ordinary care
3. 1 Emotional changes, first let patients know that hypertension is a chronic disease. In addition to treatment, they should also establish an optimistic spirit. Life is not easy to get excited, angry, depressed and sad. Counseling should be adopted to alleviate the patients' bad psychological state of fear, inferiority and loneliness, and establish confidence in overcoming the disease.
3.2 Closely observe the changes of blood pressure and heart rate, weigh them regularly, and measure blood pressure twice every morning and evening and record them (before getting up in the morning and after sleeping for 20 minutes at night).
3.3 Adjust the patient's diet. For patients with hypertension, mainly adhering to a low-sodium diet can lower blood pressure, increase the antihypertensive effect of diuretics (drugs for treating hypertension), and reduce the low-potassium reaction of diuretics. Generally, the amount of salt is 5-6g per day. For obese people, the total calorie and fat diet should be restricted, and the daily fat should not exceed 30-40g, and activities should be appropriately increased to reduce weight and heart load. Also avoid irritating food, avoid alcohol, tobacco, spicy, greasy and too sweet food, avoid drinking a lot of water, eat a little more, and don't be too full. Usually increase the intake of vegetables, fruits and high-fiber foods.
3.4 Combine work and rest, ensure adequate rest and sleep, encourage patients to participate in physical labor and physical labor within their power, and insist on physical exercise such as walking, Tai Ji Chuan and gymnastics.
3.5 Pay attention to psychological care, strengthen health education, and explain common sense of hypertension to patients in a targeted manner. For those who are worried about the disease, it shows that hypertension is a controllable disease. As long as their blood pressure is effectively controlled, they can live a long and healthy life and reduce their worries. Those who don't pay attention to the condition and don't want to take medicine for a long time should explain the harm of hypertension and its complications. The complications of hypertension mainly include cerebrovascular disease, hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease and uremia. Therefore, we should pay attention to observation and prevention at ordinary times, such as observing whether there are symptoms of heart damage such as dyspnea, cough, frothy sputum and sudden sternal pain; Observe the change of urine volume, the ratio of urine volume between day and night, edema, refer to renal function examination such as serum creatinine, and find renal insufficiency as soon as possible. In addition, it is necessary to review the clinic regularly and let him take the initiative to cooperate with the medication.