The psychological rescue work for earthquake victims at the first aid site is carried out in an emergency. Its main purpose is to stabilize the psychology of the affected people as soon as possible, reduce the occurrence of serious psychological problems and their impact on disaster relief work, and lay the foundation for the rapid recovery of people's psychological health after the disaster. The main contents include the following aspects:
1. Reduce the fear of the affected people. Due to the threat of life safety and the lack of necessary information support, the affected people usually have fear. Individual psychological fear will lead to emotional out of control and irrational behavior, while the spread of rumors in disaster areas will promote the development of group psychological fear. Therefore, in addition to active rescue, we should also use various effective means to quickly release authoritative information about the disaster, prevent the spread of related rumors, reduce the psychological panic of the affected people and stabilize their psychology.
2. Eliminate the loneliness of the affected people. The earthquake caused many affected people to stay there alone, and their lives were threatened. They lost contact with their relatives and the outside world, and their social support system was completely destroyed. Rescuers should use the opportunity of direct contact with the affected people to convey their concern and support, make them feel that they are not the only victims, and encourage them to overcome and overcome difficulties with all the victims.
3. Give hope to the affected people. Hope is the most important of all human emotions. People in disaster areas may feel very desperate when they see the devastation, thus causing serious helplessness and despair. In this case, guiding the affected people to see hope can strengthen their belief in overcoming the earthquake disaster, form an optimistic attitude and a sense of control over their own destiny, and wait for further rescue with a positive attitude.
4. Encourage the affected groups to support each other. "We are both unhappy-till the end of the day". The similarity of the affected people in language, cultural customs and disaster degree enables them not only to communicate effectively, but also to have a strong sense of psychological identity, thus promoting their mutual support and enhancing their confidence to tide over the difficulties. It is one of the effective measures to organize the affected people who are familiar with each other and have similar disaster degree and give appropriate individual and collective guidance.
5. Establish on-site psychological rescue center. Create conditions for the affected people with serious cognitive impairment and out-of-control emotions and behaviors, and transfer them to the on-site psychological rescue center or similar institutions for corresponding professional treatment, collective and individual psychological crisis intervention, and use sedatives when necessary to help them tide over their psychological difficulties. If conditions permit, the affected people with severe acute psychological stress should be transferred to the rear for intensive intervention and treatment.
When providing psychological assistance to the people in the disaster area, rescuers should pay attention to meeting their basic food and shelter needs and some emergency medical assistance, and it is best to continuously provide information on how to obtain these resources simply and accurately; Be sure to listen to survivors' willingness to share their stories and feelings; Friendly and compassionate, even if they are difficult to get along with; Be sure to provide them with accurate information about disasters, losses and rescue work, which will help them understand the current situation; Try to help them contact relatives and friends, and try to keep the family together after finding relatives; Try to give them practical advice so that they can help themselves; Tell them the types and locations of rescue services currently provided, and guide them to get available help.
At the same time, rescuers must not force survivors to tell you their experiences, especially the details involving privacy; Don't just comfort, such as "everything will be fine" or "at least you are alive"; Don't tell them how you personally think they should feel, think and do now, and what they should do before; Don't write a bad check; Never complain about existing services or rescue activities in front of people who need services.
In order to minimize the psychological impact caused by the earthquake, people with high panic should be given real-time special care to avoid sudden self-harm or injury to others during aftershocks and other periods; It is necessary to help the frightened people to restore their psychological balance and motivation as soon as possible, so that they can gain a sense of physical and psychological security by hugging, touching, patting and kissing, alleviate or even stabilize the strong fear, shock or sadness caused by the crisis, and gradually restore their psychological balance; We should try our best to create a warm environment, create opportunities for frightened people to relax, mourn and talk, let them express their inner feelings about the earthquake, and give them emotional understanding and support. Chapter VII Long-term nature of self-help and mutual aid
In a relatively short time after the earthquake, people tried their best to save lives and reduce losses through self-help and mutual assistance, but the damage caused by the earthquake was lasting. Therefore, the self-help and mutual rescue activities after the earthquake also have its long-term nature. There are also long-term physical and psychological rehabilitation, prevention and treatment of diseases and epidemics in post-earthquake life, all of which need people's awareness of self-help and mutual aid to be finally realized.