A case of mental health education for senior high school students 1
I. Cases:
Xiao Min, male. students of grade 2 in senior high school
Xiao Min is withdrawn and introverted, but also shows great inferiority. He never takes the initiative and is unwilling to communicate with his classmates around him. He felt that his classmates looked down on him, a classmate who came from the countryside to study in the city. He was afraid that his classmates would laugh at him, because he had a pair of parents who were old enough to be grandparents. He was afraid to ask questions he couldn't, for fear that the teacher would laugh at him! But at the same time, he is also eager to integrate into the class group and want to prove himself with good grades. He also worked hard in his studies, but his grades never improved, which undoubtedly made him feel more inferior. In front of him, the voice is very small, even the walking posture is very stiff!
After talking with family, teachers and classmates, I also found that when Xiao Min was in junior high school, it rained heavily once, and his mother went to school to pick him up. At first glance, the students around thought it was his grandmother. After he explained that it was not his grandmother but his mother, the students around him said, "No? How old is your mother? You can be my grandmother! " He felt a strong sense of humiliation. Since then, he has deliberately widened the communication distance with other students. From time to time, he suspects that the classmates around him are laughing at him, talking about him and feeling inferior. He hates himself and his parents, but he can't change this situation. He is very upset and even has the idea of desperate suicide. Now Xiao Min is in high school in the city, and there are many children in our school city. Therefore, he feels that the classmates in the surrounding cities look down on him, a classmate from the countryside, and that they deliberately avoid him and are unwilling to associate with him.
Second, the case analysis
From the case of Xiao Min, we can find that Xiao Min itself has the following problems:
1, personality defect.
Personality is a person's stable attitude system and habitual behavior, and an important part of personality structure. A good personality can change and make up for some negative factors of temperament, which is of positive significance to life. At the same time, a good personality is the basic guarantee of physical and mental health. On the contrary, bad personality not only seriously affects interpersonal relationships, people's growth and progress, but also is very harmful to individuals' physical and mental health and easily leads to mental illness.
Xiao Min's personality has great defects. Such as excessive introversion, withdrawn personality, self-enclosed and depressed mentality and inferiority complex, all of which have a negative impact on interpersonal relationships: first, his personality defects seriously hinder his communication with others. He is neither willing nor willing to take the initiative to contact with his classmates, which leads to the lack of corresponding opportunities for understanding and understanding between classmates, resulting in indifference and disharmony. Secondly, his series of bad personality characteristics are easy to give bad comments to other students, which makes people feel unhappy and affects others' acceptance and communication with him.
2. Ability deficiency.
Lack of interpersonal skills is also one of the reasons that affect interpersonal relationships. Xiao Min doesn't like to talk at ordinary times, and rarely takes the initiative to contact people. He is often lonely. Although he sometimes has the desire to communicate with his classmates and improve their relationship, he doesn't know how to do it, has a strong sense of inferiority and fear, and may be self-defeating and misunderstand. So I simply give up and let it go, which will even lose the opportunity to exercise interpersonal communication.
3. Self-expectation is too high.
Students can't do any activity without their grades, and interpersonal communication is no exception. Xiao Min really spent a lot of time on his research. In his words, "what my parents can't give me, I can get it through my own efforts"! Therefore, he studied hard and wanted to prove his existence value with his grades, but he didn't realize that his expectations were too high and beyond his ability. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't reach his expected state, so he complained and felt more inferior!
Third, the goal and process of counseling:
(A) rational cognitive therapy
First of all, rational cognitive therapy is applied to Xiao Min's bad cognitive model, and the significance of interpersonal relationship is seriously discussed with him, from the theoretical problem of healthy group consciousness to how to correctly understand and treat classmates' relationship.
On the basis of practice, this paper makes a specific and reasonable analysis, clearly points out his shortcomings in this respect, so that he can gradually understand and change the unreasonable cognitive structure and way of thinking in the past as soon as possible, correct unreasonable beliefs and replace them with scientific rational beliefs, so as to achieve the purpose of improving cognition, straightening out emotions, eliminating conceptual obstacles and establishing a good group consciousness.
(2) Behavioral therapy to cultivate their active communication skills.
