1 Do a good job in entrance education
Patients with cerebral infarction may have brain dysfunction, limb hemiplegia, facial paralysis, tongue paralysis and aphasia. Orientation disorder, cognitive decline of time and people. Emotional disorders may also occur, some of which are anxiety, sentimentality and irritability; Some are depressed, depressed and pessimistic. (1) After admission, patients should be warmly received and well educated. Introduce nurses in charge, doctors in charge, departments, medical working hours, hospitalization rules and hospitalization environment to patients. Tell the patient that if he has any discomfort or requirements, he can seek medical treatment, and we will help him solve it as soon as possible. Introduce the nature of the disease and treatment plan to patients. Encouraging patients to cheer up and actively cooperate with the treatment will certainly achieve good results. Let patients fully trust medical staff and have a sense of trust. (2) In the conversation with patients, we should respect patients, sympathize with patients, care about patients, establish a good nurse-patient relationship, provide a relaxed environment for patients, help patients adapt to hospital life as soon as possible, and feel free to seek medical treatment.
2 psychological guidance
(1) Through contact and conversation with patients, we can master the patients' age, education level, life experience, social background, economic situation, family situation, psychological reaction and emotional state. (2) According to the patient's psychological reaction, analyze the patient's psychological needs and do psychological care well. Let patients know that psychological factors will play an important role in the prognosis and rehabilitation of the disease. Help patients to reduce and overcome negative pessimism, maintain a good mood, and work closely with medical staff with a positive, positive and healthy attitude to overcome the disease.
3 give dietary guidance
Cerebral infarction is mostly over 50 years old, and arteriosclerosis is often accompanied by hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes. Therefore, it is very important to guide patients' diet. (1) Educate patients about the importance of a reasonable diet. Adopt a diet low in fat, salt, cholesterol and vitamins. Eat less animal fat, sweets and foods with high cholesterol. Eat more light food, fresh vegetables, fruits, bean products, fish and shrimp. (2) Encourage patients to drink more water and drink tea properly. Pay attention to drink a glass of water before exercise after getting up in the morning to reduce blood viscosity and promote blood circulation. (3) Instruct patients to eat regularly, avoid overeating or excessive hunger, and develop good eating habits. (4) Inform patients to quit smoking and drinking, so as not to cause changes in blood vessels, leading to an increase in blood pressure, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease.
4 rest, activity guidance
(1) In acute phase, instruct patients to stay in bed, and supine position is appropriate to ensure cerebral blood flow supply and alleviate cerebral ischemia. (2) Maintain the functional position of paralyzed limbs and help patients to do passive movements of affected limbs and joints. (3) After the condition is stable, encourage patients to do active exercise. Get out of bed as soon as possible, give training guidance from aspects of getting up, balance of the affected limb, standing and walking, and gradually increase the range and frequency of activities, which will eventually help train the affected limb to get exercise, which is conducive to the recovery of function.
5. Guidelines for therapeutic drugs
(1) According to patients' different needs and understanding ability, give targeted and rational drug use guidance to patients. Tell patients the indications, contraindications, dosage, usage, side effects and precautions of the drugs used. Make patients know fairly well and actively cooperate with the treatment. (2) In the treatment of patients with cerebral infarction, low molecular dextran is often used to reduce blood viscosity and improve microcirculation. During the medication, tell patients that a few people may have allergic reactions, and if there is fever or rash, we will deal with it in time. (3) The use of citicoline can promote the recovery of brain function and limb function. In use, it can
Side effects such as rash and blood pressure drop may occur. If you feel sick, you need to tell me in time. (4) Long-term use of aspirin can cause gastrointestinal reactions or ulcers, and patients should be informed to take it after meals. If there are ecchymosis, nosebleed, gingival bleeding or stomach bleeding during medication, please feedback the information to the medical staff in time so as to adjust the medication. (5) When using antihypertensive drugs or hypoglycemic drugs, you should take them regularly and quantitatively according to the doctor's advice, and you should not go your own way, so as not to affect the therapeutic effect.
6 discharge guidance
(1) instruct patients to keep good living habits, work and rest regularly, and ensure adequate sleep. Insist on proper exercise and physical exercise, and choose activities that you are interested in and can do physically, such as walking, dancing, Tai Ji Chuan, etc. Avoid overwork. (2) Pay attention to keep a happy mood and a stable mood, and avoid being too excited and nervous. (3) Reasonably arrange diet, control fat intake, choose light food with more crude fiber and control weight. (4) Rehabilitation exercise: Physical function exercise of patients with cerebral infarction is a long-term exercise process, and action training should be carried out in daily life as much as possible. Such as: holding the ball, knitting wool, picking beans, counting beads, writing, outdoor activities and so on. To promote the recovery of patients' limb function and self-care ability. Language function training: instruct patients to do tongue movements persistently, learn pronunciation, and use pictures, word cards and other methods to strengthen the language function training of patients and promote language recovery. (5) Make it clear to the patient: Go to the hospital regularly to check blood sugar, blood lipid and blood pressure. Actively treat the primary disease, adhere to correct medication, and prevent the recurrence of cerebral infarction. (6) Instruct patients to pay attention to early detection of foreboding of cerebral ischemia. If you have finger numbness, short-term blindness or short-term difficulty in speaking, dizziness, gait instability and other phenomena. They should go to the hospital for examination immediately so as to deal with it as soon as possible. In short, health education and guidance for patients with cerebral infarction should be based on the needs of patients at different stages of the disease. Patients with cerebral infarction often suffer from cerebral arteriosclerosis and vascular dementia, and their understanding and memory decline. They often can't remember after receiving education. Nurses need love and patience for patients, give lectures repeatedly, strengthen patients' memory and guide them step by step, so as to achieve the expected effect.