There are many methods for hazard identification. The basic methods are: interview, on-site observation, consulting relevant records, obtaining external information, task analysis, safety checklist, hazard and operability research, event tree analysis and fault tree analysis. These methods all have their own scope of application or limitations. In the process of identifying hazards, it is often impossible to completely identify the existing hazards by using one method, and two or more methods can be used comprehensively.
(2) The requirements of "three, three and seven" should be considered in hazard identification.
The so-called "337" refers to three states, three tenses and seven aspects. Three states: normal, abnormal and urgent; Three tenses: past, present and future; Seven categories (safety): mechanical energy, electrical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, radioactivity, biological factors and ergonomic factors (physiological and psychological).
(3) Several aspects that should be paid attention to in hazard identification.
1. Occupational hazards existing in the construction technology: By analyzing the composition of the construction technology, we can understand the operation source of harmful factors and the nature and characteristics of harmful factors. Different characteristics of construction technology have great differences in occupational hazards. For example: sulfur anchoring technology in railway engineering, asphalt paving technology in highway pavement engineering, blasting technology in earthwork or tunnel construction and so on.
2. Hazards of operators: Under the condition of contact with similar harmful environmental (material) factors, the operation mode has great influence on the risk of occupational hazards. Mechanized or semi-mechanized construction should be considered as far as possible, and operators should be equipped with special labor protection articles to reduce the injury to personnel.
3. Occupational hazard factors in the working environment: Under the same working mode, due to different materials and environmental conditions, the hazards to human body are quite different. On the one hand, it is necessary to identify the types of hazard factors, including chemical factors, physical factors and biological factors. On the other hand, it is necessary to determine the existing form, distribution characteristics, diffusion characteristics, composition, concentration or intensity of each hazard factor. In addition, the causes of occurrence and change of hazard factors should be analyzed in order to formulate protective countermeasures.
4. Frequency or time of workers' exposure to harmful factors: Under the conditions of similar production methods and the same environmental factors (substances), the degree of occupational hazards mainly depends on the exposure time of workers.
5. Labor organization: Some hazards are caused by unreasonable labor organization, such as long working hours. Through labor organization, we can also understand the impact of occupational hazards on human health, such as the number of people exposed to dust and poison, gender characteristics, age structure, behavioral characteristics and so on.
6. Occupational health protection facilities: define the configuration of protection facilities, whether they are equipped with labor health protection articles, and implement ventilation, dust removal, purification and noise control. , and the coverage of effective protective equipment in multi-station workplaces; The operation of protection facilities, such as whether the equipment can operate normally and what are the operation parameters; Protective effects, such as whether dust collection and toxic air hood are intact and effective, whether the gate is flexible and reliable without leakage, and whether the purification effect, noise elimination and isolation are effective.