and are five technical methods.
"Hand" refers to the hand shape in traditional Chinese opera performance; "Eyes" are eyes; "Body" is the form, that is, the actor's body technique in performance; "Step" is a catwalk, which refers to the standing posture and walking steps of actors in shaping characters on the stage; "Law" is the norm and method of the above technology.
"Four Merits and Five Methods" is the soul of China traditional opera. Opera actors should not only be familiar with the basic essentials of mastering the "four techniques and five methods", but more importantly, actors can only use the "four techniques and five methods" in a timely, appropriate, appropriate and free manner, so as to make the opera stage shine, impress the audience and infect the audience, thus giving the opera repertoire strong vitality and making it enduring.
Extended data
Correct application of "Four Merits"
Just as a person must have the basic functions of "eating, drinking, dispersing and dispersing" in order to have a healthy body, an opera actor must first have the basic skills of "singing, reading, doing and playing" and use it properly in the stage performance of opera.
1, rational use of singing skills: singing plays, singing skills are important. Opera duet, Henan opera is especially good at singing, winning by singing, and almost all long plays are sung. The focus is on sound, pronunciation, intonation, rhyme and so on.
Voice is the premise of singing a good play. A singer must first have a good voice condition of high-pitched, bright, crisp and mellow, pure timbre and freely high and low. Good voice conditions can be divided into congenital and acquired. Master Ma Jinfeng's "Golden Voice" is a model of acquired practice.
Pronunciation is the fundamental guarantee for singing good plays. Articulation means that the actor clearly conveys the words in the lyrics to the audience through singing, so that the audience can understand the meaning of the plot while enjoying the art of singing.
Pronunciation generally refers to the tone of an actor when singing, and each play has its own tone characteristics and characteristics.
Hang Qiang: Actors with voice conditions, articulation skills and pronunciation skills should grasp the essentials of even breath, true articulation, accurate timbre, calm eyes and beautiful timbre in singing according to the needs of the plot, and form a beautiful singing voice with distinctive features, graceful expression, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, full of feelings and touching feelings.
2. Clever use of "reading" works
"Nian" is one of the important artistic means in the process of traditional Chinese opera performance, which plays an important role in the whole drama. It is said that "four or two songs are sung in the oral part", so it requires the real kung fu of the actors. To be exact, the skill of reading white characters is lip service. It must be eloquent, accurate in words and beautiful in timbre, but it can't be used at will, depending on the needs of the plot.
3. Appropriate use of "ongoing" work.
"Doing" is a kind of performance method and a concentrated expression of various acting skills for actors to shape the artistic image of the stage in the play. Workmanship covers the performance skills of artistically reproducing real life with various actions such as suggestive action, gesture action and emotional action. These movements require the actor's acting skills and unique skills. Skills and unique skills are set according to the division of occupations, the setting of characters and the needs of the plot.
4. Use "strike" power cautiously.
"Da" is a kind of China traditional opera kung fu with the strongest technical performance, the largest physical consumption, and the highest accuracy, difficulty and precision. It usually shows the fierce fighting scenes between the enemy and ourselves in traditional operas. Its kungfu consists of somersault, blanket and bazi, each of which has its own tricks.
If all actors carefully prepare, rehearse and use martial arts, the stage of the opera will be dazzling, and the audience will love, care and support it, thus enhancing the artistic vitality of the opera.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Skills and Five Methods