The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a great historical turning point.
1. Time of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee: 1978.
2008 is the 30th anniversary of the reform and opening-up, and also the 30th anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee.
2. What is the content of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee? Why is it a great turning point in history? )
The meeting resumed the Marxist line.
(2) shift the focus of the work of the party and the state to economic construction.
(3) Deng Xiaoping became the core of the second generation leading collective of China * * * production party.
What is the significance of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee?
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a great turning point in the history of China, and China has entered a new period of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The most striking feature of China in the new era is reform and opening up.
4.① The focus of work established by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee: economic construction.
② Entering a new era: a new era of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
③ The most striking feature of the new period: reform and opening up.
5. The reform began in rural areas, and the household contract responsibility system was implemented in rural areas of China, which was called the great creation of farmers in China. The reform of urban economic system has also been carried out in an all-round way, from a single public ownership economy to a diversified ownership economy with public ownership as the main body.
6. What is the great creation of farmers in China?
Implement the rural household contract responsibility system.
7. What is the role of the household contract responsibility system?
It has greatly mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for production, promoted the rapid development of agricultural production, and quickly solved the problem of food and clothing for China's 6,543.802 billion population.
8. Opening-up is first carried out in coastal areas. Later, a new pattern of all-round opening up was gradually formed.
9. What is the purpose and function of opening to the outside world?
Objective: To absorb foreign capital in various forms, learn advanced foreign technology and management methods, and expand foreign trade. Its fundamental purpose is to develop the economy.
Functions: ① Accelerate the development of China ② Promote economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
③ The people's living standards have improved significantly; (4) comprehensive national strength has been significantly enhanced.
10. When did the reform and opening up begin?
1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held.
1 1. What is the role (significance) of reform and opening up? (Why is it successful? )
It is Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening-up that has enabled China's economy to develop continuously, stably and rapidly, and also enabled China people's living standards to be improved unprecedentedly, and their comprehensive national strength has also been significantly enhanced.
12.20438+0 China's accession to the WTO marks a new stage of China's opening up.
13. What events have had a significant impact on China's opening up?
① The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held from 65438 to 0978 marked the beginning of China's opening to the outside world;
②2006 54 38+0 China's accession to the WTO marks a new stage of China's opening up.
Understand that China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace.
1. China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace.
2. What are the times and events that laid the foundation for China's diplomatic career?
Premier Zhou Enlai put forward five basic principles of peace.
3. The Five Principles of Peace are of great significance and laid the foundation for the diplomatic cause of the new China.
China resumed its lawful seat in the United Nations.
5. When did China's diplomatic activities begin to enter the most active, favorable and active period since the founding of New China?
1978 after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee.
6. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China has made great progress in its foreign policy, put forward a new strategy of not forming an alliance with any big country, and endowed an independent foreign policy with new contents.
7. The new content of an independent foreign policy is a new strategy of not forming an alliance with any big country.
8. The significance of the new strategy: giving new content to the independent foreign policy. China's diplomacy has entered the most active, favorable and active period since the founding of New China.
Topic 2. Peaceful development is the theme of the times (page 34)
1. Peace and development are the themes of today's world.
2. What is the reason why peace has become one of the themes?
After the end of the cold war, the world is developing towards multipolarization. The United States has become the only superpower, and most countries are committed to developing their own economies and generally oppose the establishment of a unipolar world dominated by one country; The voice of the international community for peace is constantly rising, and the power to maintain peace is increasing day by day. Striving for world peace is one of the themes in today's world.
3. The basic situation in today's world: overall peace and local war.
Maintaining lasting peace in the world is related to the well-being of people of all countries and is an irresistible historical trend.
5. An irresistible historical trend: maintaining lasting peace in the world
6. What is the reason why development is another theme in today's world?
Today, the international community is still a world with a big gap between the rich and the poor. Backwardness, poverty, crisis and debt plague people in developing countries, which account for two-thirds of the world's population.
