(1) Multiple attributes are out of order.
Multi-attribute refers to multiple attributes before the subject and object head words, which are generally arranged according to grammatical rules. If it is not arranged properly, there will be language barriers. The correct order of multiple attributes is generally (starting from the farthest from the head language):
(1) a noun, pronoun or phrase indicating an attribute or time and place;
(2) Words or phrases indicating reference or quantity;
③ Verbs or verb phrases;
4 adjectives or adjective phrases;
⑤ Nouns or noun phrases that represent nature. In addition, the attribute with "de" is placed before the attribute without "de".
take for example
She is an excellent women's basketball coach of the national team with more than 20 years' teaching experience.
The correct order should be: she is an excellent (adjective) basketball (noun) female coach with more than 20 years' teaching experience in the national team.
take for example
(2) The Regulations on Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in Sichuan Province is the first local regulation aimed at the poor population in Sichuan Province, which defines accurate poverty alleviation as an important principle, starting from the poorest village households and letting the villagers live a good life. ("First Sichuan" should be changed to "First Sichuan". )
(2) Adverbials are not arranged properly.
Multiple adverbials mean that there are multiple modifiers before verbs, so we should modify verbs reasonably according to grammatical rules, otherwise there will be language barriers. The order of multiple adverbials generally follows the following principles (starting from the farthest place from the head language):
(1) Preposition phrase indicating purpose or reason;
2 words or phrases indicating time;
3 words or phrases in the table;
④ Adverbs indicating mood or prepositional phrases indicating objects;
⑤ Adverbs of expression or degree.
In addition, prepositional phrases indicating objects are generally next to the head language.
take for example
Different from writers, photographers don't pour their feelings about mountains and rivers, vegetation, cities and villages into their works, but focus directly on the lens. We should put "no" before "feeling". )
(3) The coordinate words or phrases are not in the right order. take for example
Only when an idea is generally accepted, understood and mastered by people and transformed into the group consciousness of the whole society can it become the norm that people consciously abide by and pursue. ("accept and understand" should be changed to "understand and accept". )
(4) The position of related words is incorrect.
Whether the position of related words in complex sentences is appropriate or not has a great relationship with the subject of clauses. Generally speaking, when the subjects of two clauses are the same, the related words should be after the subject; When the theme is different, the related words should come before the theme.
take for example
Due to the low technical level, these products are either lower in quality than similar products in coastal areas or higher in cost. ("No" should be put before "quality". )
As a brand-new and relatively mature industry, e-commerce has not only changed the way of life of human beings to a certain extent, but also impacted the traditional business model with a long history. (We should put "not only" after "e-commerce". )
2. Improper collocation
(1) Improper collocation of subject and predicate. take for example
The report also shows that the per capita e-book reading of adults has increased, while the reading rate of newspapers and periodicals has dropped significantly. ("Reading rate" and "reduction" do not match, and "reduction" should be changed to "decline". )
Although the wonderful NBA Finals have come to an end, those ups and downs, bloody figures and indomitable spirit still flash in people's minds and linger. (ups and downs, bloody figure and indomitable spirit uses a verb "flash", but "indomitable spirit" does not match "flash". )
(2) Improper collocation of verbs and objects. take for example
(1) There is a huge stone cliff on the riverside of Baiyanshan Mountain on the south bank of Qutang Gorge. Dozens of cliff stone carvings engraved with seal script, official script, regular script and running script since the Song Dynasty are magnificent, which complements the majestic momentum of Qutang Gorge. ("It says ... Cliff Stone Carving" is not properly matched, so you can add "you" before "write". )
② The Municipal Tourism Bureau requires all scenic spots to further strengthen the construction and management of toilets and parking lots in scenic spots, rectify and guide all kinds of stubborn diseases and bad habits of uncivilized tourism, and effectively improve the service level of scenic spots. ("All kinds of stubborn diseases and bad habits of uncivilized tourism" can be "rectified" but not "guided", and "harmonious guidance" should be deleted. )
If one day technology develops to the point where it is convenient for people to fly by spaceship as it is today, the Milky Way will not be far away and the universe will not be so mysterious. ("development to" and "time" can't match, so "time" can be changed to "degree". )