In view of Xiao Min's inferiority complex and lack of interpersonal skills, behavioral therapy was adopted to strengthen practical training. It shows that people's communication ability can be improved by conscious training. The key is to overcome inferiority, build confidence, use more brains, practice more, and constantly sum up. According to Xiao Min's case, I did the following "homework" for him:
1, carefully observe the words and deeds of the students around you, and compare them with your own words and deeds to improve your words and deeds reasonably;
2. Communicate with cheerful, enthusiastic and lively classmates as much as possible and make a bosom friend;
3. Consciously participate in some group activities;
(3) Mastery of interpersonal skills.
Teach Xiao Min interpersonal skills and methods, such as understanding, caring, helping, tolerating, taking the overall situation into consideration, being polite to others, learning to use appropriate language to praise others and making positive criticism and self-criticism. And encourage him to focus on the overall situation, start from small things, practice seriously and persevere.
(4) self-confidence counseling. American writer Emerson said, "Self-confidence is the first secret of success." It can be said that with confidence, there are unlimited opportunities.
Fourth, the effect and reflection
After two months of counseling, Xiao Min's condition improved obviously. Now he can communicate with his classmates naturally and take the initiative to ask the teacher for advice when he encounters problems in his study. His relationship with his family has also improved. What makes him most happy is that his grades have also improved significantly. Now he has become cheerful and lively.
Interpersonal relationship is the most common problem in students' psychological counseling, which has a great influence on students' normal study and life. It not only hinders their healthy growth and success, but also is the main reason for repeating grades and dropping out of school. At present, schools, families and classmates have the most contact with middle school students. Let's discuss it from three aspects: individual, school and family. What should we do in the face of this problem?
First of all, interpersonal communication is the overall function of thought, ability, knowledge and psychology, and the lack of any one aspect will affect the quality of interpersonal relationship. Some students have bad psychology in interpersonal communication, such as social fear, inferiority, indifference, isolation, suspicion, pride and jealousy. And it is not easy to establish good interpersonal relationships. Strengthen self-training, improve their psychological quality, and communicate with each other with a positive attitude. It's just not enough. You must also have all kinds of good communication qualities. Such as sincerity, trust, restraint, self-confidence, enthusiasm and so on.
Secondly, as teachers, we should shoulder the responsibility of guiding students to communicate effectively. Teachers should pay attention to guiding middle school students to constantly adjust their cognitive structure and form a positive and accurate understanding of interpersonal communication, instead of treating interpersonal relationships as deception. At the same time, students should be taught some necessary skills, such as cold treatment, suggestion, comity, distraction, responsibility, affirmation and so on, to resolve conflicts. In addition, we can also give some guidance to students through lectures and psychological counseling, and tell them some ways to deal with contradictions in interpersonal communication. Through every conflict resolution, both sides of communication can be psychologically compatible.
Case 2 of mental health education for senior high school students
The school is the position of cultural communication, and it is duty-bound to spread and carry forward the spirit of clean government culture. Teenagers are the future and hope of the country and the main force on all fronts in the future. It is very necessary and important to educate them in good faith in advance. Combined with the actual situation of the school, this paper discusses how to enhance the pertinence, effectiveness and attractiveness of the clean government education in senior high school campus, and puts forward the theoretical conception of "four principles" and "four combinations" of the clean government culture on campus, which is of great significance to comprehensively promoting the construction of clean government culture on campus, strengthening campus construction, cultivating students' ideological quality of respecting honesty and hating corruption, promoting clean government culture in the whole society and promoting the harmonious development of society. Keywords: construction of clean government culture, subject of clean government education, campus culture
The culture of clean government is the product of the combination of cultural construction and clean government construction, and it is a new cultural phenomenon born in recent years. The vast number of young students are the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation. Whether they have firm faith in honesty or not will directly affect how they treat rights and money correctly and the social integrity of our country in a few years. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the education of clean government culture on campus. Based on the practice and exploration of the construction of a clean and honest campus culture in our school, this paper discusses how to promote the construction of a clean and honest campus culture in high schools.
First, in-depth investigation, seeking truth from facts, the construction of a clean and honest culture in schools is imperative.
