It is common for children to accidentally fall down and scratch their skin when running or jumping, especially in summer. If the wound is shallow and only the fur is scraped, you only need to clean up the dirt and other sundries at the wound. If the wound is deep or bleeding, clean the wound with tap water or normal saline first, then disinfect the wound with alcohol, and there is no need to bandage it after treatment.
nosebleed
Nosebleeds are common in children and are caused by nasal trauma, such as nasal contusion, nose excrement digging, nose excrement digging and so on. In addition, foreign bodies in the nose and colds and fever can lead to nosebleeds.
Most of the nosebleeds are located on the nasal septum near the nostrils. Because of the thin nasal mucosa and dense network of blood vessels, this part is often called "bleeding-prone area".
When a child is found to have a nosebleed, the following treatment methods should be taken:
1, comfort children not to be nervous, and wait quietly for adults to deal with it, because most children will have fear when they see blood.
2. Keep your head slightly low, open your mouth and breathe, and hold your nose. Generally, pressing 10 minute can stop bleeding. Cold compress your forehead and nose with a wet towel.
3. When there is a lot of bleeding, you can plug your nose with absorbent cotton rolls and gauze rolls to stop bleeding. If there is still bleeding after the above treatment, you should go to the hospital immediately.
4. Don't rub your nose hard for a short time after stopping bleeding, and don't do strenuous exercise to avoid bleeding again.
Burn, scald
Burns and scalds are one of the common emergencies in kindergartens, mostly caused by high temperature (such as hot water, steam, fire, etc.). ), electricity and chemicals act on children's skin and mucous membranes. In children's burn (scalding) accidents, the most common ones are scalds caused by boiling water, hot soup and hot porridge, followed by fire burns, and occasionally chemical burns and electric injuries.
Preschool children have delicate skin, and the same stimulation is more harmful to preschool children than adults. The first-aid treatment of burns and scalds should do the following:
1, immediately remove the root cause of burns.
In case of flame burns, children can be quickly separated from the fire source to put out the residual fire on the injured; Children scalded by hot soup and porridge should immediately take off their wet clothes. If it is not easy to take it off, don't tear it hard. They can be cut and torn with scissors to fully expose the wound. If you accidentally come into contact with chemicals, please rinse with plenty of water.
2, according to the degree of injury, timely treatment of the wound.
According to the depth of burn (scald), burn (scald) injury can be divided into three degrees: the first burn (scald) injury only damages the epidermis of the skin, and the local skin is red, swollen, painful and blistered. During treatment, the injured part can be washed repeatedly with cold water or cold boiled water. If the hands and feet are burned, they can be directly soaked in cold water, and the cold water can be removed after the pain is relieved. Apply purple liquid medicine, cooling oil or scald ointment to the injured surface, and it will heal in 4-5 days without leaving scars. Never put on soapy water, toothpaste, soy sauce and so on. Feel free. Second degree burns (scalds) can damage the dermis. In addition to redness and swelling, blisters appeared locally and the pain was severe. Third-degree burns (scalds) hurt subcutaneous tissues and muscles, and even involve bones. For children with second and third degree burns (scalds), clean gauze, towels, etc. Can be used to cover the wound, or wrapped with clean sheets, so as to avoid bursting blisters and sending them to the hospital for treatment in time. Sometimes the burn (scald) injury area is large, and the child may be irritable and thirsty. You can drink a small amount of light salt water many times.
Foreign body in nose
When children are playing, out of strong curiosity, they will stuff buttons, soybeans, nuts and other foreign objects at hand into one or two nostrils. This not only affects breathing, but also causes abnormal nasal cavity, and even foreign bodies continue to descend, leading to foreign bodies in trachea. Sometimes children will have nosebleeds when they dig themselves, causing panic and crying.
Treatment method:
(1) Comfort the child softly to make him quiet and cooperate with the operation. Don't intimidate or reprimand the child, so as not to cause crying, so that the foreign body may continue to fall and increase the difficulty of taking it out.
(2) For shallow foreign bodies, children can strive for cooperation and take a deep breath. The teacher should press the nostril on the side where there is no foreign body. Other children blow their noses hard, and sometimes foreign bodies can be discharged naturally. If this method doesn't work, don't use tweezers and other instruments to pick up round foreign bodies. Because of this carelessness, not only can the foreign body not be taken out, but it will be pushed deep into the nasal cavity and even fall into the trachea, which is life-threatening.
(3) After the foreign body is taken out, if the nasal mucosa is damaged, you can apply some anti-inflammatory ointment or oral anti-inflammatory drugs according to the specific situation.
(4) Any foreign body that cannot be discharged after simple treatment should be taken out of the hospital immediately, and the doctor should use special equipment to take it out.