According to the health intention of the World Health Organization, how to understand health rehabilitation?

You can refer to the following online excerpts: Health World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as: "Health is a complete state of physical, psychological and social adaptation, which means not only that there are no diseases and defects in the body, but also good personality adaptation." Health includes physical health and mental health. Physical health refers to the state that the physiological function of the body is normal, the clinical examination results are within the normal range, and the chief complaint is no abnormal feeling, which can be judged by physical examination and personal feeling. Mental health involves cognition, emotion, will, needs, personality and other aspects of psychology, and it is a multi-latitude and multi-level compound feeling. Although there are many opinions about the standards of mental health, their similarities are as follows: (1) It focuses on all aspects of psychological activities and personality psychology; (2) Pay attention to the comprehensive performance of mental health, such as interpersonal adaptation and attitude towards life; (3) Emphasize the age correlation of indicators. However, there are some problems in the existing standards: (1) ignores the cultural relativity of mental health. Under different political systems, economic development levels, cultural traditions and values, health standards should be different. (2) The standard is too high. If the actual performance of ordinary people is compared with health standards, most people may be classified as mentally unhealthy. (3) There is no quantitative index, vague expression and lack of operability. This increases the subjectivity of defining mental health, and may confuse health problems with moral problems. (4) The standard is out of date, lacking indicators reflecting the modern lifestyle, such as the self-adjustment ability to pressure and failure, and the ability to choose and adapt in a multicultural environment. 1 healthy behavior refers to all behaviors that maintain and improve physical and mental health and prevent diseases. Health behaviors are divided into three aspects: (1) all actions taken to prevent diseases such as ensuring healthy eating and sleeping; (2) Actively seek medical treatment when injured or unwell; (3) Treatment or recuperation for recovery. That is, healthy behavior includes not only the prevention and treatment of diseases, but also a happy family life and a colorful social life. The main influencing factors of health behavior are: social factors such as study or reinforcement, demonstration, social norms, physical factors such as old age or genetic quality, emotional factors such as tension, anxiety and depression, symptom perception such as pain and fatigue, and health beliefs of myself and health experts, among which personal health beliefs are the most critical. There are many theoretical explanations for the formation of healthy behavior, all of which emphasize the influence of cognitive factors such as self-efficacy, outcome expectation, attitude towards social expectation and health belief on healthy behavior, including: (1) cognition of the possibility and risk of illness; (2) Cognition and expectation of the effectiveness of disease prevention behavior; (3) Cognition of individual behavior persistence (self-efficacy); (4) Comparative cognition of benefits and costs of healthy behavior. Health maintenance includes three-level prevention, and the first-level prevention refers to general health promotion activities to avoid diseases and unhealthy conditions, including public health activities such as vaccination of infectious diseases, garbage and public health management, occupational safety, and the formation of healthy habits (good food, clothing, housing and transportation conditions, rest, regular health examination and health education). Secondary prevention refers to the early detection and treatment of diseases, including controlling the development of diseases and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Tertiary prevention refers to consolidating the therapeutic effect, preventing the recurrence of diseases and avoiding falling into maladjustment in life, such as providing life guidance and psychological services for postoperative patients, guiding the living habits of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, and conducting social regression training for patients with mild mental disorders. The above three levels of prevention are three stages of a work process. Primary prevention is to strengthen health awareness and help people form healthy living habits through health knowledge popularization and health behavior guidance. Many chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, etc., are called lifestyle diseases and are closely related to bad lifestyles. In order to form good habits, early education is very important. Adults should repeatedly strengthen their understanding of harmful behaviors such as smoking, excessive drinking and bad eating habits, and should conceptualize health knowledge and habituate health behaviors in early childhood. In recent years, life skills training has been paid more and more attention in the field of health education. The acquisition of life skills is very important for children to develop healthy habits and prevent smoking, drinking and unhealthy sexual behavior. Life skills include specific skills, such as determination, problem solving, creative thinking, goal setting, effective communication, self-awareness, sensitivity and emotional adjustment. 2 Habits and Diseases Japanese scholar Nichinohara said in the article "Health comes from habits, and diseases also come from habits": Birds can't change the way of flying, mammals can't change the way of crawling and running, but humans can change their lifestyles, and changing their lifestyles day by day can form new living habits. New living habits can be decided by people themselves, and a new self can be shaped through intention and efforts to adhere to new behaviors, which is the fundamental difference between people and animals. Good living habits include "exercise, nutrition intake, sleep", "safety, accident prevention", "quitting smoking, avoiding excessive drinking", "healthy sexual behavior" and all other life behaviors related to improving health and preventing diseases. Lifestyle disease refers to the whole process of disease occurrence, development and treatment, which is related to lifestyle habits such as eating habits, exercise habits, rest, smoking and drinking. It also includes diseases that can be prevented by changing living habits, mainly including cancer, heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, diabetes, kidney disease and so on. The formation of good living habits is closely related to psychological factors such as cognition, motivation, attitude, emotion, personality, values and study, so psychological consultation is an important auxiliary means for clinical treatment of living habits diseases. After the mid-1980s, the death rate of cancer in Japan surpassed that of cerebrovascular diseases, and it showed an upward trend. There are many inducing factors of cancer, and the relationship is complicated. Besides genetic factors, infectious disease complications and social psychological factors, there are also lifestyle factors. The Cancer Prevention Steering Review Committee of Japan Cancer Epidemiology Research Association summarized the