1, dietary precautions for coronary heart disease
(1) Control the total calories and maintain normal weight.
The proportion of sugar in total calories should be controlled at 60% to 70%. It is advisable to eat more coarse grains and increase the content of complex carbohydrate, cellulose and vitamins. Monosaccharide and disaccharide should be properly controlled, so eat less sweets, especially those with hyperlipidemia and obesity.
(2) limit fat.
The intake of fat should be limited to less than 30% of total calories, mainly plant fat. Eat lean meat, poultry and fish properly. Scientific research has found that the fat of marine fish contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can affect human lipid metabolism and reduce serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein, thus protecting the cardiovascular system and preventing coronary heart disease. It can be seen that eating more marine fish is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Cholesterol intake should be controlled in diet. The intake of cholesterol should be below 300 mg per day, and the cholesterol of an egg is close to 300 mg. When suffering from coronary heart disease, the intake of eggs should be controlled, and it is advisable to have half an egg every day or one egg every two days. Don't eat several eggs a day. If you eat a few eggs, you can only eat the egg white, throw away the yolk inside or make fertilizer. Don't feel reluctant to waste. Eating it will do more harm to patients with coronary heart disease than throwing it away. Patients with coronary heart disease are mainly middle-aged and elderly people, and most of these people in China have experienced economic difficulties. It is not easy to do this. Some elderly people are afraid of wasting a few mouthfuls, have high blood lipids and take a lot of lipid-lowering drugs, which is actually not desirable. Because dietotherapy and lifestyle improvement are the basis of treatment, we can't give up everything. Whole milk, cream, fat pork, fat mutton, fat beef, liver, viscera, butter, lard, butter, sheep oil and coconut oil should be avoided or used less.
(3) protein is appropriate.
Protein is an essential nutrient to maintain the heart, which can enhance the resistance, but excessive intake of protein is not good for coronary heart disease. Because protein is not easy to digest, it will speed up metabolism and increase the burden on the heart. Some scholars have observed that excessive intake of animal protein will increase the incidence of coronary heart disease. So protein wants the right amount. The content of protein in daily food should be per kilogram of body weight 1g, and milk, yogurt, fish and bean products should be selected, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.
(4) The diet should be light and low in salt.
It is especially important for patients with hypertension, and the salt intake is controlled below 5 grams per day. Can be appropriately increased or decreased with seasonal activities. For example, if you sweat more in summer and have more outdoor activities, you can appropriately increase your salt intake. In winter, sweating is less, and activities are correspondingly reduced. It is necessary to control salt intake. For salt control, the population in the north is more important. According to the survey, the average daily salt intake of the northern population is more than 15g. For people with long-term high salt intake, it is not easy to limit salt. Personally, I am slightly fat because my energy is not as good as before. For the sake of health, I successfully lost weight 15 kg in five months, basically reaching my ideal weight, and my energy was much better. Although we have been concerned about the high-salt diet for many years, we have not been able to get rid of it for a long time. Estimated at least10g per day. We doctors are still like this, and it may be more difficult for patients to do it.
(5) Eat more protective food.
Such as onion, garlic, alfalfa, fungus, kelp, mushrooms, seaweed and so on. Many patients have asked me about health care products. I haven't studied them and dare not comment. But taking history as a mirror, we can know that almost no emperors in ancient times did not eat health care products, all of which were provided by imperial doctors. At that time, there was no pollution or adulteration (at least the emperor didn't eat it), but few emperors lived long, and their average life expectancy was lower than that of ordinary people. Modern science has contributed to human health and longevity. China's average life expectancy is 7 1 year, while Japan's is over 80 years old. Still believe that science is more reliable.
(6) Supplementing sufficient vitamins, inorganic salts and trace elements.
Eating more vegetables and fruits is good for the heart. Vegetables and fruits are indispensable foods in human diet, which are rich in vitamin C, inorganic salts, cellulose and pectin. All green vegetables or yellow fruits and vegetables contain more carotene, which has antioxidant effect. Vitamin C can affect myocardial metabolism, increase vascular toughness and increase vascular elasticity. A large dose of vitamin C can oxidize cholesterol into cholic acid and excrete it. Kiwi, citrus, lemon and purple eggplant are rich in vitamin C, so eat more foods with more vitamin C.
(7) Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, strong tea and coffee.
Patients with coronary heart disease should quit smoking, reduce drinking, and avoid drinking when complicated with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Strong tea and coffee can excite sympathetic nerves and increase the incidence of cardiovascular events, which should be reduced or avoided appropriately.
So much for the question "What is the dietary principle of coronary heart disease". Patients with coronary heart disease need to pay great attention to diet. Through good diet and scientific treatment, coronary heart disease can be well controlled and even cured. At the end of the article, Bian Xiao wants to wish all patients with coronary heart disease a speedy recovery and a healthy life!
2. What are the symptoms of coronary heart disease?
(1) When you are tired or nervous, you suddenly have pain behind the sternum or left chest, and the pain position is vague. You may be accompanied by sweating or pain and radiate it to your shoulders, arms or neck for 3-5 minutes, and then relieve yourself after rest. This is the most important symptom of coronary heart disease.
(2) Palpitation, shortness of breath and dyspnea during physical activity.
(3) Feeling palpitation and chest tightness when having a full meal, being afraid of cold, watching thrilling movies or TV.
(4) In public places or gathering places, or when going upstairs to climb mountains, it is easier to feel chest tightness, palpitations, poor breathing and insufficient air than before.
(5) At night, the pillow is low and you feel suffocated, so you need a high pillow position. Suddenly wake up in a deep sleep or nightmare, feeling palpitations, chest tightness and poor breathing, and need to sit up to get better.
(6) Feel heartbeat, shortness of breath, chest tightness or chest pain during sexual life or forced defecation.
(7) Recurrent left shoulder pain, which cannot be relieved by general treatment.
(8) Recurrent irregular pulse, tachycardia or bradycardia.
Other related symptoms of coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, especially those with tight working environment and insufficient physical labor. The onset age of women is later than that of men. At present, the incidence of myocardial infarction is getting younger and younger, and some people even have myocardial infarction at the age of 30, which deserves clinical attention. The following reports four situations related to the onset of coronary heart disease for reference.
(1) Earlobe fold: There is one more fold in the earlobe of patients with coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease will involve systemic arterioles and cause microcirculation disturbance. As the terminal part, the earlobe is easily affected by ischemia and hypoxia, which leads to local contraction and wrinkles.
(2) Corneal senile ring: The cornea of some elderly people (commonly known as "dark circles") has a gray-white or white turbid ring ("white eyes") near the sclera, with a width of 1 ~ 2mm, which is medically called corneal senile ring. Senile plaque is a signal of arteriosclerosis in the elderly, which can be used as one of the signs of clinical diagnosis of arteriosclerosis. Almost all patients with senile plaque have different degrees of arteriosclerosis, and most elderly people with arteriosclerosis have senile plaque.
(3) Impotence: Impotence may be one of the early signs of heart disease. The incidence of impotence in patients with heart disease is higher than that in healthy people, and the incidence of complete impotence can reach about 20%.