Health management refers to the process of overall management of health risk factors of individuals or groups. Health management is a process and method to prevent and control the occurrence and development of diseases, reduce medical expenses and improve the quality of life, to carry out health education for individuals and groups, to improve the awareness and level of self-management, and to continuously improve the health risk factors related to their lifestyles through health information collection, health testing, health assessment, personalized health management plan and health intervention.
Significance of health management
I. Meaning for individuals and families
1. Find the disease risk in time and control it as soon as possible, so that you and your family can get sick less, get sick less, get sick slowly, and get sick effectively.
2. Reduce major life risks.
3. Reduce the burden of life and increase personal and family wealth.
4. Improve the quality of life.
5. One person is healthy and the whole family is happy.
Second, the significance to the enterprise
1, reducing the burden of medical expenses and saving the use cost of human resources.
2, improve employee efficiency (such as improving attendance, etc.). ).
3. Enhance employees' sense of belonging to the team.
Characteristics of health management
1, health management is to control health risk factors as the core, including variable risk factors and immutable risk factors. The former is a controllable factor that changes through its own behavior, such as unreasonable diet, lack of exercise, smoking and drinking, and abnormal index factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The latter is a factor beyond personal control, such as age, gender, family history and so on.
2, health management reflects the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention simultaneously.
Primary prevention, that is, disease-free prevention, also known as etiological prevention, is to take measures to reduce the level of harmful exposure, enhance the ability of individuals to resist harmful exposure, prevent the occurrence of diseases (or injuries) or at least delay the occurrence of diseases before the occurrence of diseases (or injuries).
Secondary prevention, that is, early detection and early treatment of diseases, is also called preclinical prevention (or preclinical prevention), that is, the "three early" preventive measures of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases. This level of prevention is to prevent the changes of the disease before or in the early clinical stage through early detection, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, so that the disease can be found and treated in the early stage, avoid or reduce the occurrence of complications, sequelae and disabilities, or shorten the time of disability.
Tertiary prevention, namely treatment and disability prevention, is also called clinical prevention. Tertiary prevention can prevent disability, promote functional recovery, improve quality of life, prolong life and reduce mortality.
Third, the service process of health management is a cyclical operation cycle. The implementation links of health management are health monitoring (collecting personal health information of clients is the premise and foundation for continuous implementation of health management), health assessment (predicting the risks of various diseases is the fundamental guarantee for implementing health management) and health intervention (helping clients to take actions to control risk factors is the ultimate goal of implementing health management). In the whole service process, through these three links, we will continue to circulate to reduce or reduce the number and level of risk factors and maintain a low risk level.
Three basic steps of health management
1. Understand and master the health status, and carry out health information collection and health examination. Personal health information includes personal general situation, current health status and family history, lifestyle, physical examination, blood and urine laboratory examination, etc.
2. Care and assess health, and carry out health risk assessment and health assessment. According to the collected personal health information, the personal health status and the risk of future illness or death are quantitatively evaluated through mathematical models. Its main purpose is to help individuals fully understand health risks, encourage and help people to correct unhealthy behaviors and habits, formulate personalized health intervention measures and evaluate their effects.
On the basis of health risk assessment, make health plans for individuals and groups. Personalized health management plan is the key to identify and effectively control individual health risk factors. Pay attention to those indicators that can be changed or controlled, put forward the goals of health improvement, and provide action guides and related health improvement modules. Personalized health management plan not only provides individuals with the action principle of preventive intervention, but also provides an effective tool for communication between health managers and individuals.
3. Intervention and health promotion Carry out health risk intervention and health promotion. On the basis of the first two steps, help individuals to take actions in various forms, correct bad lifestyles and habits, control health risk factors, and achieve the goal of personal health management plan. Different from general health education and health promotion, health intervention in the process of health management is personalized, that is, health managers give individual guidance, set individual goals and dynamically track the effect according to individual health risk factors.
It should be emphasized that health management is a long-term, continuous, circular and spiraling all-round health service process, that is, after implementing health intervention measures for a certain period of time, it is necessary to evaluate the effect and adjust the plan and intervention measures. Only by forming a closed loop can we achieve the expected effect of health management.