④ Taxi software provides a communication platform for passengers and drivers, which is convenient for citizens to take taxis. However, whether taxis use taxi software or not, they should abide by the operating rules and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests and reasonable requirements of all parties concerned. (If "maintenance" and "reasonable requirements" do not match properly, you can delete "harmonious and reasonable requirements" or change "safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests and reasonable requirements of relevant parties" to "safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of relevant parties and meeting their reasonable requirements". )
⑤ To deepen the understanding of Antarctic sea ice melting phenomenon and atmospheric movement process over Antarctica, it is necessary to expand the scientific investigation area, strengthen the accuracy of scientific research observation and improve the experimental design method. ("Strengthening" and "accuracy" don't match, so "strengthening" can be changed to "improving". )
(3) Improper collocation of subject and object. For example:
In the lotus pond, tens of thousands of lotus plants are facing the sunrise, with red flowers and green flowers, and the fragrance is overflowing, attracting egrets, mandarin ducks and so on, which is spectacular and has become the base for many art lovers to sketch. The subject "ten thousand lotus plants" and the object "base" are not properly matched. )
(4) Incorrect collocation of related words. For example:
In the current practice of the Party's mass line education, ordinary party member and leading cadres must adhere to and develop the "Qiao Feng experience" and adhere to and implement the Party's mass line. ("No matter ... No matter ... No matter ... No matter ... No matter ... No matter ...
3. Incomplete or redundant components
(1) Missing theme. For example:
(1) In order to further ensure the safety of people's dining tables, the state revised the Food Safety Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), and was awarded the title of "the strictest in history" due to the increased punishment. (If the subject is incomplete due to theft, "this law" can be added before "aggravated punishment". )
With the progress of technology and the accumulation of experience, coupled with the support of policies, China's self-owned brand cars have entered a period of rapid development, and various innovative products have emerged one after another. (Abuse of prepositions leads to incomplete subject, so "sui" can be removed. )
③2065438+3 1 2005 The Measures for Promoting Reading for All in Hubei Province was officially implemented, which was the first local government regulation on reading for all in China, and the reading rights of ordinary people were guaranteed by law. ("It is the first local government regulation on national reading in China" lacks a subject, so the word "le" in "Measures for Promoting National Reading in Hubei Province" can be changed to "de". )
(2) The predicate is missing. For example:
① The "National Reading Survey" organized by China Press and Publication Research Institute has been carried out 1 1 times. The predicate verb "yes" should be added before "you". )
With the promulgation and implementation of the new Tourism Law, many travel agencies have to face all kinds of new problems brought by the new regulations, and many travel agencies are struggling to transform from the past to the future. ("Many travel agencies are struggling with prices from the past to the future", so the predicate verb "experience" should be added after "many travel agencies". )
(3) lack of objects. For example:
The purpose of "Reading for All" is to enrich citizens' cultural life, guide citizens to read more and better books, and make reading a way of life that reflects people's spiritual pursuit. (If there is no object header, you can add "activity" after "reading a good book". )
It is reported that when a market is found to be selling fake and shoddy products and forging quality inspection reports, the management department will carry out special inspection actions to further standardize business practices. (If there is no object header, you can add "Phenomenon" after "Report". )
(3) The British government plans to implement a "benchmark test" for children aged 4 to 5 from September this year. This policy was strongly opposed by the teachers' union. (Implementation is missing an object header, so you can add Policy after Benchmarking. )
(4) Semantic repetition. For example:
It is said that most men in Huizhou went out to do business in those days, and all the women and children knew it at home. For safety reasons, most of the old houses in Huizhou ancient villages are buildings with high walls and deep courtyards, heavy doors and narrow windows. ("women and children" means "women and children", which is the same as "children" in the back. You can delete "and children" or change "women and children" to "women". )
Although supported by national resources, it is difficult for state-owned enterprises to achieve such results. ("Can be called" means "can be called", which is duplicate with the previous meaning of "can be called" and can be deleted. )
4. The structure is chaotic
(1) mixed sentence patterns.
Sentence hybridity means that two sentences are mixed together, resulting in structural confusion.