7. The main factors threatening world peace: ① hegemonism, power politics ② terrorism.
8. Causes of terrorism: the product of intertwined contradictions such as territory, nationality, religion and resources.
9. Harm of terrorism: It poses a serious threat to the world political, economic and security situation.
10. The root of the current world turmoil (the most important factor): hegemonism and power politics.
1 1. What are the new manifestations of hegemonism and power politics?
Relying on its economic, scientific and military advantages, superpowers advocate "preemptive strike" and "preventive intervention" in order to compete for and control places with rich strategies and resources in the world.
12. The development problem is also called the North-South problem.
The main reason for the development problems in the world today is the unjust and unreasonable old international economic order.
Other reasons: ① long-term colonial plunder and rule in history (historical reasons)
② War and instability
13. The development problem is highlighted by the relationship between developed and developing countries.
14. the fundamental way to solve the north-south problem (countermeasures): to establish a just and reasonable new international economic order.
Other ways (countermeasures): ① Continue to promote North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation.
(2) Maintain a stable international peace environment and domestic social stability.
15. What kind of internal and external policies should China pursue to build a harmonious world? What is its function?
Internally: focus on economic construction and enhance comprehensive national strength.
Externally: Pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, promote North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation, and play the role of the United Nations.
Function: To create a good external environment for China's modernization.
Topic 3. Building a Sustainable Society (36 -38 pages)
It is our basic national policy to understand the current population situation and its impact on social development and family planning.
1 ... China's current population situation: ① large population, more new population, ② low population quality, ③ aging population.
To this end, we must adhere to the basic national policy of family planning.
3. Specific requirements of family planning: advocate late marriage and childbearing, and have good children.
The basic national policy of family planning aims at controlling the population and improving the quality of the population.
The first task to solve the population problem is to strictly control the population and reduce the birth rate.
6. The key to realize the coordinated development of population, resources, environment and economy is to improve the quality of population.
7. What is the impact of China's population on social development?
Generally speaking, large population, low population quality and aging population will bring heavy pressure to natural, social and economic development.
Key points: ① The population has a great influence: the per capita possession of resources is reduced, which aggravates the resource crisis and environmental deterioration; The increasing employment pressure makes a series of social problems such as transportation, housing and education more prominent; It directly affects the economic development and the improvement of people's living standards in China.
② The influence of low population quality: increasing the difficulty of employment; Weak awareness of environmental protection not only leads to a low degree of resource development and utilization, but also causes certain damage to the environment and affects the sustainable development of China's economy.
(3) The influence of population aging: it increases the economic pressure of pension, welfare and social security, increases the financial expenditure of medical and health undertakings, and brings great pressure to social progress.
8. What is the significance of realizing the family planning policy to the healthy development of our society?
Reduced the birth rate and slowed down the excessive population growth; Improve the cultural quality of the population; Save a lot of resources and funds, and ease the pressure of population on resources and environment; Relieved the pressure brought by the rapid population growth on people's food, clothing, housing, transportation, education, employment and medical care, and improved people's quality of life.
Test center 35. Understand the resource situation in China and its impact on social development, and understand the measures to solve the resource problem.
1. What is the resource status of China? (Besides the abundant total, the other is the resource problem of China. )
① China is rich in natural resources, but its per capita resources are very small, which is the basic feature of China's national conditions of natural resources.
② Uneven distribution of resources
③ The quality of natural resources is not high.
(4) Low resource utilization, serious damage and waste "
2. What are the basic characteristics of China's natural resources?
China is rich in natural resources, but the per capita resources are very small.
3. Characteristics of natural resources: limited quantity
Harm of various problems in resource utilization: further aggravate the shortage of resources.
5. What measures does China have to solve the resource problem?
① Opening up sources and reducing expenditure is an important measure to solve the resource problem.
② Cross-regional allocation is an effective method to solve the problem of unbalanced regional distribution of resources. Such as "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" and "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project"
③ Incorporate resource protection into the legal system.
