First, ultrasonic imaging
1.？ B-ultrasound of urinary system: including kidney, bladder and prostate.
Before the examination, the patient should be instructed to drink 500 ~ 1000 ml of water to fill the bladder, so as to observe the lesions of the bladder and prostate.
2. Ultrasound-guided puncture: mainly for prostate. Before operation, 330ML glycerol enema was injected three times to clean the feces in the rectum, reduce the probability of pollution and infection, and make the examination field clear.
B, is it? X-ray examination
X-ray plain film of urinary system (KUB): kidney, ureter and bladder.
Note: Take senna leaves with hot water after dinner the day before, and then fast and water 10G hours.
2. Intravenous urography (IVP): Understand the shape of renal pelvis and calyx and the function of the contralateral kidney. Prepare to talk to KUB before the inspection.
3. Retrograde urography: Retrograde intubation through cystoscope for examination.
4. Cystography: not suitable for cystoscopy of bladder lesions.
5. Urethrography: Suitable for urethral stricture, tumor, fistula and deformity.
6. Cystoscope: intuitive intravesical lesions.
? c:？ Computerized x-ray tomography
It is mainly used for the diagnosis of urinary system diseases and adrenal tumors, and its sensitivity is higher than that of B-ultrasound. Fasting and water prohibition are required before inspection.
? Nephrogram
Diuretic renogram is helpful to distinguish the nature of upper urinary tract obstruction by judging the secretory function of renal tubules and showing whether there is obstruction in the upper urinary tract through the secretion, concentration and excretion rate of nuclides to the urinary tract.
Before inspection, you should follow the instructions issued by the inspection department.
E: urodynamics
1. The dynamic process of urine excretion through renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra was studied by using the principles and methods of fluid mechanics and physiology. Used for urine transport and quantitative and objective diagnosis of various dysuria and dysuria diseases.
Drink water to hold your urine before the examination, and take antibiotics orally after the examination.
? F: urine test
1. General inspection
2. Three-cup urine test: According to the time when red blood cells or white blood cells appear in urine during urination, the focus of urinary system diseases can be judged.
3. Looking for urinary tuberculosis: After leaving urine for 24 hours, record the urine volume and take 10ML for inspection.
4. Bacteriological examination of urine: clean the external urethral orifice or urethral orifice first, and then take the middle urine for examination.
5. Looking for tumor cells in urine: Take fresh urine for examination for the second time in the morning.
6. Urine examination 17- hydroxy-17- ketone, VMA and catecholamine (CA). After recording the urine volume, take 10ML for inspection.