First of all, the six points of personal hygiene:
1, disinfection tablets should be added to water; 2. Boil the water for 5 minutes;
3. Wash your hands before and after meals; 4. Shirts and underwear should be clean;
5. Quilts should be aired frequently; 6. If you are sick, you should find a doctor in time. Second, personal hygiene six don't:
1, don't eat seafood and aquatic products raw; 2. Don't wash fruits and chopsticks with sewage;
3. Don't eat dead poultry and livestock; 4. Don't have a dinner party;
5, don't urinate anywhere; 6. Don't walk and bathe in rivers and ponds; Three, environmental sanitation six hands-on:
1, remove the feces and dirt around the temporary residence;
2, the construction of temporary toilets, toilets to add lime;
3. Protect the sanitation of water sources and don't wash clothes around;
4, waste stacking, properly handle garbage and stolen goods;
5, separation of human and livestock, poultry and livestock in captivity;
6. Disinfect and bury the bodies of animals and mice in time; Prevention and treatment of common skin diseases after floods
Skin diseases after floods will cause the outbreak of various diseases, such as gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases and various skin diseases, among which skin diseases account for more than half of all diseases. Soaking hands and feet: Because hands and feet are soaked in water for a long time, the parts of hands and feet are eroded, peeled and oozing, which can seriously cause local infection and ulcer, usually between fingers and toes. Treatment: Keep local dry, wash and dry, and then apply powder (usually prickly heat powder) to the affected area, or apply 3% boric acid powder to the slightly eroded area, and then apply antibiotic ointment after drying. Eczema: mostly occurs in bilateral lower limbs. Because the legs are soaked in warm, wet and dirty water for a long time, erythema and papules appear on the skin, and in severe cases, blisters or even swelling may occur. The main manifestation of the patient is itching of the affected limb, and secondary purulent infection will occur if it is not handled properly. Treatment: Generally, 3% boric acid powder is used for wet compress, and hormone ointment is applied externally after the skin lesions are dried. People with more skin lesions and severe symptoms can take chlorpheniramine and other drugs orally. Summer dermatitis: it is more common in disaster areas, so it is more common in summer, long-term outdoor work, sun and rain, poor bathing conditions, and easy to get sick. Erythema and desquamation appear in the exposed parts of the body, and some small red papules may appear, accompanied by severe pain and burning sensation, and even blisters and bullae appear in the diseased parts. Treatment: calamine lotion or powder can be applied to the affected area to reduce discomfort. Folliculitis: Due to the poor sanitary conditions and humid climate in the disaster area, people have been fighting disasters for a long time, sweating like rain, and there is no clean water to bathe, which is also the time when folliculitis is easy to occur. Treatment: For less folliculitis, besides paying attention to personal hygiene, antibiotic ointment is used externally. For multiple folliculitis, antibiotics can be taken orally at the same time. Scrotal dermatitis: erythema and exudative dermatosis occurring in scrotum and its adjacent parts, commonly known as rotten crotch. This is caused by soaking in water for a long time, wearing long trousers and the genitals are airtight for a long time. Changing underwear in time and keeping the genitals clean and dry are the best ways to prevent the disease. Treatment: once the disease occurs, try to avoid contact with water, and use powder or compound Connor cream for external use, 2-3 times a day. Pustular disease: one of the common diseases of children in disaster areas. Small blisters appeared on the face, limbs and trunk, and the liquid in the blisters gradually became turbid and the blisters became soft. Because of gravity, it hangs on the skin of a bottle of water and can see the obvious liquid level. Treatment: puncture the pustule with disinfectant needle, suck out secretion, and then apply zinc oxide ointment. Athlete's foot: tinea manuum and pedis is one of the most common skin diseases in the disaster area, as well as tinea corporis and tinea cruris, which are prone to occur at this time. Treatment: Generally, compound benzoic acid tincture or antifungal ointment or powder is used externally. Insect bite dermatitis: Summer is the season of mosquito breeding, and floods have contributed to the breeding of mosquitoes. Floods make people's living environment and quality of life not guaranteed, such as being easily bitten by mosquitoes when sleeping. It is also common among children. The main manifestations are small red papules on the limbs, and sometimes there are small transparent blisters at the top of the rash. Children complain of itchy skin lesions, and scratches can often be seen on the skin. Treatment: Using mosquito nets, keeping the skin clean and hygienic, and using external protective agents are better ways to prevent the disease. Insect bite dermatitis can be relieved by external application of calamine lotion or other antipruritic agents, and hormone ointment can also be used externally.
