Lighting and lighting design

Contemporary minimalist design has dominated the design concept for many years, and it is considered that concise lines and layout are the core links. Simple design can be truly fascinating and give people real enjoyment; On the other hand, excessive packing and complicated layout will only add many unnecessary elements, which is contrary to the purpose of enhancing indoor clearance in the overall design. The most important thing is how to establish a perfect spatial structure, so that space can convey different atmospheres and layers, even joy, anger, sadness and joy, become closer to people and bring surprises at any time. This point has been explained and recognized in my design works and recent conversations with many customers. The Importance of Lighting In the current design project documents, it is not difficult to find that various lighting themes run through it, and shadows are everywhere, creating different atmospheres and multiple artistic conceptions. Indirect lighting can be said to be a more flexible and interesting design element, which can be the catalyst of atmosphere, the focus and theme of a room, and can also strengthen the layering of existing decoration. Generally speaking, lighting arrangement can be divided into direct lighting and indirect lighting. Direct light generally refers to those direct lights, such as chandeliers, spotlights, etc., which are directly dispersed in designated positions and project a circle of light and shadow for lighting or highlighting the theme, which is direct and simple. Indirect lighting can play a unique role in creating atmosphere and create different artistic conception. Its light does not directly hit the ground, but is placed behind the concave wall, ceiling or wall decoration. Light will be projected on the wall and then reflected to the ground. Soft light seems to gently wash the whole space, gentle and romantic. The proper cooperation of these two kinds of light can create a perfect spatial artistic conception. Some are bright and lively, and some are soft and soft, so as to show the unique personality of lighting through comparison and exude extraordinary artistic charm. In the use of home lighting, the bedroom should be warm, the study and kitchen should be bright and practical, the living room should be layered and artistic, the dining room should be romantic, and the bathroom should be warm and soft. I think this lighting arrangement has reached the highest efficiency.

What is the international trend of architectural environment lighting design at the beginning of the new century? What is the present situation and prospect of architectural environment lighting design in China? This is a concern of lighting designers and a topic of interest to architects and planners. First, the construction of light environment has attracted the attention of architects and planners, and the light environment has attracted the attention of society-night lighting, green lighting and protecting teenagers' eyesight; Urban construction and architecture are large in scale and complex in technology, and the lighting technology is constantly updated; The general trend of pursuing a good working environment and living environment; Recognize that "light" is an important element of environmental art creation.

Example: (1) The transparent glass dome of the German Parliament Building in Berlin: the top lighting technology is integrated with the roof structure, which has a strong artistic impact. This high-tech work, created by British architect norman foster, set a new standard for expressing architectural art with modern technology and won the 22nd Plich Kay Award. (2) New Terminal Building of Capital Airport: The design team published four concluding articles in Journal of Architecture, among which "light in indoor visual environment" is one of them. The building area of the terminal building is 286,500 m2, and there are hundreds of lamps. There are 62 sets of lamps (average 4.5m2) and 94,864 lamps (one lamp is about 3m2), with a total lighting power of 4,678kW (16.3W/m2). There are 105 skylights (3600m2) on the roof for lighting. This is a huge architectural lighting project. The author puts forward that architects must further improve their understanding of light environment management; All parties involved in the construction of light environment should try their best to promote other important experiences. (3) The rise of urban night lighting has aroused the concern and research of planners and architects on urban night landscape. Some cities and regions have begun to introduce "night lighting planning" into urban planning and urban design. Second, the trend of lighting design in the built environment (1) comprehensively evaluate the lighting quality, dilute and simplify the illumination index. In 2000, IESNA of the North American Lighting Engineering Society published "North American Lighting Manual-Ninth Edition", and its editor-in-chief MarkSRea wrote in the preface of the manual: "In the past twenty years, there has been a trend from lighting engineering to lighting design in lighting practice. William. Hanly, executive vice chairman of IESNA, said: "This method (that is, the IESNA lighting design guide with comprehensive quality elements proposed in the manual-the author's note) is called a bridge to 2 1 century." IESNA advocates that the comprehensive evaluation of lighting quality should consider three factors: human needs-visibility, work efficiency, visual comfort, social communication, mood and atmosphere, health, safety and pleasure, and aesthetics;