Middle school students' values are in the formative stage, and the correct value judgment and right and wrong standard of objective things need to be further formed. We once made such a survey of students in our school, "What do you think of the corruption of some party member, especially the leading cadres of the party?" ; Even more, 28.8% people think that "the * * * production party is only for itself, not for the people". Obviously, this judgment of senior high school students is very one-sided and has immature values. At the same time, answering "What is the most important thing for a person?" Only 30% people think they should have "noble thoughts, morals and sentiments". 19% people think that they should "have a successful career". Facing this objective reality, we must let the education of clean government enter the campus and promote students to form a correct outlook on life and values.
In addition, middle school students generally agree with the traditional virtues such as diligence and hard work, that is, they agree with their values, but when asked about some personal interests, they are unwilling to do so. For example, "the phenomenon of high school students wearing brand-name clothes and using mobile phones will keep up with the competition." Another example is "Did you take the initiative to sign up for the army?" 3 O% people choose to register voluntarily; 39% of people "do not take the initiative to register". These comparisons and egoistic thoughts of students will directly affect their correct life orientation. Since ancient times, we have a saying that "we are not indifferent to pure heart, and we are not peaceful and far-reaching"
The ancient motto is a national spirit that must be vigorously promoted, and it is also an excellent traditional culture that can be passed down. Therefore, college students' honesty education will greatly promote the ideological and moral construction of minors and enrich the connotation of ideological and moral construction of minors.
Second, grasp the main body of education, enrich the content of education, and enhance the effectiveness of clean government education.
Clean government culture is an important part of campus culture. It is the basic content of high school students' honesty education to cultivate young students' awareness of respecting honesty and honesty, and consciously develop good behavior habits of honesty, self-discipline, honesty and trustworthiness, and courage to assume social responsibilities. We must be soberly aware that students are always the main body of school culture construction, and they are both participants and educatees. Respecting the subject and grasping the basic needs of students is the starting point for us to do a good job in honesty education for teenagers.
First of all, conduct personality education and always cultivate the virtue of honesty. Education of ideals and beliefs is the primary task of honesty education, and it is also the basis of forming students' sound personality. People with lofty ideals and beliefs naturally have the spiritual strength to resist all kinds of temptations and prevent ideological degeneration. According to Guo Moruo's Biography, Ye Ting, who was arrested in the Southern Anhui Incident in 1946, was imprisoned for five years. On the night of his release from prison, Guo Moruo went to Hongyan Village to visit Ye Ting, and the two embraced and smiled. Ye Ting said in the first sentence: "Mo Ruo, remember, the three armies can win the handsome, but the ordinary man can't win the ambition!" Building a clean government, putting "ambition" in the first place, with lofty goals and aspirations, will surely become the direction and motivation of people's actions.
Secondly, strengthen self-education and self-discipline at all times. In terms of self-management, our school has explored a set of effective methods and formed a three-level management model. The school takes patrol, supervision and assessment as the means; Classes are bound by class rules and class duty weeks; Students rely on "planning and decision-making" to improve. Daily morality, in the routine of the school day, students can achieve self-discipline; Students organize student congresses, general elections of league congresses, and student community activities, which not only exercise students' ability, but also improve students' democratic consciousness, and self-education is effective.
Third, carry out warning education and often think about the harm of greed. We invited legal experts to sit in the school's legal report meeting and read out the rule of law with vivid cases, which achieved good results.
We should see that the greatest danger of human ideology lies in blindly imitating other people's behavior before forming the concept of right and wrong, and then becoming accustomed to it, and finally forming opportunistic consciousness and habits, thus easily crossing the moral bottom line. Therefore, in the construction of clean government culture in schools, young students must form a sense of clean government as soon as possible, so that the main body can participate in the construction of clean government and enter the clean government culture.
Third, innovate working methods, expand educational channels and increase the attractiveness of clean education.
The political and educational affairs office of the school organized a class meeting to hold a debate contest. The topic of the debate is: on the positive side, we should abstain from greed and rely on ourselves; Anti-corruption depends on others. Students write articles about "greed", from greed to greed, lust and corruption, with extremely rich content; Abstinence from greed is based on lofty aspirations and indifference to fame and fortune. How to quit greed, one thinks that internal cause is the key, the thought remains unchanged, the mind is noble, and greed will not get on the body; On the other hand, they think it is necessary to supervise and establish a system and mechanism to resist corruption and change. Both sides use a large number of examples and rich arguments to prove their views. The debate won a house full of applause. This special anti-corruption activity has fully integrated the anti-corruption culture into students' study life, and the anti-corruption education has achieved satisfactory results.