6. What does "open source" mean?
"Open source" refers to increasing the proven reserves of resources and expanding the scope of resource development.
7. Throttle: Pay attention to saving water, energy and materials.
8. The key to increasing revenue and reducing expenditure lies in science and technology.
9. To solve the resource problem, what is the future development direction of mankind?
Open source (one of the launching purposes of Chang 'e I and Shenzhou VII)
10. What is the role of science and technology in resources?
① Using science and technology to replace non-renewable resources with renewable resources.
② Using science and technology, we can explore new resources and develop new materials.
③ Using science and technology can improve the utilization rate of resources and vigorously develop circular economy.
1 1. What are the hazards of resource problems?
The emergence of resource problems has seriously affected the pace of economic construction in China.
12. What should teenagers do with resources?
(1) Establish the concept of per capita and economy, cherish and save resources and reduce waste.
Abide by the laws and regulations on resources and fight against resource waste according to law.
③ Save water, electricity and land, do not eat wild animals, and do not use disposable chopsticks. (Specific behaviors in daily life)
Test center 36. Understand the main environmental problems in China and their impact on social development, and understand the countermeasures to solve environmental problems.
(1) The current situation of China's environmental problems: the relationship between people and the environment is becoming increasingly tense, and environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent.
1. What two types of environmental problems?
Ecological environment problems and environmental pollution problems.
2. The main eco-environmental problems in China: soil erosion and desertification.
3. The main environmental pollution problems in China: waste gas, waste water and solid waste gas pollution.
4. What is the harm of environmental problems to China's social development?
The essence of environmental problems is development. Ecological destruction and environmental pollution have become important factors that restrict China's economic development, affect social stability and endanger people's health, and become major issues that threaten the survival and development of the Chinese nation.
5. The essence of environmental problems is development.
6. Measures to solve China's environmental problems:
Protecting the environment is a basic national policy of our country.
The main measures to protect the environment: adhere to the policy of putting prevention first, combining prevention with control and comprehensive treatment (China's environmental protection policy), and never repeat the mistake of "pollution first, then treatment" in western countries.
Specific actions:
In the aspect of ecological construction: ① According to the situation of heavy wind and sand and serious soil erosion in some areas, large-scale shelter forest project construction should be carried out according to local conditions.
② Incorporate the prevention and control of desertification into the national economic and social development plan and vigorously carry out the prevention and control of desertification.
(3) Implement projects such as closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to lakes, and returning grazing to grasslands to restore the original appearance of the natural environment.
In the aspect of environmental pollution control: ① Focus on water pollution control of large rivers.
(2) Control air pollution in heavy industrial areas and cities.
7. What should teenagers do on environmental issues?
(1) Improve environmental awareness and environmental legal awareness, and actively promote environmental protection.
(2) Take an active part in environmental protection activities and fight against environmental damage according to law.
(3) take good care of flowers and trees, plant trees and grass, refuse to barbecue in the street or in the open air, and do not burn waste or garbage. (How to do it in daily life)
Test center 37. Understand the relationship between population, resources, environment and development and take the road of sustainable development.
1. Population, resources, environment and development are an interactive and interdependent whole.
2. In the relationship among population, resources, environment and development, population is the key factor.
Population is the key factor: with the growth of population and economic development, the demand for natural resources is increasing, leading to resource shortage; The waste discharged by human beings has gradually exceeded the self-purification ability of the natural environment, causing environmental pollution and ultimately affecting the sustainable development of the economy. It can be seen that population changes will lead to a series of changes including resources, environment, economic development and social changes.
3. Natural resources are the basic conditions (status, role) for human beings to settle down and live. Human beings are closely related to natural resources. (relationship)
4. The natural environment is the material basis for human survival and development. (status, role)
When the relationship between human beings and the natural environment is harmonious, the whole ecosystem develops in balance, and the environment for human life, survival and development is superior; Otherwise, it will restrict human life, survival and development.
5. The concept of sustainable development: it not only meets the needs of contemporary people, but also does not harm the development of future generations' ability to meet their needs.