Emergency treatment of living environment In addition, according to experts, after the flood, the disaster area is facing problems such as deterioration of living environment, serious environmental pollution, and easy epidemic of infectious diseases. There is an urgent need to improve accommodation and food and drinking water hygiene. Specific measures include:
Governance of environmental sanitation
Clean up the collapsed houses in time. Before cleaning up garbage and feces, clean and disinfect them. It is strictly forbidden to contact all kinds of polluted water and not to drink raw water. During the flood siege, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and management of water pollution. The water source or reservoir that has been flooded and polluted should be cleaned up and repaired immediately, disinfected thoroughly after recharging, and the pollutants such as toilets, cesspits, garbage and animal carcasses within 50 meters around should be removed. Establish a water source protection system and set up posts to manage it well. Where water sources and reservoirs are flooded or polluted, the health and epidemic prevention departments should test the water quality. All serious polluters are closed and can only be used after thorough treatment; Aluminum sulfate, alum (potassium aluminum sulfate) and ferric chloride should be added to the turbid water source to make the negatively charged silicon and humus particles in the water attract each other and sink; Before drinking, bleach or tincture of iodine can be used to disinfect drinking water.
Biological vector control
Carry out mosquito, fly and rodent control on a large scale, clear breeding grounds and eliminate snails. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen individual and collective protection, build mosquito nets, apply mosquito repellent, and don't rest and stay in places where snails exist.
Pay attention to food hygiene
Put an end to "illness from the mouth" and strictly achieve "ten noes". That is, do not eat livestock meat that has been drowned or died for unknown reasons; Don't eat spoiled food; Do not eat moldy food and cakes; Don't use sewage to wash melons, fruits, bowls and chopsticks; Don't drink raw water; Don't mix raw and cooked food; Do not participate in parties and picnics; Do not rinse your mouth with dirty water; Do not eat cold food or cold dishes; There are no towels and toothbrushes. In addition to paying attention to diet, it is best to add garlic to every meal, which can not only increase the acidity in the stomach, but also enhance the defense ability of the gastrointestinal tract. Don't forget to add some vinegar and garlic when eating cold salad.
Do a good job in health education
Practice has proved that the epidemic of diseases in some disaster areas is largely related to people's lack of understanding of disease prevention or their relaxation after the disaster. Therefore, in order to nip in the bud, local medical personnel and epidemic prevention personnel should go deep into the disaster-stricken areas to carry out mass health education activities, popularize knowledge of disease prevention, combine collective prevention with individual prevention, and combine active prevention with passive immunization, so that the people in the disaster-stricken areas can raise their awareness of disease prevention, consciously take preventive measures, form good health habits and improve their self-care ability.
Do a good job in disinfection, insecticidal and rodent control.
The epidemic prevention department should do a good job in disinfection, insecticide and rodent control after the flood, and provide drugs, equipment and technical guidance. Commonly used disinfectants are sodium dichloroisocyanurate, bleaching powder and water purification tablets, and commonly used pesticides are propoxur, malathion, dichlorvos, cypermethrin and niclosamide. Rodents can be killed by mousetraps, rat cages, bromadiolone baits, rat sticking boards, etc. Commonly used spraying equipment includes various knapsack motor sprayers, portable pneumatic sprayers, thermal foggers, vehicle-mounted ultra-low-capacity sprayers, aircraft ultra-low-capacity sprayers, and large-area vehicle-mounted dust collectors.
Strengthen epidemic monitoring and medical observation
Pay attention to the occurrence, epidemic trends and trends of various infectious diseases, report infectious diseases and suspicious infectious diseases in time, and strictly implement the isolation system. After leaving the disaster area, flood-fighting personnel should undergo medical observation, and the observation time should exceed the incubation period of infectious diseases. Common knowledge of prevention of common diseases after disaster
Food poisoning, cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, leptospirosis, malaria, Japanese encephalitis and other diseases are prone to occur after floods. The following five measures should be taken for prevention:
First, quickly clean up indoor and outdoor silt, garbage and feces, dredge yin and yang ditches, fill potholes, bury animal carcasses deeply, and spray bleaching powder for disinfection; Spray dichlorvos to kill insects in key areas, but avoid polluting food and drinking water sources.
Second, the sludge in water storage tanks and wells should be removed in time, disinfected with bleaching powder after cleaning, and effervescent tablets should be used for disinfection and sterilization of household water tanks.
Third, develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands consciously before and after meals, clean and disinfect fruits, vegetables and tableware before use, and do not eat spoiled and polluted things or drink raw water.
The fourth is to avoid barefoot and minimize the chance of contact with floods.