The actual situation of education and teaching shows that only by finding a suitable entry point and a suitable fit surface can a clean and honest culture enter the campus be effective. To this end, we mainly do a good job in students' honesty education from the following aspects.
(A), the main penetration
Humanity naturally contains rich educational content of "respecting sincerity and cleanliness". Politics, Chinese, history, geography, etc. , we can make full use of the existing teaching materials, tap the resources of anti-corruption culture education in the text, and teachers can organically infiltrate the content of anti-corruption education in the teaching process.
(2), position construction
Blackboard, class meeting. A well-designed theme class meeting and a substantial class blackboard newspaper are the best positions for honest education. The class meeting with the theme of "taking the first step in life" in senior one allows students to show their life ideals at the class meeting. Organizing students to watch the live program "The First Day of School" at the beginning of school is to let them set up lofty ideals and fight for them in a vivid way.
(iii) Exhibition
Speech under the national flag. Every Monday, the school will hold a solemn flag-raising ceremony, and the speech under the national flag is an important part of the morning meeting. There are morning meeting themes such as "Walking in the footsteps of great men", "Scientists-role models for our growth" and "Alarm bells ringing", which have achieved good results in front of the teachers and students of the whole school.
(4) Reading newspapers
This is a compulsory course specially set up for students to understand and pay attention to current events. Use this time to let students pay attention to the major events at home and abroad around them and understand the hot issues in society.
(v) Practical activities
Revolutionary traditional education. Organize "May 4th Patriotic Singing Competition" educational activities every year, so that students can remember the revolutionary martyrs, learn their revolutionary spirit of hard struggle, and enrich the content of clean government culture.
Four, in view of the problem, clear job responsibilities, grasp the basic principles.
(1) Solve a difficult problem.
The culture of clean government did not get everyone's understanding when it entered the campus. The survey of students shows that more than 10% people think that "honesty education has nothing to do with senior high school students". According to the survey of parents, parents think that "there can be no corrupt behavior among students, so there is no need for a clean government culture to enter the campus". Among the teachers, 15% think it is unnecessary to educate students in good faith. They feel that the introduction of clean culture into the campus, together with many activities such as "rule of law into the campus" and "traffic safety into the campus" proposed in previous years, has increased the burden on students. In the survey of students, it is found that only 23% people agree that the current society as a whole is clean, and more than 50% people think that the social clean atmosphere is "average"; When investigating "How to treat major corruption cases in Li Zhen, Guangxi, Jiangxi, etc.", 30% people think that they are only representatives of corrupt elements, and there are more corrupt people. "Do you hate such corruption?" 46% said they were "very angry", while 19% thought it didn't matter. ; When investigating whether it is necessary to build a clean and honest culture, 73% of the students answered yes, but 14% of the students thought it was a matter for adults and officials. Let's concentrate on our studies!
Through these phenomena, we must solve the doubts that plague teachers, students and even parents, that is, honesty education is the need of talent training, respecting honesty and persisting in honesty cultivation is the need of students' self-development, and honesty education benefits the country and the people.
(B), grasp the four principles
The incorruptible culture enters the campus, and the object of incorruptible education is young students. Education must respect the law and pay attention to principles and methods.
1, positive guidance principle
We found in the survey that nearly one-third of people think that "* * * the production party is only for themselves, not for the people", but in fact, more students lack the standard of judging right and wrong, and look at the problem too one-sidedly, failing to see the mainstream of leading cadres in party member. Therefore, we must adhere to positive guidance, publicize advanced models, and educate young students about honesty. The typical Wu Tianxiang and the young model Xu Benyu around us are vivid teaching materials for the construction of a clean and honest culture.