6. What is the consciousness that human beings should establish in sustainable development? What are the requirements for human beings? )
Sustainable development requires people to live in harmony with nature, realize their responsibilities to nature, society and future generations, and protect the resources and environmental foundation necessary for human survival and development with high moral standards. Human beings should coordinate the relationship among population, resources, environment and development, and pursue development without harming the interests of others and future generations.
7. To achieve sustainable development, we need to follow three basic principles:
① The meaning of the principle of fairness: including the fairness between generations, between generations, between people and other people, and between different countries and regions.
② The meaning of the principle of sustainability: human economic activities and social development must be kept within the carrying capacity of resources and environment.
3 * * * Meaning of the same-sex principle: Many regional issues often turn into global issues, requiring
Local decision-making and actions should help to achieve overall global coordination.
8. In China, sustainable development is moving from concept to practice.
(1) The China Municipal Government promulgated the "China 2 1 Century Agenda-21Century China White Paper on Population, Environment and Development", and put forward the overall strategy for China to implement sustainable development.
② Not only actively explore the road of sustainable development with China characteristics, but also actively participate in international cooperation to solve global environmental problems. (Strategy moves from concept to practice, and China has made concrete efforts in two aspects. )
③ In China, sustainable development is moving from concept to practice. Teenagers should establish a sense of sustainable development and make their own contributions to building a sustainable society through their own actions.
9. Facing the national conditions of population, resources and environment, what should China do?
In the whole process of modernization, we must implement the strategy of sustainable development and strive to build our country into a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. (To build two types of society)
(2) Promote the coordination between man and nature, push the whole society to take the road of civilized development of production development, affluent life and good ecology, and promote the construction of ecological civilization.
10. What is the road to civilized development?
A civilized development path with developed production, affluent life and good ecology.
Topic 4. Socialist market economy and regional economy (40 pages)
Test center 38. Understand the "invisible hand" and "visible hand" in modern market economy.
1. The invisible hand refers to the signal transmitted by the market through price, guiding producers, operators and consumers to change their plans in time and spontaneously adjusting the distribution of people, money and things within the social scope (that is, market regulation).
2. Visible Fingers The government regulates the market economy.
3. What should we pay attention to when using the "invisible hand" under the condition of market economy?
Under the condition of market economy, only by following the laws of market economy and consciously using the "invisible hand" can the economy develop healthily.
4. What is the role of macro-control? (The necessity of macro-control)
The necessary government intervention and macro-control can make up for the lack of market regulation, thus promoting the healthy development of the economy.
5. What is the function of market mechanism?
It can automatically organize and coordinate the economic activities of the whole society and optimize the allocation of resources.
6. What is the position and role of market regulation in resource allocation?
Market regulation plays a fundamental role in resource allocation. It spontaneously regulates the distribution of people, money and things within the social scope.
Test center 39. Understand the principle of "local conditions and complementary advantages" in regional economic development.
1 ... the principle of developing regional economy in China: adjust measures to local conditions and complement each other's advantages (between the two places)
Develop advantageous industries according to local conditions (local)
2. Why should we develop the economy according to local conditions?
China has a vast territory, and there are great differences in natural environment, resource conditions, social history and cultural background in different regions.
3. How to develop regional economy according to local conditions? What should we do first to develop regional economy? )
To develop regional economy, we must first analyze the conditions, leading factors and superior products of regional development, so as to make the economy develop healthily.
4. What is the role of developing regional economy according to local conditions and vigorously developing trade activities?
Background: In the modern market economy, each region will have its own resource characteristics and famous products, and the content of trade will become richer and richer, and the market scale will become larger and larger.
Function: Developing regional economy according to local conditions and vigorously developing trade activities can enable people to fully produce their own advantageous industries and enable all localities to enjoy more and richer products.
5. What is the regional distribution of various resources in China?
① The western region is rich in energy resources and has the advantage of developing energy industry;
(2) The eastern region has a good industrial and transportation foundation, and is rich in talents, technology and funds. It is the most economically developed region in China;
The south is rich in precipitation, humid air and water resources, and many places are land of plenty.