relationship between various life behaviors and the occurrence and prevention of cancer: smoking, excessive drinking, excessive salt and insufficient exercise are the risk factors of cancer, and vegetables and fruits, especially yellow-green vegetables, are the prevention factors of cancer; The relationship between psychological factors such as mood and mood and cancer has long been recorded. The ancient Greek doctor Gai said in the book Oncology that women with black bile (that is, depressed type) are prone to cancer. From the middle ages to modern medicine, the description of cancer patients is roughly as follows: suffering huge loss of life, pessimism, despair and so on. Immunological research after the 20th century found that people who are depressed, difficult to express their opinions and prone to depression are prone to cancer. The death of spouse, apathy, despair and loneliness are the "catalysts" of cancer. Studies have confirmed that psychological factors generally act on cancer and other diseases through two paths, one is the path of nervous system, endocrine system and immune system. Animal experiments and human blood tests show that long-term stress, fear and anxiety lead to excessive secretion of paraadrenocortical hormone, thymus atrophy, decreased lymphocyte number and decreased lymphocyte immune activity, which leads to an increase in cancer incidence. Secondly, lifestyle factors, such as smoking, drinking, obesity and excessive sexual behavior, account for 3/4 of the causes of cancer. With the development of medicine, more and more patients recover from chronic diseases, especially cancer, but the sequelae after operation are difficult to eliminate, including incurable patients. In order not to increase the family burden and family pain, they often can endure great physical pain but cannot endure strong mental pain. In order to help them regain their confidence in life and courage to face diseases, stimulate their "awareness of fighting diseases", provide spiritual support and emotional care, and carry out social rehabilitation training is very important. 3 Medical care service and social support Medical care service is a health service jointly carried out by social public service departments and professional institutions, and its purpose is to maintain the physical and mental health of community residents, prevent and treat various diseases, and help patients adapt to social life again. The contents of health services include disease prevention, early detection and treatment, nursing and nursing, social rehabilitation training, psychological diagnosis, psychotherapy and consultation, stress management, health education and incentive activities. The staff mainly include doctors and nurses, medical staff, pharmacists, masseurs, psychological counselors, social workers, family nurses, nutritionists and so on. , involving medical care, nursing, social welfare and other fields, including health-related administrative departments, management departments and decision-making departments. This is a systematic comprehensive health care work. Service places and clients include hospitals, medical and health institutions, social welfare institutions, special care centers, mental health care centers, children's psychological referral centers, health clinics in schools or enterprises, and family health care support centers. Professionals in clinical psychology or consulting psychology and health psychology have played an important role in health service institutions in developed countries. Their work mainly includes: pathological behavior correction, psychotherapy, psychological response to chronic diseases, psychological counseling and clinical treatment. Social support refers to material or spiritual help from family, spouse, friends, experts and other individuals or organizations. The initial research on the relationship between social support system and health and life expectancy was a 9-year follow-up survey conducted by American scholar Burke in 1979. The respondents were 4,700 people aged between 30 and 69. Compare their life expectancy according to the breadth and quality of their social relations (whether they are married, the communication density with family and friends, whether they have church organizations and whether they belong to groups). The results show that regardless of gender and age, the more social relationships they have. It is found that family, friendship and social guidance are very important in times of major crisis, and interpersonal atmosphere and cohesion in the region are important supports for residents' mental health. Social support system has a direct or indirect impact on anxiety, depression, loneliness, powerlessness and work stress, as well as the morbidity and mortality of various mental diseases, chronic diseases and cancers. , and is closely related to happiness, survival value and quality of life, especially for seriously ill patients or patients with severe mental depression, social support system itself is a treatment means, which has a significant role in promoting clinical treatment results. In the questionnaire survey on the structure of social relations, most respondents put family, spouse and friends in the inner circle, which shows that family and friendship are important social support forces. Similarly, when an individual is diagnosed with a serious disease, people in the inner layer of the social relationship structure are also under the greatest pressure. It is found that the consideration and care of family members or attending doctors of cancer patients is related to the natural recovery of cancer, which is one of the reasons for the conversion of symptoms. The family members of cancer patients often have great mental anxiety after learning the diagnosis results of their loved ones, so they are called "secondary patients". A questionnaire survey by Japanese scholars found that 4%~ 10% of the husbands and children of breast cancer patients had inexplicable anxiety and depression. Therefore, in order to control the patient's condition, European and American countries have health intervention programs for the family members of cancer patients. Although there is a general understanding of the relationship between social support and disease treatment in China, the psychological pain of family members or survivors has not been paid enough attention and is often underestimated. With the implementation of family planning policy and the change of birth concept, the population in some areas of China has experienced negative growth and entered the stage of aging society. Physical and mental health care and life guidance for the elderly and life assistance for Alzheimer's patients are urgent problems to be solved. With the increase of age, lifestyle diseases such as cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes are also increasing. Therefore, it is urgent for China to establish an effective health service system, especially the psychological consultation and spiritual support for patients with chronic diseases such as cancer can not meet the actual needs. In order to help people in a state of health crisis, we should establish a health service system that combines profit and non-profit, medical care and psychological counseling, and comprehensive service personnel and professional medical personnel. We should establish the concept of health maintenance in the whole society, help people choose a healthy lifestyle, and build a complete and smooth health service system and social support system as soon as possible.