Fifth, immune preventive measures should be taken in time for susceptible people, and patients with infectious diseases should be found, diagnosed, reported, isolated and treated early. How to disinfect drinking water after disaster
During the flood disaster, the water source is easily polluted by bacteria, viruses, parasite eggs and larvae. Drinking this kind of water, washing food and tableware with this kind of water, brushing your teeth and gargling can easily lead to the occurrence and spread of diseases. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the hygiene of drinking water. The simplest and most effective way to improve drinking water hygiene in flood-stricken areas is to drink boiled water instead of raw water. Moreover, drinking water must be disinfected.
First, keep the water utensils clean. Water storage devices, such as cylinders, barrels, cans, basins, etc. , must be clean, often empty cleaning.
Secondly, coagulation and precipitation are carried out. The method is: add 2.5-4g alum or basic aluminum chloride into 50kg water, or add a peanut-sized alum into each barrel of water (about 25kg), stir for 1-2min, and let stand for about 10min to make the water clear.
Then, disinfect the drinking water. Disinfect with bleaching powder essence (calculated by containing 50% of available chlorine), and add 4-8g per ton of water; If refined bleaching powder tablets are used for disinfection (calculated according to the available chlorine content of 0.2g per tablet), add 1 tablet to each bottle of water (50kg). The method is: grinding bleaching powder essence or bleaching powder essence, blending it into paste with clear water, pouring it into the water to be disinfected, fully stirring, covering and standing for 30 minutes before use.
Bleaching powder (refined tablets) will fail in case of high temperature, light and humidity, and must be stored in a dry and cool place that can avoid light. For example, tighten the cap with a brown bottle to prevent children from eating by mistake. How to carry out effective self-help in agricultural production in rural areas
After the flood, people should pay special attention to personal hygiene and safety to prevent infectious diseases. Farmers should actively carry out effective self-help in agricultural production.
Citizens should pay attention to hygiene and prevent infectious diseases.
Because of the flood, domestic water and residence are polluted, and mosquitoes and flies breed in summer, which causes pollution of living environment and is easy to bring harm to human health, especially intestinal infectious diseases. To this end, citizens should pay attention to hygiene and guard against various infectious diseases.
It is reported that infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, malaria, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, acute gastroenteritis and food poisoning are prone to occur after floods. To this end, the doctor of the first hospital of the city reminded that after the flood, we should pay attention to hygiene and not touch all kinds of polluted water bodies. At the same time, we should pay attention to mosquitoes and flies spreading diseases.
In terms of food hygiene, people should not eat drowning or unexplained livestock meat, spoiled food, moldy food and cakes; Don't use sewage to wash melons, fruits, bowls and chopsticks; Don't drink raw water; Don't mix raw and cooked food; Don't attend dinners and picnics; Do not rinse your mouth with dirty water; Do not eat cold food or cold dishes; There are no towels and toothbrushes. And disinfect the tableware soaked in rain.
Timely ditch cleaning and drainage, and correct fertilization.
Experts from the Industrial Development Department of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau pointed out that after the rainstorm, vegetables, rice and other crops should be cleaned and drained in time to prevent water accumulation in the field and improve the vitality of crop roots. After the flooded rice is drained, the silt in the stems and leaves should be removed in time. For fields with poor ditches and flooded fields, we should pay close attention to ditch cleaning and drainage. In case of high temperature, sunny and hot weather after the disaster, it is forbidden to drain all the water in the field at one time, but leave a water layer of about 3 cm in the field to prevent plants from dying from physiological dehydration caused by evaporation of high-intensity leaves.
At the same time, according to the fertilizer demand of various crops and the disaster situation, timely and appropriate fertilization. Economic crops such as fruits and vegetables in greenhouse are prone to diseases due to damaged plant roots, weakened growth and high humidity in the field, so pesticides can be selected for prevention and control according to the disease situation.
Improve feed nutrition and thoroughly disinfect pens.
After the rainstorm, due to the increase of air humidity, the immunity of livestock and poultry is reduced, which may lead to the outbreak or epidemic of livestock and poultry diseases. Therefore, we should pay attention to strengthening feeding management and disease prevention.
Experts from the Municipal Agriculture Bureau reminded that after the rainstorm, farms, animal and its products trading markets, slaughterhouses and livestock products processing places should be cleaned up quickly, and livestock houses should be kept clean and ventilated. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out a thorough and comprehensive disinfection of livestock and poultry pens, and replace the disinfectant in the disinfection pool once a day. Free-range households can be disinfected with 10-20% lime water or 20-30% hot plant ash water.
Experts also reminded that it is necessary to increase the proportion of nutrients in feed, appropriately increase vitamins, protein and energy, and prohibit feeding spoiled feed.