1. Gastropathy
The driver's diet is very irregular, and he often makes do with a meal or even doesn't eat it. Long-term unreasonable and irregular eating habits will lead to digestive system diseases, such as indigestion, stomachache and even severe gastrointestinal bleeding.
Precautionary measures: drivers should arrange the travel of vehicles reasonably, have meals every 4-5 hours and regularly, and adhere to the "balanced, soft, slow and light" eating habit. You must always keep some fresh fruits, cakes and drinking water during the long-distance transportation. Maintain emotional stability and reduce physical and psychological burden. Emotional instability or long-term excessive tension will lead to central nervous system disorder, which will have a negative impact on the function of internal organs, and the stomach will bear the brunt.
2. Periarthritis of shoulder
Periarthritis of shoulder is the most common occupational disease for drivers, especially drivers over 40 years old. Drivers with scapulohumeral periarthritis can't operate flexibly and accurately because of shoulder pain and limited activities, which is prone to unsafe situations.
Preventive measures: do unarmed gymnastics, do shoulder joint triaxial exercise, and use healthy limbs to drive the affected limbs to practice; Do instrument gymnastics, use gymnastics sticks, dumbbells and shoulder joint comprehensive exercisers to exercise; Do drooping and swinging movements, bend forward to relax the tendons around the shoulder joint, and then do swinging movements inside and outside, back and forth, and around the arms, and the amplitude can be gradually increased until the fingers are swollen or numb.
3. Low back pain
Driving for a long time will not only make people tired, but also cause diseases, especially low back pain. If sedentary people do not strengthen exercise, their back muscles are weak, which will cause lumbar deformation for a long time. The common symptoms are low back pain, weakness and numbness.
Precautions: Minimize vibration. The main cause of the driver's lumbar spondylosis is the vibration generated by the car. It is necessary to avoid the "overdue service" of old cars, replace old and worn parts in time, and carry out regular maintenance on cars.
Maintain the correct driving posture and ensure that the lumbar spine is moderately stressed. When driving, eyes look straight, seat back leans back slightly and seat cushion leans forward slightly. Hips are placed in the included angle between the seat cushion and the backrest, so it is not advisable to move forward during operation.
Do more intermittent rest during continuous driving. Generally speaking, driving time should not be too long, otherwise physical and mental fatigue will not only affect driving safety, but also endanger health. In the process of driving, you can usually stop every two hours to have a rest, which can help muscles to eliminate fatigue and recovery, thus reducing the harm caused by vibration.
4. Vibration sickness
If the driver is affected by vehicle vibration for a long time, it will lead to the decline of nervous system function. For example, conditioned reflex is inhibited, nerve endings are damaged, vibration and pain function are reduced, and adaptability to environmental temperature changes is reduced. Vibration makes palms sweat and nails loose. When the vibration is too strong, some drivers will feel arm fatigue, numbness and decreased grip strength. Over time, it will also cause muscle spasm and atrophy, cause changes in bones and joints, and cause decalcification, local hyperosteogeny or osteoarthritis.
Precautionary measures: In order to prevent vibration, the shock absorber must be carefully maintained, so that it is always in good working condition and the tire pattern is used correctly; When driving a vehicle, it should be smooth and gentle to avoid barbaric operation; Adjust the driver's seat to a suitable position, and it is best to assemble an elastic pad on the seat back to disperse the vibration; When holding the steering wheel, you should use moderate force, and it is best to wear gauze gloves to make the palm indirectly contact with the car to cushion the shock and stimulation.
5. Neck pain and acute neck sprain
The driver sits in the cab for almost several hours or even more than ten hours every day, and his posture is relatively fixed. It is difficult to maintain the correct sitting posture when driving. In the long run, it will cause stiff neck muscles and poor blood supply, which will develop into cervical spondylosis, which will lead to cervical spondylosis. The most common symptoms are neck and shoulder discomfort, pain, stiff neck, dizziness, numbness of upper limbs, palpitation and sweating.
Acute neck sprain is very common among car drivers. The main reasons are: when driving a vehicle or reversing, the neck muscles and fascia are overstretched, resulting in spasms and lacerations; High-speed sudden braking, or sudden refueling at low speed and high speed, under the action of inertial force, the neck muscles have severe convulsions.
Prevention of neck and back pain: First, adjust the driver's seat to make the steering wheel and pedals easy to reach; Sit up straight when driving, with your hips as close as possible to the back of the chair, your upper body straight and your knees slightly bent, but you must not interfere with the steering wheel; Adjust the rearview mirror angle if necessary; When manipulating the steering wheel, your arms should be slightly bent; If the steering wheel is regarded as a clock face, the left hand should be held between 9 o'clock and 10, and the right hand should be held between 2 o'clock and 3 o'clock.
Prevention of acute neck sprain: in order to avoid sudden, hard and excessive torsion of the head and neck, try to observe the situation behind the car with a mirror when reversing; If you really need to twist your head, you should first adjust your sitting posture properly so that the neck will not be excessively twisted, and the continuous twisting time should not be too long; When driving at ordinary times, you should avoid sudden braking and acceleration to prevent neck muscle spasm caused by inconsistent moving speeds of the head and neck and trunk.
6. Deafness and visual fatigue
The operation of motor vehicle engine, the vibration of automobile horn and the objects carried will all produce different intensities of noise. The noise intensity in the cab of some motor vehicles exceeds the specified standard, and horns are heard in some places. Under the long-term "bombardment" of noise, drivers are prone to noise deafness.
Precautions: It is best for drivers to close the windows or play soothing music in the car without disturbing the driving safety.
Drivers are highly focused when driving. Through the front glass, stationary objects such as houses, trees and fields on both sides of the car quickly recede when the wheels roll forward, especially on sunny days with strong sunshine. Once this "dynamic" light wave stimulation is accepted by drivers who have been tired for a long time, it will consume a lot of rhodopsin.
Precautions: drivers should overlook or plant green plants as far as possible after parking to relieve eye fatigue or do eye exercises; Drivers who often drink tea can accelerate the synthesis of rhodopsin, effectively protect their eyesight and play a positive role in ensuring driving safety.
7. Other diseases
Drivers with poor road conditions, especially in traffic jams, are prone to mood swings, irritability, or accidents, making it more difficult to control their emotions, aggravating diseases such as insomnia and anxiety, and easily causing diseases such as high blood pressure. In addition, if the male driver is sedentary, the space is closed and the temperature is high, it will affect the reproductive ability. In addition, drivers will hold their urine for a long time because of inconvenience, which is easy to cause urinary system diseases, such as prostatitis, urinary system infection, functional dysuria and so on.
It should be pointed out that:
Diet and nutrition should be properly adjusted. Drivers consume a lot of energy and physical strength. Therefore, in terms of dietary nutrition, they should give priority to foods with high protein, moderate fat and various vitamins and cellulose, eat more fruits and vegetables, and drink more boiled water or light tea when driving.
Pay attention to the combination of work and rest to prevent overdraft health. Drivers should learn to take time off from work, especially to ensure adequate sleep time every day. In addition to sleeping normally at night, you can also take a nap between loading and unloading during driving.
We should insist on strengthening physical exercise. You can insist on outdoor activities such as running and doing aerobics every morning and evening. Be good at using the time of loading and unloading or waiting for guests to get out of the cab, breathe fresh air, do some activities and relax the spine, waist, joints and limbs.
Drivers should avoid emotional impatience in their work and life, learn to get rid of bad emotions, and always maintain an optimistic, positive and healthy mental state.
For details, you can also log on to China Occupational Disease Network for related inquiries and consultation, so as to know your physical condition and occupational diseases in time.