2, the principle of multi-directional integration
It is necessary to incorporate the education of "respecting honesty and respecting honesty" into the school moral education work plan and combine it with subject teaching, theme activities and social practice. Through various channels and activities, honesty education has various forms of activity carriers, which penetrate each other and complement each other. It is a series of educational activities designed by us, which integrates educational contents and forms an educational series of "sailing", "doing", "perseverance" and "companionship". "Sail" series, "Do a good job in our career design";
"Du Xing" series set an example of "respectable and learnable"; The series of "Determined" is realized in introspection and grows in comprehension; "bosom friend" series, cultivate strong quality and have healthy psychology.
Integrate educational means and activate educational forms. The application of modern educational technology makes clean education keep pace with the times.
3, the principle of subtle influence
Honesty education is a part of school moral education, which can neither replace all moral education nor be regarded as honesty education. Therefore, some effective moral principles and methods can be used. "Moistening things quietly" is a common method used by many moral education workers. We start with environmental construction, create a good atmosphere of honesty and education, and invest tens of thousands of yuan to upgrade the campus greening level; Set up cultural inscriptions, so that heroes and models of the times can become role models for students to learn.
Moral education advocates "enlightenment", "teaching" is the premise of "culture" and "culture" is the result of "teaching". We should achieve "invisibility" with tangible "teaching" and pursue the highest realm of "culture" in silence.
4. The principle of giving and receiving is appropriate.
To educate students in good faith, we should not only adhere to positive guidance, but also consider the actual situation of the educated, which is beyond the acceptance of young students and cannot receive good results. Secondly, there are both positive and negative aspects, including warning cases of corruption and inspiring deeds of governing for the people.
(C), do a good job in the four combinations
Introducing the culture of clean government into the campus and educating students is an aspect of school work and a specific content of school moral education. Therefore, we should correctly handle the relationship between clean government education and school work and adhere to the four combinations.
1, combined with the education of maintaining the advanced nature of party member. School leading cadres should set an example of honesty and self-discipline. The school party Committee insists on organizing clean government education without going through the motions. Through theoretical study, visit and discussion, every leading cadre can understand the truth of clean government, understand the pain of corruption and be honest in politics. Schools should establish a good image of honesty, resolutely stop the occurrence of arbitrary charges and other violations, strive to run a satisfactory education for the people, and strive to promote the teaching style with excellent party style.
2, combined with the construction of teachers' morality and style. A noble teacher's morality and style is the foundation of a clean government. Establish a good image of teachers' morality, so that students can truly feel the charm of teachers' personality. The school has specially formulated the "Regulations on the Examination of Teachers' Morality", and the school has established a personal file of teachers' morality. The performance of teachers' morality is directly linked to the evaluation of excellence, promotion and evaluation of professional titles. Give spiritual and material rewards to those with excellent moral character, and educate teachers with moral problems in the form of criticism and admonition. Effectively influence the style of study with excellent teaching style.
3. Combined with the construction of campus culture. To rebuild school culture, especially system culture and curriculum culture, we should integrate clean government culture into the school-running concept, values, tradition of study style, code of conduct and rules and regulations accumulated in the course of school development, so that clean government culture can become the profound connotation of school culture. In the construction of school culture, adhere to the openness of school affairs and build a sunny campus.
4. The combination of on-campus education and off-campus education. The introduction of clean government culture into the campus needs the strong support of the whole society, and the task of prospering and standardizing the social and cultural market is arduous. Severely crack down on piracy, internet cafes and other acts that infringe on minors, and purify the social environment in which minors grow up. Family education should permeate the content of honesty education, and parents should take the lead in setting an example and be honest and clean.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion:
Introducing the culture of clean government into campus activities enriches the connotation of campus culture, sows the seeds of clean government in students' hearts and sublimates teachers' thoughts. Our school has initially formed a good fashion of advocating honesty and promoting honesty, and good moral consciousness such as honesty and trustworthiness has penetrated into the minds of teachers and students and radiated to parents of students. In the future, we will give full play to the role of the main channel, main position and main classroom of school education, establish and improve the standard system of clean campus culture construction, let our students remember the shame of etiquette, and make our country more prosperous.