④ There is little precipitation, dry air and little water resources in the north, which is suitable for developing dry farming.
Theme 5. Living in the international community
Test center 40. Understand the three basic characteristics of today's international society.
1. What are the three basic characteristics of the international community today?
① Economic globalization, ② multipolarization of international pattern and ③ cultural diversity.
2. Globalization is manifested in the globalization of production, circulation and consumption.
3. Cultural diversity: (Meaning) Every nation in the world has its own unique cultural form and personality.
What is the process? The process of globalization is inevitably a process in which different cultures coexist and enjoy cultural achievements.
4. What is the role of cultural diversity?
Cultural diversity is the foundation of cultural exchange, the driving force of cultural development and the important driving force for the world to be full of vitality and continuous progress.
Test site 4 1. Understand China's world cultural heritage.
1. What are the world cultural heritages in China?
Beijing: The Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Great Wall, the Temple of Heaven and Zhoukoudian "Peking Man" sites. Shanxi: Pingyao Ancient City, Yungang Grottoes, chengde mountain resort and its surrounding temples, Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, Suzhou Classical Gardens in Jiangsu, Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit in Shaanxi, Dazu Stone Carvings in Chongqing, Wudang Ancient Buildings in Hubei, Potala Palace in Tibet (Jokhang Temple, Norbulingka), Longmen Grottoes in Henan, imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties (Ming Mausoleum, Qing Dongling, Qing Xiling, Shengjing Sanling, Ming Tombs, Ming Tombs).
Test center 42. Understand the roles of EU, WTO and UN.
1. EU: It is the most integrated regional political and economic group organization in the world today.
Impact: Its rise is conducive to multi-polarization of the world.
2. United Nations
Definition: It is the largest international organization in the world today, and it is the place where the world rules are formulated in today's multipolar world.
Facing the multipolarization of the world, the United Nations is the most extensive and authoritative in formulating the rules of international relations.
3. The historical origin of the United Nations:
The United Nations is the product of the victory of the world people's anti-fascist war.
(2) 1945, China, the Soviet union, the United States, Britain and other more than 50 countries held a United nations constitutional convention in San Francisco, and the United nations charter came into effect on June 24, 1945. This day became the birthday of the United Nations.
Up to now, there are more than 190 member countries.
4. Date of birth of the United Nations:1945 65438+124 October.
The purpose of the United Nations is to maintain world peace and security and promote international cooperation and development.
6. What are the principles of the United Nations?
All member States are sovereign equals, fulfill their obligations under the Charter, settle international disputes by peaceful means, prohibit the threat or use of force against other countries, cooperate collectively, and ensure that non-member States abide by the above principles and do not interfere in the internal affairs of any country.
7. What role did the United Nations play?
Peace: maintaining world peace and security, easing international tensions and resolving regional conflicts.
Development: promoting the social and economic development of all countries.
China is a permanent member of the United Nations. Actively participating in the activities of the United Nations and its specialized agencies that are conducive to world peace and development has made important contributions to the cause of the United Nations. (How does China contribute)
9. World Trade Organization
Definition: "In the face of economic globalization, the' rules of the game' formulated by the World Trade Organization are the current world.
The most widely used and authoritative rules in the market.
Some people call the World Trade Organization the economic United Nations,
③ Its basic functions: formulating multilateral trade rules and supervising their implementation, organizing multilateral trade negotiations and resolving trade disputes among members.
What is the role of the World Trade Organization?
It has greatly reduced the level of import tariffs worldwide and promoted the development of international trade. It stipulates the basic principles of international trade and promotes the orderly conduct of international trade.
10. China joined the World Trade Organization in February 2006.
It marks a new stage of China's opening to the outside world.
1 1. What is the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization?
Joining the WTO is beneficial to the economic development of China, and it also brings great responsibilities and challenges to the government and people of China. (both advantages and disadvantages)