The seven essential nutrients for human body are: protein, fat, carbohydrate, inorganic salt, vitamin, cellulose and water. All life activities of the human body are inseparable from these nutrients, that is to say, the human body absorbs these nutrients through combination and decomposition, synthesizes various tissues and organs of the human body, and supplies all substances necessary for human life activities. When the human body lacks certain nutrients, the normality of life activities will be affected, and various manifestations such as emaciation, weakness, decreased resistance, dysfunction, disease and even death will appear. Therefore, in daily life, we should develop good eating habits of not being partial to food, not picky eaters and not overeating, so as to obtain comprehensive and balanced nutrition.
The arrangement of three meals a day is ingenious, and breakfast is not allowed.
The reasonable arrangement of three meals a day is directly related to health. The reasonable arrangement is: breakfast accounts for 25%-30% of the total calories in the whole day, lunch accounts for 40%, and dinner accounts for 30%-35%. Protein and a certain amount of fat should be provided for breakfast, protein, fat, cellulose, carbohydrates and vitamins should be provided for lunch, and dinner should be refined. Besides protein, cellulose, carbohydrates and vitamins, we should also avoid them.
In order to prevent food poisoning, we should do the following:
1, do not eat spoiled food;
2. Don't eat food contaminated by harmful chemicals or radioactive substances;
3. Do not eat raw seafood, seafood, meat, etc. ;
4. Raw and cooked foods should be placed separately;
5. Choppers and chopping boards that have cut raw food cannot be used to cut cooked food;
6. Do not eat dead animal meat;
7, do not eat poisonous mushrooms, puffer fish, raw mung beans, sprouted potatoes, moldy sugar cane, etc.
Ten principles of food safety
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1, to buy safe food;
2, the food should be cooked thoroughly;
3. Eat immediately after cooking;
4. Store cooked food carefully;
5. Reheated food should be thorough;
6. Prevent cross-contamination of raw and cooked food;
7. Keep the kitchen utensils clean;
8. Wash your hands before processing food;
9. Prevent insects and animals from polluting food.
10, use clean water.
2. What are the common knowledge of food hygiene?
We should arrange three meals reasonably.
Because I get up late during the holidays, I can prepare a small amount of food for my children for breakfast, such as a small bowl of rice porridge and a little green vegetables. Or a glass of milk and two pieces of steamed bread; Or a boiled egg with a glass of juice; Or a glass of juice and three snacks. It not only supplements children with certain nutrition, but also won't let children develop the habit of not wanting to eat lunch. Eat some fish, lean meat, eggs, vegetables, potatoes, tofu and bean products for lunch to meet the needs of children's growth and development. Give a fruit an hour after dinner. Dinner should generally be light in moderation, such as a bowl of rice with vegetables and a bowl of soup. Or a fish with a steamed bread, some vegetables and so on. Children should drink a glass of milk and eat an orange or vitamin C before going to bed.
Pay attention to the thickness of food.
Nowadays, the food is more and more exquisite and diverse, but the nutritional collocation is neglected. Vitamin B 1 (thiamine) and nicotinic acid exist in miscellaneous grains. If lacking them, it will cause ophthalmoplegia and poor vision, and even serious eye diseases. Parents can add some coarse grains to the staple food of each meal, such as millet, corn, whole wheat and adzuki beans.
Some parents believe that children can only be healthy if they eat more meat, which leads to adult diseases such as hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and diabetes. During the holidays, parents should pay attention to giving their children more crude fiber vegetables, such as cabbage, spinach and lettuce. , reduce fat intake.
Pay attention to vitamin a supplementation.
Vitamin A can maintain normal vision and normal differentiation of corneal epithelial cells. We should arrange three meals reasonably.
Because I get up late during the holidays, I can prepare a small amount of food for my children for breakfast, such as a small bowl of rice porridge and a little green vegetables. Or a glass of milk and two pieces of steamed bread; Or a boiled egg with a glass of juice; Or a glass of juice and three snacks. It not only supplements children with certain nutrition, but also won't let children develop the habit of not wanting to eat lunch. Eat some fish, lean meat, eggs, vegetables, potatoes, tofu and bean products for lunch to meet the needs of children's growth and development. Give a fruit an hour after dinner. Dinner should generally be light in moderation, such as a bowl of rice with vegetables and a bowl of soup. Or a fish with a steamed bread, some vegetables and so on. Children should drink a glass of milk and eat an orange or vitamin C before going to bed.
Pay attention to the thickness of food.