Case 3 of mental health education for senior high school students
For two years, I have been the head teacher of Class 20 14 in Huining No.1 Middle School. I found that many students in my class were psychologically confused, which seriously affected their study life and even their mental health. I helped some students return to their normal study life through class meeting counseling, individual heart-to-heart talks and class activities. Some students have serious problems. Through long-term uninterrupted conversation and contact, I helped them analyze and understand problems until they solved their confusion psychologically and returned to normal in action. During this period, I felt a lot. I have the idea of recording these students' problems and our problem-solving process. The article records the communication process of a female student, hoping to attract more attention and ask experts to help analyze and summarize.
She always talks about me behind my back. Sophomore year, a student Guo (female, 15 years old) came to me after class activities. She was very excited and burst into tears. She said that a girl in the class scolded her behind her back. It turns out that they are good friends and play together. These days, she always speaks ill of herself behind others' backs, and others seem to agree. She felt very sad and helpless, and couldn't figure out why others would say that about her. She feels that she has always been kind to others, will not provoke others, and her style is not arrogant, so why would anyone be dissatisfied with her? At that time, I felt that my classmates didn't pay attention to unity and care about each other, so I held a class meeting with the theme of "caring for my classmates, I am an angel" to influence my classmates from one love story to another. At the meeting, I asked some students to speak and discussed the words that hurt them behind their backs. The class meeting has enhanced students' understanding of their classmates' feelings. Students have noticed the influence their words and deeds will have on other students, and helped them to enhance their trust and feelings through group activities. After a while, I called the girl and asked about the situation. She said there was nothing wrong with that girl, but now whenever she heard or saw someone whispering around her, she would think it was talking about her, which made her very uneasy. When she was walking on the road, she felt that others were watching her. She feels very bad, and she will wonder why she is so distracted in class. She is worried that it will affect her study. I hope to help her solve this problem. At this time, I think it is the girl's own problem, which is something she knows clearly. I summed up her situation, 14.5 years old, the youngest in the class, the second child registered with my uncle at home, and the top ten in the class. My father didn't live together and went home once on weekends. I asked her if she would mind changing her surname with her father. She said she didn't care. She just feels that her study has not met her and her father's requirements, and it is difficult to get better grades than herself every time she sits at the same table. I checked the information and found that this is called learning anxiety with interpersonal disorder. She belongs to the self-reproach and guilt type: these students study hard and have strong self-discipline. Have a strong love for parents and teachers, and take meeting their expectations as their learning goal. I'm afraid of making mistakes in my studies, and I worry, groan, feel guilty and anxious at the slightest setback. I helped her analyze the cause of this problem and illustrated that many students have this kind of anxiety. If this kind of anxiety is handled well, it will increase their learning motivation and promote the improvement of their grades. If it is too serious, it will give you too much pressure, affect your study and even your mental health, produce self-identity contradictions, and produce the feeling that others are dissatisfied with their performance. She belongs to this type. I let her know that this is a common phenomenon, and many people have encountered this problem. We should know the positive problems of the problem, try to change our understanding, make ourselves confident and trust others, and grow up happily.
In the following days, I talked to the parents of this student several times, asking them to improve the communication environment at home, pay attention to their children's mental health, and try to avoid the comparison of academic rankings. Parents cooperate well.
In the communication with students, I pointed out two reasons for the problem. The first is that the requirements for achieving the goal are unreasonable. Under normal circumstances, the achievement goal is formulated in combination with one's own ability and environmental conditions, and it is possible to achieve it. People who demand too much self-achievement are often unrealistic and only care about their immediate academic achievements, while ignoring their own achievements. Considering grades only by grades, I said that the former classmate didn't speak Mandarin as well as you, and she didn't speak as well as you, so we should consider it in many ways. The second self-concept is poor. A person with poor self-concept lacks self-affirmation, because his self depends on others to affirm, his joys and sorrows are subject to the appreciation or depreciation of others, he likes to compare with others, and often blames himself when encountering setbacks. Such people lead a very painful life and are prone to frustration. The reason why she feels that others are talking about her and dare not make it public is because she wants to be affirmed by others too much. I pointed out that as long as I study hard, manage my behavior well, and meet the standards and codes of conduct of middle school students, I am a qualified middle school student. I don't care too much about other people's comments, and I can also turn other people's expectations into my own learning motivation. Re-recognize the meaning of success and compare your development achievements vertically, and you will learn to trust others happily. The student affirmed my analysis and said that he would try to change his understanding, adjust his psychology and study actively.
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