What are occupational health and safety risks?

As we all know, there are always potential hazards in people's work activities or working environment, which may cause property losses, harm the environment, affect human health and even cause injury accidents. These hazards are chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and other kinds. People refer to the possibility of one or some dangers causing accidents and their possible consequences as risks. Risk can be evaluated by indicators such as probability of occurrence, harm scope and loss size. The object of modern occupational safety and health management is occupational safety and health risks. The losses caused by accidents caused by risks are various, which are generally divided into the following aspects: (l) the life injury of employees themselves and others; (2) Health injuries of employees themselves and others (including psychological injuries); (3) Damage and loss of data, equipment and facilities (including failure to work normally within a certain period of time or for a long time); (4) Accident handling expenses (including indirect expenses such as shutdown and accident investigation); (5) Increase the economic burden of organizations and employees; (6) Mental, psychological and economic injuries and losses of employees themselves and others' families, friends and society; (7) Criticism and accusation from government, industry and public opinion; (8) organizational image damage caused by legal investigation and news exposure; (9) Investors or financial departments lose confidence; (10) Damage and loss of organizational reputation and loss of business opportunities; (1 1) The market competitiveness of the products declines; (12) Complaints, complaints and criticisms from employees themselves and others. The loss of occupational safety and health accidents includes direct loss and indirect loss, and the cost of loss far exceeds the cost of medical treatment and disease compensation, that is to say, the indirect loss is generally far greater than the direct loss. There are two kinds of risk-induced accidents that cause losses: personal factors and work/system factors. Personal factors include: lack of physical/physiological structural ability, such as height, weight, lack of stretching, sensitivity or allergy to substances; Insufficient thinking/psychological ability, such as insufficient understanding, poor judgment, poor sense of direction, etc. ; Physiological stress, such as feeling overload and fatigue, exposure to extreme temperature, lack of oxygen, etc. Thinking or psychological stress, such as emotional overload, requires extreme concentration/attention, etc. ; Insufficient knowledge, such as insufficient training, misunderstanding, etc. ; Insufficient skills, such as insufficient internship; Incorrect driving force, such as inappropriate colleague competition. Work/system factors include: insufficient guidance/supervision, such as unclear or conflicting authorization responsibilities, insufficient decentralization, and insufficient policies, procedures, operating methods or guidance; Insufficient engineering design, such as insufficient consideration of human factors/ergonomics, insufficient preparation for operation, etc. Insufficient procurement, such as incorrect storage materials or transportation materials, insufficient identification of dangerous goods, etc. ; Insufficient maintenance, such as insufficient lubricating oil and maintenance, and insufficient inspection equipment. ; Insufficient tools and equipment, such as insufficient working standards, abnormal wear and tear of equipment, abuse or misuse, thus, loss control is not limited to the scope of personal safety control. Dr Deming and other management scientists found that about 65,438+05% of the problems in a company can be controlled by employees, and about 85% or more problems can be controlled by management. Losses are not "inevitable" costs in enterprise management, but can be prevented and eliminated through management.