Nowadays, the food is more and more exquisite and diverse, but the nutritional collocation is neglected. Vitamin B 1 (thiamine) and nicotinic acid exist in miscellaneous grains. If lacking them, it will cause ophthalmoplegia and poor vision, and even serious eye diseases. Parents can add some coarse grains to the staple food of each meal, such as millet, corn, whole wheat and adzuki beans.
Some parents believe that children can only be healthy if they eat more meat, which leads to adult diseases such as hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and diabetes. During the holidays, parents should pay attention to giving their children more crude fiber vegetables, such as cabbage, spinach and lettuce. , reduce fat intake.
Pay attention to vitamin a supplementation.
Vitamin A can maintain normal vision and normal differentiation of corneal epithelial cells. If the supplement is insufficient, it will cause poor dark adaptation, corneal dryness and degeneration. Watching TV for a long time during holidays will affect children's vision development, so it is necessary to supplement foods containing vitamin A. Cow liver, sheep liver, pig liver, chicken liver, milk, goat milk, eggs and other foods are rich in vitamin A.
Appropriate vitamin d supplementation
Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and the normal development of bones and teeth. Lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets and osteomalacia. In winter, in addition to letting children get more sunshine, they should also add some vitamin D to their food. Cod liver oil is rich in vitamin D, but it must be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Butter, egg yolk, milk and other foods contain a small amount of vitamin D.
Eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C.
Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, can promote the synthesis of collagen and enhance the body's resistance. There are few outdoor activities during holidays, and children's disease resistance is poor. They should eat more foods containing vitamin C. Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C include jujube, jujube, orange, hawthorn, lemon, kiwi fruit, Rosa roxburghii, green pepper, tomato, Chinese cabbage and potato.
Avoid eating too many snacks and drinks.
It doesn't matter if children eat snacks and drink a small amount of drinks. However, in order to save trouble, some parents often let their children eat some puffed and fried food to satisfy their hunger; Drinking drinks as water will make children consume too much sugar, pigments and food additives, which is one of the reasons why some children are obese and suffer from gastrointestinal diseases. During holidays, parents should limit their children to eat these foods, take boiled water as a drink, eat three meals on time, and form good eating habits.
3. What health protection measures are there in March?
Grasp the itinerary and speed, and arrange the marching speed reasonably during the rest of the day. We should master the principle of slowing down at both ends and speeding up on the way.
Large and small classes should be organized according to the requirements of marching hygiene. Pay attention to food hygiene, replenish water and salt reasonably, and consume a lot of physical strength when marching. We should improve the food appropriately and increase the nutrition of commanders and soldiers.
Strive to provide three hot meals with an interval of no more than 6 hours to prevent eating corrupt and unclean food. Drink a small amount of water many times during the March.
Increase * * * health supervision to prevent excessive fatigue. Pay attention to the physical condition of soldiers when marching. Usually, when resting, the heart rate exceeds 140 and min, and it can't return to normal level after resting for 10 minutes, indicating that marching is too tired.
Pay attention to find the injury and make a diagnosis and treatment in time. When marching, resting or camping, we should make rounds in time and mobilize soldiers to inform each other about injuries, so as to find injured soldiers as soon as possible and make timely diagnosis and treatment. We should focus on preventing blisters on our feet.
4. What are the main aspects of food hygiene during travel?
The first problem to keep healthy during the journey is to always pay attention to food hygiene and prevent "illness from entering the mouth".
Food hygiene during travel mainly includes the following aspects: pay attention to drinking water hygiene. Generally speaking, you can't drink raw water. Boiled water and sterilized tap water are the most ideal drinking water for the journey, followed by mountain spring and deep well water. Rivers, ponds and lakes cannot be drunk raw.
When there is no qualified water to drink, you can use melons and fruits instead of water. Melons and fruits must be washed or peeled before eating.
You must peel the fruit when you eat it. Melons and fruits are not only polluted by pesticides, but also by germs or parasites during picking and selling.
Take every meal seriously, and it's good to be hungry. High-end restaurants can generally eat safely, food stalls can be eaten selectively, and stalls or vendors (carts) should not eat.
Although there are a lot of hungry situations during the trip, the food of the street vendors can't be touched. If you are hungry, you are playing with your life.
5. How to improve the health and disease prevention ability of army officers and soldiers?
Soldiers, as the foundation of the army, are the basic elements of the army. Only by improving the ability of officers and men to prevent and treat diseases can we ensure the completion of various tasks centered on fire prevention and rescue. Doing a good job in health and disease prevention at the grass-roots level depends on implementing the policy of "leaders attach importance to prevention first", health management system, medical knowledge and universal education. Now let's talk about some superficial views on this issue.
