In China, four common diseases that endanger children's health are pneumonia, diarrhea, rickets and anemia. Nutritional imbalance is not only the basis of these diseases, but also the inevitable result of their development. Some babies are malnourished due to improper feeding and unreasonable dietary arrangements, and on this basis, they are prone to various diseases. Through regular health examination, we can not only understand the growth and development of children, but also find the symptoms and signs related to nutritional deficiency in time, providing early clues or evidence for the diagnosis of nutritional diseases.
Although parents do their best for their children's physical and mental health development in all aspects of the family, especially the diet arrangement, the kindergarten also arranges and implements a balanced diet for their children according to the requirements of the children's health department, but what is the effect? Can parents objectively understand their children's health? This requires a scientific and objective evaluation method. First of all, it is necessary to determine which projects to observe and detect and how to evaluate them.
The nutritional status of children in the process of growth and development is an important part of evaluating their health level. It reflects the results of the dynamic balance between the nutrients they consume in their diet and their metabolic utilization and consumption in the body, and reflects the utilization effect of various nutrients they consume every day, whether the energy they have is in a reasonable balance with the metabolic consumption of the body, and whether it meets the needs of growth.
Under the condition of understanding and applying the general laws of children's growth and development, parents can observe and monitor children's general health care projects, so as to facilitate children's smooth growth. These items usually include: the child's height, weight, mouth and teeth, and observe whether his condition is commensurate with his age; Observing and noticing some symptoms and signs may reflect clues to potential health problems. Now briefly described as follows.
Oral cavity and teeth: children's deciduous teeth and permanent teeth should be examined according to age or month, including the number of teeth, dentition, dental caries and abnormal spots (fluoride spots, tetracycline spots, etc.). ), and whether there are abnormalities in gums, oral mucosa and glossopharyngeal area. The original 20 deciduous teeth of children aged 4-6 years were replaced by permanent teeth (first molars) one by one at the age of 6, and the total number of teeth aged 6-7 years could reach 24; But it's also possible that you haven't changed your teeth since you were 6-7 years old, which is normal. The key point is whether the first and second deciduous molars are decayed. If there is any change, it should be evaluated in time and health care measures should be taken.
To understand the absorption, utilization, storage and dynamic balance of nutrients in children after eating, it is often necessary to detect the levels of various nutrients and their decomposition products or other derived chemical components in children's blood, body fluids and excreta. As a small-scale nutrition research, there are many projects that can provide clear data for this. However, as a child care institution, it is not necessary to set up a special person to do these tasks, but you can contact the Maternal and Child Health Hospital and the Health Care Center to conduct regular tests on one or more of them, including the detection of dietary components. If you want to know whether the dietary ingredients can meet the needs of children, anemia, as one of the indicators of nutritional status, is a general project. Generally, only hemoglobin can be detected, and biochemical items such as iron and protein are not needed. As for anemia, according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, anemia can be diagnosed when the hemoglobin content of human body at sea level is lower than the following values: 6 months to under 6 years old.
When evaluating the nutritional status of zinc, the decline of serum zinc level may be caused not only by real zinc deficiency, but also by infection, hunger and stress reaction, so the content of serum metallothionein should be detected at the same time to make a correct diagnosis. As for the content of zinc in hair, if it can reflect the nutritional status of zinc in children, it is also a past situation, and it is not suitable as a basis for judging whether to add zinc-fortified foods or drugs.
Other items, such as blood calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, plasma protein, vitamin load test and other biochemical items, can be selectively detected under the guidance of doctors, and need not be used as necessary or routine items to evaluate nutritional status.