Architecture-form, composition, style, standards and regulations;

Economy and environment-installation, maintenance, operation, energy and environment. For the first factor, IESNA puts forward 19 factors including illumination level, and points out the different importance of these factors to various buildings and spaces. At the same time, the illuminance standard is simplified to 7 levels, namely: orientation and simple visual work 30,50,100lx; ; General visual homework 300,500,1000lx; ; Special visual homework 3000~ 10000lx. The author thinks that the requirements for lighting quality can be summarized into three levels: brightness, comfort and artistic expression. Of course, the combination of the three is the best lighting. Bright-the illuminance and uniformity of the working surface are appropriate, the contrast between the working object and the background is good, and the ambient brightness is appropriate;

Comfortable-no glare and stroboscopic, the three-dimensional sense of people and things is natural and pleasing to the eye, the brightness ratio between the working surface and the surrounding environment is appropriate, and the lighting control is flexible and convenient; Artistic expression-light forms a specific artistic conception and atmosphere, the environmental brightness scheme is attractive, the lighting device is beautiful in appearance, and the natural light and outdoor landscape change vividly. (2) Paying attention to energy saving, environmental protection and health is the basic purpose of green lighting. 199 1 The green lighting advocated by the US Environmental Protection Agency has been popularized all over the world and deeply rooted in people's hearts, which has had a far-reaching impact on lighting design. Green lighting promotes the development and application of energy-saving efficient light sources and lamps; Formulate Energy Efficiency Standards for Lighting Products and Energy Efficiency Standards for Building Lighting, and legislate to guide lighting design to adopt efficient and energy-saving lighting products. ASHRAE/IESNA of the United States jointly formulated the building lighting energy-saving standard with the UPD limit of unit power density (watt/square meter) as the index, which has been updated three times so far, and the UPD is gradually decreasing. The implementation of green lighting has strong technical support-high-efficiency and energy-saving lighting product database, energy-saving benefit analysis software, consulting services and so on. , which provides convenience for lighting design. In recent years, people pay special attention to the negative effects of lighting: glare, light pollution and light interference. (3) Innovation of design concept and technology The comprehensive understanding of lighting quality and the emergence of new lighting technologies have contributed to the innovation of design concept and technology. People-oriented, personalized design-popularize lighting control, take care of different personal needs for light, and pursue personalized lighting style; Pay attention to the choice of light color, create emotional appeal and atmosphere with light, and satisfy people's psychological and spiritual pursuit; Non-uniform lighting, dynamic lighting, when light is needed, send the right amount of light to the place where it is needed; Complementarity and intersection of indoor and outdoor lighting technologies; The application of stage lighting technology-color lighting, dynamic lighting, depicting key points and hiding light sources. (D) The communication and cooperation between lighting designers and architects are getting closer and closer. Excellent lighting design lighting concept must be integrated into architectural design and interior design as soon as possible, so that "light" can become an organic part of architectural and indoor and outdoor space design, support and display the creativity of architectural and interior design, and realize users' expectations and requirements. Therefore, the communication and cooperation between lighting designers and owners, users, architects and planners is very important, and this cooperation is getting closer and closer. Third, the future outlook.

As one of the design elements, "light" will enter architectural design and urban planning and melt into the minds of architects and planners.

(2) With the development of economy, the improvement of life and the progress of technology, the design concept of lighting will be people-oriented; Rich lighting means will create novel lighting methods; Good lighting will benefit people's physical, mental and visual health.

(3) Young architectural professionals who are interested in lighting will enter the design team of architectural environment lighting, accelerate the process of lighting design specialization in China, and finally realize the specialization and standardization of lighting design. Don't forget to recommend this post to friends on QQ/MSN (Jiangsu Construction Team, Hainan construction experience for 20 years, consulting Q 10575458 18).