For example:
The first "Scholarly House" award ceremony was held in the quaint Yangzhitang of Du Fu Caotang, and the winners of scholarly families, scholarly campuses, scholarly enterprises and scholarly societies were announced on the spot. ("It was held in the quaint Yangzhitang of Du Fu's Caotang" should be changed to "It was held in Yangzhitang" or "It was held in Yangzhitang". )
(2) The historical impact, the decrease of outlets, the system that restricts the development of enterprises and the serious brain drain of time-honored brands are the reasons for the difficult development of time-honored brands, and their former glory has been completely wiped out. (The sentence "It is the reason why the time-honored brand is struggling" is a mixture of two sentences: "It is the reason why the time-honored brand is struggling" and "It is the reason why the time-honored brand is struggling". You can choose either expression. )
(2) changing hands halfway.
In the middle of a sentence, suddenly start over and start over.
take for example
His home is not far from the railway. When he was a child, he often went to watch trains. Whenever the train roared past him, he was very excited and felt that he was endowed with a kind of power. The preposition "whenever" in the sentence "whenever a whistle flies by him" is in the wrong position, which leads to the unfinished sentence, and the subject of the latter sentence changes, which leads to the change in the middle of the sentence. You can put "train" after "whenever". )
Since China people accepted Marxism–Leninism, great changes have taken place in China's revolution under the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong. (What about China People? ... "After Marxism-Leninism? The author didn't go on, but added "China's Revolution". It should be changed to "Since the people of China ... Marxism–Leninism". )
5. The meaning is not clear
(1) refers to the ambiguity caused by the unknown. take for example
Anyone who knows him knows that he is not as extroverted and informal as he is on the screen. "like that" in this sentence can mean "extroverted and informal" or "not extroverted and informal". )
(2) Modifying ambiguity causes ambiguity.
This film, for example, tells the story of a seriously ill worker's daughter struggling against her fate, which is of great educational significance to young audiences. A seriously ill person may be a "worker" or a "worker's daughter". )
(2) Modifying ambiguity causes ambiguity. take for example
This film tells the story of a worker's daughter who is seriously ill and struggles with her fate, which is of great educational significance to young audiences. A seriously ill person may be a "worker" or a "worker's daughter". )
6. illogical
The concept of (1) is not collocated properly. take for example
① The "Five Avenue Historical Experience Museum" project takes the history of Five Avenue as the background, takes the foreign building culture as the main line, and combines historical pictures, historical materials, historical objects and historical figures to show the life of foreign buildings in that year through multimedia means. ("Historical materials" include "historical pictures", which are improperly bundled. )
(2) Zhang likes reading literary works since he was a child, reading a lot of novels, poems, essays and foreign literary masterpieces. "Novels, poems, essays" and "foreign literary masterpieces" are cross-related and cannot be used side by side. )
(2) Two-sided imbalance. take for example
In that era when the struggle for national independence and national liberation is surging, whether people's patriotic enthusiasm can be aroused is a very important criterion for judging the quality of a literary work. ("Can arouse people's patriotic enthusiasm" can be changed to "Can arouse people's patriotic enthusiasm". )
In the face of sudden disasters, the resilience of a place depends not only on the local economic strength, but also on the government's emergency mechanism and the wisdom of leaders. There are two sides: the strength of disaster resistance is two-sided, while the strength of economic strength, the government's emergency mechanism and the wisdom of leaders are one-sided. )
(3) improper denial. take for example
There are two taboos in sleeping: one is not to get angry before going to bed, and the other is not to eat enough before going to bed. (The last two "bogeys" and "Booker" are used together, which leads to illogical semantics, so the last two "bogeys" or "Booker" should be deleted. )
Family style is a silent education. Parents should be strict with themselves, establish a positive image, create a healthy family environment for their children, and prevent them from committing crimes in the future. ("avoid" and "won't" constitute a double negative, which makes the meaning illogical, so "won't" should be deleted. )
(4) Unreasonable. take for example
Some people in this city copy fake and shoddy products by hook or by crook, and this illegal act of deceiving consumers and cheating money should be severely cracked down. ("Fake and shoddy products" itself includes counterfeit products, which are deformed products in the development of commodity economy. No one will fake "fake and inferior products". )