First, leading cadres at all levels must attach great importance to it.
In our province's fire forces, many detachment-level units have no health teams (institutes). According to the requirements of standardized management, although the squadron has set up a clinic, the facilities in the clinic are simple and the medicines are single, which cannot meet the medical needs of grassroots officers and soldiers. All these depend on the importance that leading cadres attach to health work. The detachment should have a leader in charge of health care and realize the truth that "all is fair in war". In the grass-roots squadron, very few cadres are indifferent as long as the soldiers are trained, even if the soldiers are sick, which is wrong. Cadres at all levels, especially cadres with troops at the grass-roots level, should treat soldiers as brothers, and care for the soldiers around them sincerely like their parents and brothers. Sick soldiers should be treated in time. Can not be treated on the spot, should be immediately sent to a hospital with good medical technology, without delay. Grass-roots cadres should care about their work and life, soothe their hearts, and let soldiers truly feel the warmth of the military family.
Organizations at all levels should put health and disease prevention work on the agenda. Improve the squadron cadres and health workers to participate in the disease prevention team, formulate and implement various disease prevention measures, so that there are plans, actions and inspections. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in the training of primary health personnel, and adopt the method of combining on-the-job education with continuous learning to improve the medical technical level of health personnel. Really do a good job in health and disease prevention, grasp the depth, grasp the details and create a good medical environment for officers and men.
Second, do a good job in popularizing health knowledge.
The popularization of health knowledge is an important means of health and disease prevention at the grass-roots level. Grassroots squadrons should invite hospital professionals to organize officers and soldiers to have a good health class according to the characteristics of different seasons. Use movies, slides, blackboard newspapers, wall newspapers, health promotion pictures and other ways to promote scientific knowledge of health and disease prevention. In the grass-roots squadron, it is also necessary to educate and learn about nutrition and food hygiene for food suppliers and cooks to ensure that "the disease is from the mouth." After the new soldiers arrive at the team, they should carry out daily hygiene knowledge education such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, develop good hygiene habits, enhance their self-care awareness, and make paying attention to hygiene become the conscious action of officers and men.
The heads of relevant troops should earnestly do practical things and do good things for grassroots officers and men. It is necessary to regard grassroots assistance as an important task and persist in it. Although some preventive knowledge education is carried out every year when recruits leave the army and grass-roots units change seasons, the effect of learning basic medical knowledge by officers and men is not obvious, and the incidence of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases cannot be effectively controlled. In view of the fact that the basic medical knowledge of grass-roots officers and soldiers is not deeply understood, detailed and thorough, and the education effect can not reach the fundamental purpose, the logistics department of the detachment should organize experts to analyze carefully the causes of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases in grass-roots units, do a good job in education, compile pamphlets on prevention and treatment of common diseases, and distribute them to grass-roots front-line officers and soldiers. Let grass-roots officers and soldiers know the basic knowledge of medicine and know how to prevent various common diseases. The hospitals designated by the detachment should establish contact system with grass-roots units, issue contact cards to squadrons, provide consultation and guidance at any time, and send experts to guide health and disease prevention work for a long time.
Third, improve the health management system.
System is the condition and management is the key. Without a strong management system, health and disease prevention work is empty talk. Grassroots squadrons should give full play to the role of health workers. Squadron medics are both managers and executors of health system. Health workers should have a high sense of responsibility and often go deep into the class to supervise and implement the food hygiene system and personal hygiene system. Form standardized, institutionalized and standardized health management. It is necessary to adhere to the principle that the health and disease prevention work is not up to standard, and the whole squadron work is not up to standard, and make rectification within a time limit, so that the squadron leader feels that the health work can't be done without grasping it, so that the health work can be implemented.
Fourth, implement the policy of putting prevention first.
Prevention is to establish the concept of health, everyone participates, and actively carry out the activities of "creating green police camps and health camps" to improve the sanitary appearance of the resident, purify and beautify the environment, and form a good atmosphere for everyone to pay attention to hygiene. At the same time, in view of the seasonality and frequent occurrence of some diseases, effective preventive measures should be taken. For example, summer and autumn are the onset seasons of intestinal infectious diseases, and winter and spring are the onset seasons of respiratory infectious diseases. Preventive measures should be formulated in advance to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of diseases. Organize officers and soldiers to implement planned immunization in the nearest medical unit in time to improve the vaccination rate.